雨果 悲惨世界 英文版2-第75部分

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　　In　the　same　way；　to　say　〃statesmen〃　is　sometimes　equivalent　to　saying　〃traitors。〃
　　If；　then；　we　are　to　believe　the　skilful；　revolutions　like　the　Revolution　of　July　are　severed　arteries；　a　prompt　ligature　is　indispensable。
　　The　right；　too　grandly　proclaimed；　is　shaken。　Also；　right　once　firmly　fixed；　the　state　must　be　strengthened。　Liberty　once　assured；　attention　must　be　directed　to　power。
　　Here　the　sages　are　not；　as　yet；　separated　from　the　skilful；　but　they　begin　to　be　distrustful。
　　Power；　very　good。
　　But；　in　the　first　place；　what　is　power？
　　In　the　second；　whence　es　it？　The　skilful　do　not　seem　to　hear　the　murmured　objection；　and　they　continue　their　manoeuvres。
　　According　to　the　politicians；　who　are　ingenious　in　putting　the　mask　of　necessity　on　profitable　fictions；　the　first　requirement　of　a　people　after　a　revolution；　when　this　people　forms　part　of　a　monarchical　continent；　is　to　procure　for　itself　a　dynasty。　In　this　way；　say　they；　peace；　that　is　to　say；　time　to　dress　our　wounds；　and　to　repair　the　house；　can　be　had　after　a　revolution。　The　dynasty　conceals　the　scaffolding　and　covers　the　ambulance。　Now；　it　is　not　always　easy　to　procure　a　dynasty。
　　If　it　is　absolutely　necessary；　the　first　man　of　genius　or　even　the　first　man　of　fortune　who　es　to　hand　suffices　for　the　manufacturing　of　a　king。
　　You　have；　in　the　first　case；　Napoleon；　in　the　second；　Iturbide。
　　But　the　first　family　that　es　to　hand　does　not　suffice　to　make　a　dynasty。
　　There　is　necessarily　required　a　certain　modicum　of　antiquity　in　a　race；　and　the　wrinkle　of　the　centuries　cannot　be　improvised。
　　If　we　place　ourselves　at　the　point　of　view　of　the　〃statesmen；〃　after　making　all　allowances；　of　course；　after　a　revolution；　what　are　the　qualities　of　the　king　which　result　from　it？
　　He　may　be　and　it　is　useful　for　him　to　be　a　revolutionary；　that　is　to　say；　a　participant　in　his　own　person　in　that　revolution；　that　he　should　have　lent　a　hand　to　it；　that　he　should　have　either　promised　or　distinguished　himself　therein；　that　he　should　have　touched　the　axe　or　wielded　the　sword　in　it。
　　What　are　the　qualities　of　a　dynasty？
　　It　should　be　national；　that　is　to　say；　revolutionary　at　a　distance；　not　through　acts　mitted；　but　by　reason　of　ideas　accepted。
　　It　should　be　posed　of　past　and　be　historic；　be　posed　of　future　and　be　sympathetic。
　　All　this　explains　why　the　early　revolutions　contented　themselves　with　finding　a　man；　Cromwell　or　Napoleon；　and　why　the　second　absolutely　insisted　on　finding　a　family；　the　House　of　Brunswick　or　the　House　of　Orleans。
　　Royal　houses　resemble　those　Indian　fig…trees；　each　branch　of　which；　bending　over　to　the　earth；　takes　root　and　bees　a　fig…tree　itself。　Each　branch　may　bee　a　dynasty。
　　On　the　sole　condition　that　it　shall　bend　down　to　the　people。
　　Such　is　the　theory　of　the　skilful。
　　Here；　then；　lies　the　great　art：
　　to　make　a　little　render　to　success　the　sound　of　a　catastrophe　in　order　that　those　who　profit　by　it　may　tremble　from　it　also；　to　season　with　fear　every　step　that　is　taken；　to　augment　the　curve　of　the　transition　to　the　point　of　retarding　progress；　to　dull　that　aurora；　to　denounce　and　retrench　the　harshness　of　enthusiasm；　to　cut　all　angles　and　nails；　to　wad　triumph；　to　muffle　up　right；　to　envelop　the　giant…people　in　flannel；　and　to　put　it　to　bed　very　speedily；　to　impose　a　diet　on　that　excess　of　health；　to　put　Hercules　on　the　treatment　of　a　convalescent；　to　dilute　the　event　with　the　expedient；　to　offer　to　spirits　thirsting　for　the　ideal　that　nectar　thinned　out　with　a　potion；　to　take　one's　precautions　against　too　much　success；　to　garnish　the　revolution　with　a　shade。
　　1830　practised　this　theory；　already　applied　to　England　by　1688。
　　1830　is　a　revolution　arrested　midway。
　　Half　of　progress；　quasi…right。　Now；　logic　knows　not　the　〃almost；〃　absolutely　as　the　sun　knows　not　the　candle。
　　Who　arrests　revolutions　half…way？　The　bourgeoisie？
　　Why？
　　Because　the　bourgeoisie　is　interest　which　has　reached　satisfaction。　Yesterday　it　was　appetite；　to…day　it　is　plenitude；　to…morrow　it　will　be　satiety。
　　The　phenomenon　of　1814　after　Napoleon　was　reproduced　in　1830　after　Charles　X。
　　The　attempt　has　been　made；　and　wrongly；　to　make　a　class　of　the　bourgeoisie。
　　The　bourgeoisie　is　simply　the　contented　portion　of　the　people。
　　The　bourgeois　is　the　man　who　now　has　time　to　sit　down。　A　chair　is　not　a　caste。
　　But　through　a　desire　to　sit　down　too　soon；　one　may　arrest　the　very　march　of　the　human　race。
　　This　has　often　been　the　fault　of　the　bourgeoisie。
　　One　is　not　a　class　because　one　has　mitted　a　fault。
　　Selfishness　is　not　one　of　the　divisions　of　the　social　order。
　　Moreover；　we　must　be　just　to　selfishness。
　　The　state　to　which　that　part　of　the　nation　which　is　called　the　bourgeoisie　aspired　after　the　shock　of　1830　was　not　the　inertia　which　is　plicated　with　indifference　and　laziness；　and　which　contains　a　little　shame；　it　was　not　the　slumber　which　presupposes　a　momentary　forgetfulness　accessible　to　dreams；　it　was　the　halt。
　　The　halt　is　a　word　formed　of　a　singular　double　and　almost　contradictory　sense：
　　a　troop　on　the　march；　that　is　to　say；　movement；　a　stand；　that　is　to　say；　repose。
　　The　halt　is　the　restoration　of　forces；　it　is　repose　armed　and　on　the　alert；　it　is　the　acplished　fact　which　posts　sentinels　and　holds　itself　on　its　guard。
　　The　halt　presupposes　the　bat　of　yesterday　and　the　bat　of　to…morrow。
　　It　is　the　partition　between　1830　and　1848。
　　What　we　here　call　bat　may　also　be　designated　as　progress。
　　The　bourgeoisie　then；　as　well　as　the　statesmen；　required　a　man　who　should　express　this　word　Halt。
　　An　Although…Because。　A　posite　individuality；　signifying　revolution　and　signifying　stability；　in　other　terms；　strengthening　the　present　by　the　evident　patibility　of　the　past　with　the　future。
　　This　man　was　〃already　found。〃
　　His　name　was　Louis　Philippe　d'Orleans。
　　The　221　made　Louis　Philippe　King。
　　Lafayette　undertook　the　coronation。
　　He　called　it　the　best　of　republics。
　　The　town…hall　of　Paris　took　the　place　of　the　Cathedral　of　Rheims。
　　This　substitution　of　a　half…throne　for　a　whole　throne　was　〃the　work　of　1830。〃
　　When　the　skilful　had　finished；　the　immense　vice　of　their　solution　became　apparent。
　　All　this　had　been　acplished　outside　the　bounds　of　absolute　right。
　　Absolute　right　cried：　〃I　protest！〃　then；　terrible　to　say；　it　retired　into　the　darkness。


BOOK　FIRST。A　FEW　PAGES　OF　HISTORY
CHAPTER　III　
　　LOUIS　PHILIPPE
　　　Revolutions　have　a　terrible　arm　and　a　happy　hand；　they　strike　firmly　and　choose　well。
　　Even　inplete；　even　debased　and　abused　and　reduced　to　the　state　of　a　junior　revolution　like　the　Revolution　of　1830；　they　nearly　always　retain　sufficient　providential　lucidity　to　prevent　them　from　falling　amiss。
　　Their　eclipse　is　never　an　abdication。
　　Nevertheless；　let　us　not　boast　too　loudly；　revolutions　also　may　be　deceived；　and　grave　errors　have　been　seen。
　　Let　us　return　to　1830。
　　1830；　in　its　deviation；　had　good　luck。　In　the　establishment　which　entitled　itself　order　after　the　revolution　had　been　cut　short；　the　King　amounted　to　more　than　royalty。　Louis　Philippe　was　a　rare　man。
　　The　son　of　a　father　to　whom　history　will　accord　certain　attenuating　circumstances；　but　also　as　worthy　of　esteem　as　that　father　had　been　of　blame；　possessing　all　private　virtues　and　many　public　virtues；　careful　of　his　health；　of　his　fortune；　of　his　person；　of　his　affairs；　knowing　the　value　of　a　minute　and　not　always　the　value　of　a　year；　sober；　serene；　peaceable；　patient；　a　good　man　and　a　good　prince；　sleeping　with　his　wife；　and　having　in　his　palace　lackeys　charged　with　the　duty　of　showing　the　conjugal　bed　to　the　bourgeois；　an　ostentation　of　the　regular　sleeping…apartment　which　had　bee　useful　after　the　former　illegitimate　displays　of　the　elder　branch；　knowing　all　the　languages　of　Europe；　and；　what　is　more　rare；　all　the　languages　of　all　interests；　and　speaking　them；　an　admirable　representative　of　the　〃middle　class；〃　but　outstripping　it；　and　in　every　way　greater　than　it；　possessing　excellent　sense；　while　appreciating　the　blood　from　which　he　had　sprung；　counting　most　of　all　on　his　intrinsic　worth；　and；　on　the　question　of　his　race；　very　particular；　declaring　himself　Orleans　and　not　Bourbon；　thoroughly　the　first　Prince　of　the　Blood　Royal　while　he　was　still　only　a　Serene　Highness；　but　a　frank　bourgeois　from　the　day　he　became　king；　diffuse　in　public；　concise　in　private；　reputed；　but　not　proved　to　be　a　miser；　at　bottom；　one　of　those　economists　who　are　readily　prodigal　at　their　own　fancy　or　duty；　lettered；　but　not　very　sensitive　to　letters；　a　gentleman；　but　not　a　chevalier；　simple；　calm；　and　strong；　adored　by　his　family　and　his　household；　a　fascinating　talker；　an　undeceived　statesman；　inwardly　cold；　dominated　by　immediate　interest；　always　governing　at　the　shortest　range；　incapable　of　rancor　and　of　gratitude；　making　use　without　mercy　of　superiority　on　mediocrity；　clever　in　getting　parliamentary　majorities　to　put　in　the　wrong　those　mysterious　unanimities　which　mutter　dully　under　thrones；　unreserved；　sometimes　imprudent　in　his　lack　of　reserve；　but　with　marvellous　address　in　that　imprudence；　fertile　in　expedients；　in　countenances；　in　masks；　making　France　fear　Europe　and　Europe　France！　Incontestably　fond　of　his　country；　but　preferring　his　family；　assuming　more　domination　than　authority　and　more　authority　than　dignity；　a　disposition　which　has　this　unfortunate　property；　that　as　it　turns　everything　to　success；　it　admits　of　ruse　and　does　not　absolutely　repudiate　baseness；　but　which　has　this　valuable　side；　that　it　preserves　politics　from　violent　shocks；　the　state　from　fractures；　and　society　from　catastrophes；　minute；　correct；　vigilant；　attentive；　sagacious；　indefatigable；　contradicting　himself　at　times　and　giving　himself　the　lie；　bold　against　Austria　at　Ancona；　obstinate　against　England　in　Spain；　bombarding　Antwerp；　and　paying　off　Pritchard；　singing　the　Marseillaise　with　conviction；　inaccessible　to　despondency；　to　lassitude；　to　the　taste　for　the　beautiful　and　the　ideal；　to　daring　generosity；　to　Utopia；　to　chimeras；　to　wrath；　to　vanity；　to　fear；　possessing　all　the　forms　of　personal　intrepidity；　a　general　at　Valmy；　a　soldier　a