雨果 悲惨世界 英文版2-第76部分

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repidity；　a　general　at　Valmy；　a　soldier　at　Jemappes；　attacked　eight　times　by　regicides　and　always　smiling。
　　brave　as　a　grenadier；　courageous　as　a　thinker；　uneasy　only　in　the　face　of　the　chances　of　a　European　shaking　up；　and　unfitted　for　great　political　adventures；　always　ready　to　risk　his　life；　never　his　work；　disguising　his　will　in　influence；　in　order　that　he　might　be　obeyed　as　an　intelligence　rather　than　as　a　king；　endowed　with　observation　and　not　with　divination；　not　very　attentive　to　minds；　but　knowing　men；　that　is　to　say　requiring　to　see　in　order　to　judge；　prompt　and　penetrating　good　sense；　practical　wisdom；　easy　speech；　prodigious　memory；　drawing　incessantly　on　this　memory；　his　only　point　of　resemblance　with　Caesar；　Alexander；　and　Napoleon；　knowing　deeds；　facts；　details；　dates；　proper　names；　ignorant　of　tendencies；　passions；　the　diverse　geniuses　of　the　crowd；　the　interior　aspirations；　the　hidden　and　obscure　uprisings　of　souls；　in　a　word；　all　that　can　be　designated　as　the　invisible　currents　of　consciences；　accepted　by　the　surface；　but　little　in　accord　with　France　lower　down；　extricating　himself　by　dint　of　tact；　governing　too　much　and　not　enough；　his　own　first　minister；　excellent　at　creating　out　of　the　pettiness　of　realities　an　obstacle　to　the　immensity　of　ideas；　mingling　a　genuine　creative　faculty　of　civilization；　of　order　and　organization；　an　indescribable　spirit　of　proceedings　and　chicanery；　the　founder　and　lawyer　of　a　dynasty；　having　something　of　Charlemagne　and　something　of　an　attorney；　in　short；　a　lofty　and　original　figure；　a　prince　who　understood　how　to　create　authority　in　spite　of　the　uneasiness　of　France；　and　power　in　spite　of　the　jealousy　of　Europe。
　　Louis　Philippe　will　be　classed　among　the　eminent　men　of　his　century；　and　would　be　ranked　among　the　most　illustrious　governors　of　history　had　he　loved　glory　but　a　little；　and　if　he　had　had　the　sentiment　of　what　is　great　to　the　same　degree　as　the　feeling　for　what　is　useful。
　　Louis　Philippe　had　been　handsome；　and　in　his　old　age　he　remained　graceful；　not　always　approved　by　the　nation；　he　always　was　so　by　the　masses；　he　pleased。
　　He　had　that　gift　of　charming。
　　He　lacked　majesty；　he　wore　no　crown；　although　a　king；　and　no　white　hair；　although　an　old　man；　his　manners　belonged　to　the　old　regime　and　his　habits　to　the　new；　a　mixture　of　the　noble　and　the　bourgeois　which　suited　1830；　Louis　Philippe　was　transition　reigning；　he　had　preserved　the　ancient　pronunciation　and　the　ancient　orthography　which　he　placed　at　the　service　of　opinions　modern；　he　loved　Poland　and　Hungary；　but　he　wrote　les　Polonois；　and　he　pronounced　les　Hongrais。
　　He　wore　the　uniform　of　the　national　guard；　like　Charles　X。；　and　the　ribbon　of　the　Legion　of　Honor；　like　Napoleon。
　　He　went　a　little　to　chapel；　not　at　all　to　the　chase；　never　to　the　opera。　Incorruptible　by　sacristans；　by　whippers…in；　by　ballet…dancers；　this　made　a　part　of　his　bourgeois　popularity。
　　He　had　no　heart。　He　went　out　with　his　umbrella　under　his　arm；　and　this　umbrella　long　formed　a　part　of　his　aureole。
　　He　was　a　bit　of　a　mason；　a　bit　of　a　gardener；　something　of　a　doctor；　he　bled　a　postilion　who　had　tumbled　from　his　horse；　Louis　Philippe　no　more　went　about　without　his　lancet；　than　did　Henri　IV。
　　without　his　poniard。
　　The　Royalists　jeered　at　this　ridiculous　king；　the　first　who　had　ever　shed　blood　with　the　object　of　healing。
　　For　the　grievances　against　Louis　Philippe；　there　is　one　deduction　to　be　made；　there　is　that　which　accuses　royalty；　that　which　accuses　the　reign；　that　which　accuses　the　King；　three　columns　which　all　give　different　totals。
　　Democratic　right　confiscated；　progress　bees　a　matter　of　secondary　interest；　the　protests　of　the　street　violently　repressed；　military　execution　of　insurrections；　the　rising　passed　over　by　arms；　the　Rue　Transnonain；　the　counsels　of　war；　the　absorption　of　the　real　country　by　the　legal　country；　on　half　shares　with　three　hundred　thousand　privileged　persons；　these　are　the　deeds　of　royalty；　Belgium　refused；　Algeria　too　harshly　conquered；　and；　as　in　the　case　of　India　by　the　English；　with　more　barbarism　than　civilization；　the　breach　of　faith；　to　Abd…el…Kader；　Blaye；　Deutz　bought；　Pritchard　paid；these　are　the　doings　of　the　reign；　the　policy　which　was　more　domestic　than　national　was　the　doing　of　the　King。
　　As　will　be　seen；　the　proper　deduction　having　been　made；　the　King's　charge　is　decreased。
　　This　is　his　great　fault；　he　was　modest　in　the　name　of　France。
　　Whence　arises　this　fault？
　　We　will　state　it。
　　Louis　Philippe　was　rather　too　much　of　a　paternal　king；　that　incubation　of　a　family　with　the　object　of　founding　a　dynasty　is　afraid　of　everything　and　does　not　like　to　be　disturbed；　hence　excessive　timidity；　which　is　displeasing　to　the　people；　who　have　the　14th　of　July　in　their　civil　and　Austerlitz　in　their　military　tradition。
　　Moreover；　if　we　deduct　the　public　duties　which　require　to　be　fulfilled　first　of　all；　that　deep　tenderness　of　Louis　Philippe　towards　his　family　was　deserved　by　the　family。
　　That　domestic　group　was　worthy　of　admiration。
　　Virtues　there　dwelt　side　by　side　with　talents。　One　of　Louis　Philippe's　daughters；　Marie　d'Orleans；　placed　the　name　of　her　race　among　artists；　as　Charles　d'Orleans　had　placed　it　among　poets。
　　She　made　of　her　soul　a　marble　which　she　named　Jeanne　d'Arc。　Two　of　Louis　Philippe's　daughters　elicited　from　Metternich　this　eulogium：
　　〃They　are　young　people　such　as　are　rarely　seen；　and　princes　such　as　are　never　seen。〃
　　This；　without　any　dissimulation；　and　also　without　any　exaggeration；　is　the　truth　about　Louis　Philippe。
　　To　be　Prince　Equality；　to　bear　in　his　own　person　the　contradiction　of　the　Restoration　and　the　Revolution；　to　have　that　disquieting　side　of　the　revolutionary　which　bees　reassuring　in　governing　power；　therein　lay　the　fortune　of　Louis　Philippe　in　1830；　never　was　there　a　more　plete　adaptation　of　a　man　to　an　event；　the　one　entered　into　the　other；　and　the　incarnation　took　place。　Louis　Philippe　is　1830　made　man。
　　Moreover；　he　had　in　his　favor　that　great　remendation　to　the　throne；　exile。
　　He　had　been　proscribed；　a　wanderer；　poor。
　　He　had　lived　by　his　own　labor。
　　In　Switzerland；　this　heir　to　the　richest　princely　domains　in　France　had　sold　an　old　horse　in　order　to　obtain　bread。
　　At　Reichenau；　he　gave　lessons　in　mathematics；　while　his　sister　Adelaide　did　wool　work　and　sewed。　These　souvenirs　connected　with　a　king　rendered　the　bourgeoisie　enthusiastic。
　　He　had；　with　his　own　hands；　demolished　the　iron　cage　of　Mont…Saint…Michel；　built　by　Louis　XI；　and　used　by　Louis　XV。　He　was　the　panion　of　Dumouriez；　he　was　the　friend　of　Lafayette；　he　had　belonged　to　the　Jacobins'　club；　Mirabeau　had　slapped　him　on　the　shoulder；　Danton　had　said　to　him：
　　〃Young　man！〃　At　the　age　of　four　and　twenty；　in　'93；　being　then　M。　de　Chartres；　he　had　witnessed；　from　the　depth　of　a　box；　the　trial　of　Louis　XVI。；　so　well　named　that　poor　tyrant。
　　The　blind　clairvoyance　of　the　Revolution；　breaking　royalty　in　the　King　and　the　King　with　royalty；　did　so　almost　without　noticing　the　man　in　the　fierce　crushing　of　the　idea；　the　vast　storm　of　the　Assembly…Tribunal；　the　public　wrath　interrogating；　Capet　not　knowing　what　to　reply；　the　alarming；　stupefied　vacillation　by　that　royal　head　beneath　that　sombre　breath；　the　relative　innocence　of　all　in　that　catastrophe；　of　those　who　condemned　as　well　as　of　the　man　condemned；he　had　looked　on　those　things；　he　had　contemplated　that　giddiness；　he　had　seen　the　centuries　appear　before　the　bar　of　the　Assembly…Convention；　he　had　beheld；　behind　Louis　XVI。；　that　unfortunate　passer…by　who　was　made　responsible；　the　terrible　culprit；　the　monarchy；　rise　through　the　shadows；　and　there　had　lingered　in　his　soul　the　respectful　fear　of　these　immense　justices　of　the　populace；　which　are　almost　as　impersonal　as　the　justice　of　God。
　　The　trace　left　in　him　by　the　Revolution　was　prodigious。
　　Its　memory　was　like　a　living　imprint　of　those　great　years；　minute　by　minute。　One　day；　in　the　presence　of　a　witness　whom　we　are　not　permitted　to　doubt；　he　rectified　from　memory　the　whole　of　the　letter　A　in　the　alphabetical　list　of　the　Constituent　Assembly。
　　Louis　Philippe　was　a　king　of　the　broad　daylight。
　　While　he　reigned　the　press　was　free；　the　tribune　was　free；　conscience　and　speech　were　free。
　　The　laws　of　September　are　open　to　sight。　Although　fully　aware　of　the　gnawing　power　of　light　on　privileges；　he　left　his　throne　exposed　to　the　light。
　　History　will　do　justice　to　him　for　this　loyalty。
　　Louis　Philippe；　like　all　historical　men　who　have　passed　from　the　scene；　is　to…day　put　on　his　trial　by　the　human　conscience。
　　His　case　is；　as　yet；　only　in　the　lower　court。
　　The　hour　when　history　speaks　with　its　free　and　venerable　accent；　has　not　yet　sounded　for　him；　the　moment　has　not　e　to　pronounce　a　definite　judgment　on　this　king；　the　austere　and　illustrious　historian　Louis　Blanc　has　himself　recently　softened　his　first　verdict；　Louis　Philippe　was　elected　by　those　two　almosts　which　are　called　the　221　and　1830；　that　is　to　say；　by　a　half…Parliament；　and　a　half…revolution；　and　in　any　case；　from　the　superior　point　of　view　where　philosophy　must　place　itself；　we　cannot　judge　him　here；　as　the　reader　has　seen　above；　except　with　certain　reservations　in　the　name　of　the　absolute　democratic　principle；　in　the　eyes　of　the　absolute；　outside　these　two　rights；　the　right　of　man　in　the　first　place；　the　right　of　the　people　in　the　second；　all　is　usurpation；　but　what　we　can　say；　even　at　the　present　day；　that　after　making　these　reserves　is；　that　to　sum　up　the　whole；　and　in　whatever　manner　he　is　considered；　Louis　Philippe；　taken　in　himself；　and　from　the　point　of　view　of　human　goodness；　will　remain；　to　use　the　antique　language　of　ancient　history；　one　of　the　best　princes　who　ever　sat　on　a　throne。
　　What　is　there　against　him？
　　That　throne。
　　Take　away　Louis　Philippe　the　king；　there　remains　the　man。
　　And　the　man　is　good。
　　He　is　good　at　times　even　to　the　point　of　being　admirable。
　　Often；　in　the　midst　of　his　gravest　souvenirs；　after　a　day　of　conflict　with　the　whole　diplomacy　of　the　continent；　he　returned　at　night　to　his　apartments；　and　there；　exhausted　with　fatigue；　overwhelmed　with　sleep；　what　did　he　do？　He　t