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being that I can look upon as my friend。〃 He then told me how he had lost 

his father and mother when a mere child; had drifted out into the world an 

orphan   boy;   got   into   bad   company;   into   crime   and   into   prison。 As   I   sat 

there looking into the face of that little darkey; I thought how sad his lot 

must be; and my sympathies were aroused。 I said; 〃Bob; is there anything I 



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can do for you? I am your friend; and will do all I can to aid you。〃 I spoke 

words     of  encouragement;       and   tried  to  cheer    him   up  by   saying    that  I 

thought he would not die。 In this I used a little deceit; but it was to assuage 

his grief。 I really thought he would die very soon。 Then he told me what he 

wanted。 He said; 〃I am going to die; my angel mother came to my bedside 

last night; I saw her as plainly as I see you now。 She said she was coming 

soon to take me out of prison and out of this world of sorrow。 Yes; I am 

going to die; but I am afraid to cross the dark river。 When I am dying I 

want you to sit by my bedside; take hold of my hand and go with me down 

the vale of death as far as possible。 It will do me so much good。 Will you 

do this for me? It is the only favor I ask。〃 I told him I would only be too 

glad to do so if it would aid him in the moment when life shrinks from the 

shadow of death; but told him I thought he would not dieanother little fib 

on my  part。  However;  that   did no   harm;   for   I   failed   to   convince him  he 

would live。 About 1 o'clock A。 M。 a couple of nights after this; one of the 

watchers came to my cot and said Bob wanted to see me immediately。 I 

felt his time had come。 Hastily dressing; I went to his bedside。 I found him 

dying。 I sat down by his side and took his hand in mine。 I was going with 

him   to   the   dark   river。   He   pressed   my   hand   and   a   smile   of   satisfaction 

passed over his countenance。 He said; 〃You are so kind。〃 I spoke words of 

hope and encouragement suitable to the time and occasion。 I sat thus for 

some little time; his limbs grew cold; his eyes became glassy; the death 

dew was dampening his brow。 It was evident he would soon breathe his 

last。 Poor; helpless; friendless negro! What was your life's mission? Many 

similar pious thoughts flitted through my mind。 Without a friend! Among 

all the millions of earth he could not call one by the endearing name of 

friend! Sad; sad thought! After I had remained there some time; expecting 

every   breath   to   be   his   last;   what   was   my   astonishment   to   discover   his 

hands and limbs growing warmer。 The crisis of his disease was passed。 No 

dark   river   this   time!   Soon   his   〃glassy〃   eyes   were   closed;   and   in   a   few 

moments he began to snore! Disappointed; I dropped that black 〃paw;〃 and 

went back to my cot。 That little darkey is still alive。 He often asked   me 

after that if I wanted to take another trip down to 〃de da'k ribbah!〃 

     The prisoners who die in the penitentiary are buried in the graveyard 



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of the institution; unless they have friends who will pay for the removal of 

the   body。   Just   outside   the   prison   walls   is   the   cemetery。   Its   location   is   a 

walnut grove in a deep ravine。 The first graves were dug near the eastern 

side of the cemetery and as near to each other as possible。 As fast as this 

space is filled with graves it is covered over many feet deep with the slate 

and   dirt   taken   from   the   coal   mines;   a   few   yards   distant。   Beneath   this 

rubbish will the prisoners sleep until the trump shall sound and the dead 

arise。   Prisoners   dying   are   dressed   in   a   neat   suit   of   black   clothes;   if   the 

body is to be forwarded to the friends; otherwise; the burial suit consists of 

a cotton shirt and a pair of drawers of the same material。 The coffin is very 

plain; and is made in one of the prison shops。 



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                                   CHAPTER VII 



                              ESCAPES FROM PRISON 

     Occasionally there is a man shrewd enough to make his escape from 

prison。   When   a   convict   has   almost   served   out   his   time   he   is   generally 

selected to perform the duties of a 〃trusty;〃 and allowed to go outside the 

prison enclosure。 By good conduct other prisoners gain the confidence of 

the officials;   and   there   are   instances   where   these   men;   though   they   may 

have several months to serve; are permitted to go beyond the walls; doing 

duty for the prison。 But they are rare。 Generally a convict; if he has long to 

serve; is not trusted to any great extent。 At times these 〃trusties;〃 although 

they may have but a few weeks to remain; cannot successfully resist the 

temptation   to   escape。   Ordinarily   the   escaped   convict   is   overtaken   and 

brought back。 

     I recollect an instance where two young fellows were thus trusted。 One 

of   them   had   two   months   to   serve;   and   the   other   but   twenty…seven   days。 

They were given employment at the reservoir; over a mile from the prison。 

No officer was guarding them。 They made an attempt to get away。 After 

being absent a few hours   they were   missed from  their post of duty。 The 

alarm was given; and officers started in pursuit。 They were overtaken and 

caught   about   five   miles   distant;   hid   in   the   brush。   They   had   concealed 

themselves in this place; intending to make their escape in the darkness of 

the coming night。 The officers in search accidentally came upon them in 

this brush patch。 They were taken back to prison。 They were compelled to 

work for thirty days with a ball and chain attached to each of their limbs; 

after which they were taken to Leavenworth; to the District Court; where 

they  plead   guilty  to   the   charge   of   attempting   to   escape   from  the   prison。 

Each     of  them    received    a  sentence    of  one   year   at  hard   labor   in  the 

penitentiary for this foolishness。 After their present sentence has expired; 

they will have to enter immediately upon the other for trying to escape。 At 

this writing; both of these convicts are digging coal in the mines。 They are 

not trusted now。 

     Another   prisoner;   a   much   older   man   than   these   two   whom   I   have 

described; tried to escape; he got as far as Ohio before the officers secured 



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him。   During   the   late   rebellion   this   man   was   a   captain   in   the   army。   He 

became involved in a quarrel with some of his relatives and was sent to the 

penitentiary   for   forgery。   On   account   of   his   previous   good   character;   on 

coming to the penitentiary he was immediately set to work as a 〃trusty。〃 

Some   few   months   after   he   was   sent   to   the   Missouri   River;   over   a   mile 

from the prison; to do some work。 No officer was with him。 Going down 

to   the   banks   of   the   river   he   discovered   a   boat   tied   to   the   shore。   In   a 

subsequent conversation; he told me when he saw that boat it suggested 

the thought of escaping。 His wife and children were in the State of Ohio。 

They had removed there since his conviction。 〃The boat;〃 said he; 〃seemed 

to   say;   'get   in   and   cross   the   river。'   I   thought   of   my   family。   Oh;   how   I 

longed to be with them! I could not resist the temptation。 I had some old 

overalls; and I drew these on over the stripes。 I got into the boat; rowed 

across; and hid in the woods on the Missouri side until night。 During the 

night…time I walked; and during the daytime would lay by in the woods; 

occasionally   going   out   to   a   house   begging   something   to   eat。   At   last   I 

reached   my   home   in   Ohio。   I   was   footsore   and   almost   starved   when   I 

arrived。〃 Continuing his narrative; he informed me that he had no peace of 

mind。 He was in constant dread of pursuing officers。 Every man he saw he 

took to be a detective in search of him。 At last; so great was his alarm and 

uneasiness;   that   he   telegraphed   the   prison   officials   where   he   was。   The 

warden went   and brought   him  back; For punishment   he remained   in   the 

dungeon several days and nights; and wore the ball and chain for over a 

month。   This   man   has   not   been   tried   yet   for   making   his   escape。   It   will 

probably be overlooked because of the change in the prison administration。 

His original sentence was five years。 

     Another prisoner made his escape; was away for five years; was then 

discovered; brought back; and is at present eight hundred feet below the 

surface; digging coal。 

     One   day   a   young   man   was   brought   to   the   penitentiary   under   three 

years' sentence。 He was handsome and had winning ways。 It was not long 

before the officers had learned to like him。 He was a natural confidence 

man。   It   was   difficult   to   resist   his   influence。   After   he   had   been   in   the 

penitentiary a short time he was made a 〃trusty。〃 For awhile he was very 



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dutiful   and   obedient。   He   was   no   fool。   He   gained   the   confidence   of   the 

officers so that many of them would have confided their pocketbooks to 

his   care。   He   was   permitted    

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