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36  CREATURES THAT ONCE WERE MEN



〃You ought to go into a village 。 。 。 become a clerk or a 

teacher 。 。 。 You would be well fed there。  What are you crying 

for?〃 asked Tyapa sadly。



But the teacher was crying as if the tears quieted and comforted 

him。



From this day they became friends; and the 〃creatures that once 

were men;〃 seeing them together; said:  〃The teacher is friendly 

with Tyapa 。 。 。 He wishes his money。  Kuvalda must have put 

this into his head 。 。 。 To look about to see where the old 

man's fortune is。 。 。 。〃



Probably they did not believe what they said。  There was one 

strange thing about these men; namely; that they painted 

themselves to others worse than they actually were。  A man who 

has good in him does not mind sometimes showing his worse nature。



*       *       *       *       *       *       *       *       *       *         



When all these people were gathered round the teacher; then the 

reading of the newspaper would begin。



〃Well; what does the newspaper discuss to…day? Is there any feuilleton?〃



〃No;〃 the teacher informs him。



〃Your publisher seems greedy 。 。 。 but is there any leader?〃



〃There is one to…day 。 。 。 It appears to be by Gulyaeff。〃



〃Aha! Come; out with it I He writes cleverly; the rascal。〃



〃'The taxation of immovable property;'〃 reads the teacher; 〃It

was introduced some fifteen years ago; and up to the present  it 

has served as the basis for collecting these taxes in aid of the 

city revenue。 。 。 。'〃





37  CREATURES THAT ONCE WERE MEN





〃That is simple;〃 comments Captain Kuvalda。 〃It continues to 

serve。  That is ridiculous。  To the merchant who is moving 

about in the city; it is profitable that it should continue 

to serve。 Therefore it does continue。〃



〃The article; in fact; is written on the subject;〃 says the 

teacher。



〃Is it?  That is strange; it is more a subject for a 

feuilleton。〃



〃Such a subject must be treated with plenty of pepper。 。 。 。〃



Then a short discussion begins。  The people listen attentively; 

as only one bottle of vodki has been drunk。



After the leader; they read the local events; then the court 

proceedings; and; if in the police court it reports that the 

defendant or plaintiff is a merchant; then Aristid Kuvalda 

sincerely rejoices。  If someone has robbed the merchant; 〃That 

is good;〃 says he。  〃Only it is a pity they robbed him of so 

little。〃  If his horses have broken down; 〃It is sad that he 

is still alive。〃  If the merchant has lost his suit in court; 

〃It is a pity that the costs were not double the amount。〃



〃That would have been illegal;〃 remarks the teacher。



〃Illegal!  But is the merchant himself legal?〃 inquires Kuvalda 

bitterly。  〃What is the merchant? Let us investigate this rough 

and uncouth phenomenon。  First of all; every merchant is a 

mujik。  He comes from a village; and in course of time becomes 

a merchant。  In order to be a merchant; one must have money。 





38  CREATURES THAT ONCE WERE MEN





Where can the mujik get the money from?  It is well known that 

he does not get it by honest hard work; and that means that the 

mujik; somehow or other; has been swindling。  That is to say; 

a merchant is simply a dishonest mujik。〃



〃Splendid!〃 cry the people; approving the orator's deduction; 

and Tyapa bellows all the time; scratching his breast。  He 

always bellows like this as he drinks his first glass of vodki; 

when he has a drunken headache。  The Captain beams with joy。 

They next read the correspondence。  This is; for the Captain; 

〃an abundance of drinks;〃 as he himself calls it。  He always 

notices how the merchants make this life abominable; and how 

cleverly they spoil everything。  His speeches thunder at and

annihilate merchants。  His audience listens to him with the 

greatest pleasure; because he swears atrociously。  〃If I wrote 

for the papers;〃 he shouts; 〃I would show up the merchant in 

his true colors 。 。 。 I would show that he is a beast; playing 

for a time the role of a man。  I understand him!   He is a rough 

boor; does not know the meaning of the words 'good taste;' has 

no notion of patriotism; and his knowledge is not worth five

kopecks。〃

     

Abyedok; knowing the Captain's weak point; and fond of making 

other people angry; cunningly adds:



〃Yes; since the nobility began to make acquaintance with hunger; 

men have disappeared from the world。 。 。 。〃



〃You are right; you son of a spider and a toad。  Yes; from the 

time that the noblemen fell; there have been no men。  There are 

only merchants; and I hate them。〃





39  CREATURES THAT ONCE WERE MEN





〃That is easy to understand; brother; because you too; have 

been brought down by them。 。 。 。〃



〃I?  I was ruined by love of life 。 。 。 Fool that I was; I loved 

life; but the merchant spoils it; and I cannot bear it; simply 

for this reason; and not because I am a nobleman。  But if you 

want to know the truth; I was once a man; though I was not noble。 

I care now for nothing and nobody 。 。 。 and all my life has been

tamea sweetheart who has jilted metherefore I despise life; 

and am indifferent to it。〃



〃You lie!〃 says Abyedok。



〃I lie?〃 roars Aristid Kuvalda; almost crimson with anger。



〃Why shout?〃 comes in the cold sad voice of Martyanoff。



〃Why judge others?  Merchants; noblemen。 。 。what have we to 

do with them?〃



〃Seeing what we are〃 。 。 。 puts in Deacon Taras。



〃Be quiet; Abyedok;〃 says the teacher good…naturedly。



〃Why do you provoke him?〃  He does not love either discussion 

or noise; and when they quarrel all around him his lips form 

into a sickly grimace; and he endeavors quietly and reasonably 

to reconcile each with the other; and if he does not succeed 

in this he leaves the company。  Knowing this; the Captain; if 

he is not very drunk; controls himself; not wishing to lose; 

in the person of the teacher; one of the best of his listeners。



〃I repeat;〃 he continues; in a quieter tone; 〃that I see life 

in the hands of enemies; not only enemies of the noble but of 

everything good; avaricious and incapable of adorning existence 

in any way。〃





40  CREATURES THAT ONCE WERE MEN





〃But all the same; says the teacher; 〃merchants; so to speak; 

created Genoa; Venice; Hollandand all these were merchants; 

merchants from England; India; the Stroyanoff merchants。 。 。 。〃



〃I do not speak of these men; I am thinking of Judas Petunikoff; 

who is one of them。 。 。 。〃



〃And you say you have nothing to do with them?〃 asks the teacher 

quietly。



〃But do you think that I do not live?  Aha!  I do live; but I 

suppose I ought not to be angry at the fact that life is 

desecrated and robbed of all freedom by these men。〃



〃And they dare to laugh at the kindly anger of the Captain; a 

man living in retirement?〃 says Abyedok teasingly。



〃Very well! I agree with you that I am foolish。  Being a 

creature who was once a man; I ought to blot out from my heart 

all those feelings that once were mine。  You may be right; but 

then how could I or any of you defend ourselves if we did away 

with all these feelings?〃



〃Now then; you are talking sense;〃 says the teacher encouragingly。



〃We want other feelings and other views on life 。 。 。 We want 

something new。 。 。because we ourselves are a novelty in this 

life。 。 。 。〃



〃Doubtless this is most important for us;〃 remarks the teacher。



〃Why?〃 asks Kanets。  〃Is it not all the same whatever we say or 

think?  We have not got long to live I am forty; you are fifty 

。 。 。 there is no one among us younger than thirty; and even 

at twenty one cannot live such a life long。〃





41  CREATURES THAT ONCE WERE MEN





〃And what kind of novelty are we?〃 asked Abyedok mockingly。



〃Since nakedness has always existed 〃



〃Yes; and it created Rome;〃 said the teacher。



〃Yes; of course;〃 says the Captain; beaming with joy。



〃Romulus and Remus; eh?  We also shall create when our time 

comes。 。 。 。〃



〃Violation of public peace;〃 interrupts Abyedok。  He laughs 

in a self…satisfied way。  His laughter is impudent and insolent; 

and is echoed by Simtsoff; the Deacon and Paltara Taras。 The 

naive eyes of young Meteor light up; and his cheeks flush 

crimson。



Kanets speaks; and it seems as if he were hammering their heads。



〃All these are foolish illusions 。 。 。 fiddlesticks!〃



It was strange to see them reasoning in this manner; these 

outcasts from life; tattered; drunken with vodki and wickedness; 

filthy and forlorn。  Such conversations rejoiced the Captain's 

heart。 They gave him an opportunity of speaking more; and 

therefore he thought himself better than the rest。  However low 

he may fall; a man can never deny himself the delight of feeling

cleverer; more powerful; or even better fed than his companions。 

Aristid Kuvalda abused this pleasure; and never could have 

enough of it; much to the disgust of Abyedok; Kubar; and others 

of these creatures that once were men; who were less interested

in such things。



Politics; however; were more to the popular taste。  The 

discussions as to the necessity of taking India or of subduing 

England were lengthy and protracted。  





42  CREATURES THAT ONCE WERE MEN





Nor did they speak with less enthusiasm of the radical measure 

of clearing Jews off the face of the earth。  On this subject 

Abyedok was always the first to propose dreadful plans to effect 

the desired end; but the Captain; always first in every other 

argument; did not join in this one。  They also spoke much and 

impudently about women; but the teacher always defended them; 

and sometimes was very angry when they went so far as to pass 

the limits of decency。  They all; as a rule; gave in to him; 

because they did not look upon him as a co

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