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four arthurian romances-第52部分

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ore; see Miss      J。L。 Weston; 〃The Three Days' Tournament〃 (London; 1902)。       She argues (p。 14 f。 and p。 43 f。) against Foerster's      unqualified opinion of the originality of Chretien in his      use of this current description of a tournament; an opinion      set forth in his 〃Einleitung to Lancelot〃; pp。 43; 126; 128;      138。 (35) Note that Chretien here deliberately avoids such a list of      knights as he introduces in 〃Erec〃。 (F。) (36) It must be admitted that the text; which is offered by all      but one MS。; is here unintelligible。  The reference; if any      be intended; is not clear。 (F。) (37) Much has been made of this expression as intimating that      Chretien wrote 〃Cliges〃 as a sort of disavowal of the      immorality of his lost 〃Tristan〃。  Cf。 Foerster; 〃Cliges〃      (Ed。 1910); p。 xxxix f。; and Myrrha Borodine; 〃La femme et      l'amour au XXIe Seicle d'apres les poemes de Chretien de      Troyes〃 (Paris; 1909)。  G。 Paris has ably defended another      interpretation of the references in 〃Cliges〃 to the Tristan      legend in 〃Journal des Savants〃; 1902; p。 442 f。 (38) This curious moral teaching appears to be a perversion of      three passages form St。 Paul's Epistles: I Cor。 vii。 9; I      Cor。 x。 32; Eph。 v。 15。  Cf。 H。 Emecke; 〃Chretien von Troyes      als Personlichkeit und als Dichter〃 (Wurzburg; 1892)。 (39) 〃This feature of a woman who; thanks to some charm;      preserves her virginity with a husband whom she does not      love; is found not only in widespread stories; but in      several French epic poems。  In only one; 〃Les Enfances      Guillaume〃; does the husband; like Alis; remain ignorant of      the fraud of which he is the victim; and think that he      really possesses the woman。。。。 If Chretien alone gave to the      charm of the form of a potion; it is in imitation of the      love potion in 〃Tristan〃。  (G。 Paris in 〃Journal des      Savants〃; 1902; p。 446)。  For many other references to the      effect of herb potions; cf。 A。 Hertel; 〃Verzauberte      Oerlichkeiten und Gegenstande in der altfranzosische      erzahlende Dichtung〃; p。 41 ff。 (Hanover; 1908)。 (40) I have pointed out the curious parallel between the      following passage and Dante's 〃Vita Nova〃; 41 (〃Romantic      Review〃; ii。 2)。  There is no certain evidence that Dante      knew Chretien's work (cf。 A。 Farinelli; 〃Dante e la      Francia〃; vol。 i。; p。 16 note); but it would be strange if      he did not know such a distinguished predecessor。 (41) For the legend of Solomon deceived by his wife; see Foerster      〃Cliges〃 (ed。 1910); p。 xxxii。 f。; and G。 Paris in      〃Romania〃; ix。 436…443; and in 〃Journal des Savants〃; 1902;      p。 645 f。  For an additional reference; add 〃Ipomedon〃;      9103。 (42) For an imitation of the following scene; see Hans Herzog in      〃Germania〃; xxxi。 325。 (43) 〃Porz d'Espaingne〃 refers to the passes in the Pyrenees      which formed the entrance…ways to Spain。  Cf。 The 〃Cilician      Gates〃 in Xenophon's 〃Anabasis〃。 (44) Chretien here insists upon his divergence from the famous      dictum attributed to the Countess Marie de Champagne by      Andre le Chapelain: 〃Praeceptum tradit amoris; quod nulla      etiam coniugata regis poterit amoris praemio coronari; nisi      extra coniugii foedera ipsius amoris militae cernatur      adiuneta〃。 (Andreae Capellini; 〃De Amore〃; p。 154; Ed。      Trojel; Havniae; 1892)。



YVAIN or; The Knight with the Lion

(Vv。 1…174。)  Arthur; the good King of Britain; whose prowess teaches us that we; too; should be brave and courteous; held a rich and royal court upon that precious feast…day which is always known by the name of Pentecost。 (1)  The court was at Carduel in Wales。  When the meal was finished; the knights betook themselves whither they were summoned by the ladies; damsels; and maidens。 Some told stories; others spoke of love; of the trials and sorrows; as well as of the great blessings; which often fall to the members of its order; which was rich and flourishing in those days of old。  But now its followers are few; having deserted it almost to a man; so that love is much abased。  For lovers used to deserve to be considered courteous; brave; generous; and honourable。  But now love is a laughing…stock; for those who have no intelligence of it assert that they love; and in that they lie。  Thus they utter a mockery and lie by boasting where they have no right。 (2)  But let us leave those who are still alive; to speak of those of former time。  For; I take it; a courteous man; though dead; is worth more than a living knave。  So it is my pleasure to relate a matter quite worthy of heed concerning the King whose fame was such that men still speak of him far and near; and I agree with the opinion of the Bretons that his name will live on for evermore。  And in connection with him we call to mind those goodly chosen knights who spent themselves for honour's sake。  But upon this day of which I speak; great was their astonishment at seeing the King quit their presence; and there were some who felt chagrined; and who did not mince their words; never before having seen the King; on the occasion of such a feast; enter his own chamber either to sleep or to seek repose。 But this day it came about that the Queen detained him; and he remained so long at her side that he forgot himself and fell asleep。  Outside the chamber door were Dodinel; Sagremor; and Kay; my lord Gawain; my lord Yvain; and with them Calogrenant; a very comely knight; who had begun to tell them a tale; though it was not to his credit; but rather to his shame。  The Queen could hear him as he told his tale; and rising from beside the King; she came upon them so stealthily that before any caught sight of her; she had fallen; as it were; right in their midst。  Calogrenant alone jumped up quickly when he saw her come。  Then Kay; who was very quarrelsome; mean; sarcastic; and abusive; said to him: 〃By the Lord; Calogrenant; I see you are very bold and forward now; and certainly it pleases me to see you the most courteous of us all。  And I know that you are quite persuaded of your own excellence; for that is in keeping with your little sense。  And of course it is natural that my lady should suppose that you surpass us all in courtesy and bravery。  We failed to rise through sloth; forsooth; or because we did not care!  Upon my word; it is not so; my lord; but we did not see my lady until you had risen first。〃  〃Really; Kay;〃 the Queen then says; 〃I think you would burst if you could not pour out the poison of which you are so full。  You are troublesome and mean thus to annoy your companions。〃  〃Lady;〃 says Kay; 〃if we are not better for your company; at least let us not lose by it。  I am not aware that I said anything for which I ought to be accused; and so I pray you say no more。  It is impolite and foolish to keep up a vain dispute。  This argument should go no further; nor should any one try to make more of it。  But since there must be no more high words; command him to continue the tale he had begun。〃  Thereupon Calogrenant prepares to reply in this fashion: 〃My lord; little do I care about the quarrel; which matters little and affects me not。  If you have vented your scorn on me; I shall never be harmed by it。  You have often spoken insultingly; my lord Kay; to braver and better men than I; for you are given to this kind of thing。  The manure…pile will always stink; (3) and gadflies sting; and bees will hum; and so a bore will torment and make a nuisance of himself。  However; with my lady's leave; I'll not continue my tale to…day; and I beg her to say no more about it; and kindly not give me any unwelcome command。〃  〃Lady;〃 says Kay; 〃all those who are here will be in your debt; for they are desirous to hear it out。  Don't do it as a favour to me!  But by the faith you owe the King; your lord and mine; command him to continue; and you will do well。〃  〃Calogrenant;〃 the Queen then says; 〃do not mind the attack of my lord Kay the seneschal。  He is so accustomed to evil speech that one cannot punish him for it。  I command and request you not to be angered because of him; nor should you fail on his account to say something which it will please us all to hear; if you wish to preserve my good…will; pray begin the tale anew。〃  〃Surely; lady; it is a very unwelcome command you lay upon me。  Rather than tell any more of my tale to…day; I would have one eye plucked out; if I did not fear your displeasure。  Yet will I perform your behest; however distasteful it may be。  Then since you will have it so; give heed。  Let your heart and ears be mine。  For words; though heard; are lost unless understood within the heart。  Some men there are who give consent to what they hear but do not understand: these men have the hearing alone。  For the moment the heart fails to understand; the word falls upon the ears simply as the wind that blows; without stopping to tarry there; rather it quickly passes on if the heart is not so awake as to be ready to receive it。  For the heart alone can receive it when it comes along; and shut it up within。 The ears are the path and channel by which the voice can reach the heart; while the heart receives within the bosom the voice which enters through the ear。  Now; whoever will heed my words; must surrender to me his heart and ears; for I am not going to speak of a dream; an idle tale; or lie; with which many another has regaled you; but rather shall I speak of what I saw。

(Vv。 175…268。)  〃It happened seven years ago that; lonely as a countryman; I was making my way in search of adventures; fully armed as a knight should be; when I came upon a road leading off to the right into a thick forest。  The road there was very bad; full of briars and thorns。  In spite of the trouble and inconvenience; I followed the road and path。  Almost the entire day I went thus riding until I emerged from the forest of Broceliande。 (4)  Out from the forest I passed into the open country where I saw a wooden tower at the distance of half a Welsh league: it may have been so far; but it was not anymore。 Proceeding faster than a walk; I drew near and saw the palisade and moat all round it; deep and wide; and standing upon the bridge; with a moulted falcon upon his wrist; I saw the master of the castle。  I had no sooner

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