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four arthurian romances-第75部分

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amsel was approaching; and that she was bringing with her the lion and the knight; whom she was very anxious to meet and know and see。  All clad in his arms; my lord Yvain fell at her feet upon his knees; while Lunete; who was standing by; said to her: 〃Raise him up; lady; and apply all your efforts and strength and skill in procuring that peace and pardon which no one in the world; except you; can secure for him。〃  Then the lady bade him rise; and said: 〃He may dispose of all my power!  I shall be very happy; if possible; to accomplish his wish and his desire。〃  〃Surely; my lady;〃 Lunete replied; 〃I would not say it if it were not true。  But all this is even more possible for you than I have said: but now I will tell you the whole truth; and you shall see: you never had and you never will have such a good friend as this gentleman。  God; whose will it is that there should be unending peace and love between you and him; has caused me to find him this day so near at hand。  In order to test the truth of this; I have only one thing to say: lady; dismiss the grudge you bear him!  For he has no other mistress than you。  This is your husband; my lord Yvain。〃

(Vv。 6759…6776。)  The lady; trembling at these words; replied: 〃God save me!  You have caught me neatly in a trap!  You will make me love; in spite of myself; a man who neither loves nor esteems me。  This is a fine piece of work; and a charming way of serving me!  I would rather endure the winds and the tempests all my life: And if it were not a mean and ugly thing to break one's word; he would never make his peace or be reconciled with me。 This purpose would have always lurked within me; as a fire smoulders in the ashes; but I do not wish to renew it now; nor do I care to refer to it; since I must be reconciled with him。〃

(Vv。 6777…6798。)  My lord Yvain hears and understands that his cause is going well; and that he will be peacefully reconciled with her。  So he says: 〃Lady; one ought to have mercy on a sinner。  I have had to pay; and dearly to pay; for my mad act。  It was madness that made me stay away; and I now admit my guilt and sin。  I have been bold; indeed; in daring to present myself to you; but if you will deign to keep me now; I never again shall do you any wrong。〃  She replied: 〃I will surely consent to that; for if I did not do all I could to establish peace between you and me; I should be guilty of perjury。  So; if you please; I grant your request。〃  〃Lady;〃 says he; 〃so truly as God in this mortal life could not otherwise restore me to happiness; so may the Holy Spirit bless me five hundred times!〃

(Vv。 6799…6813。)  Now my lord Yvain is reconciled; and you may believe that; in spite of the trouble he has endured; he was never so happy for anything。  All has turned out well at last; for he is beloved and treasured by his lady; and she by him。  His troubles no longer are in his mind; for he forgets them all in the joy he feels with his precious wife。  And Lunete; for her part; is happy too: all her desires are satisfied when once she had made an enduring peace between my polite lord Yvain and his sweetheart so dear and so elegant。

(Vv。 6814…6818。)  Thus Chretien concludes his romance of the Knight with the Lion; for I never heard any more told of it; nor will you ever hear any further particulars; unless some one wishes to add some lies。



ENDNOTES: NOTE: Endnotes supplied by Prof。 Foerster are indicated by 〃(F。)〃; all other endnotes are supplied by W。W。 Comfort。

(1)            〃cele feste; qui tant coste;           Qu'an doit clamer la pantecoste。〃      This rhyme is frequently met in mediaeval narrative poems。      (F。) (2)  The contemporary degeneracy of lovers and of the art of love      is a favourite theme of mediaeval poets。 (3)  Cf。 〃Roman de la Rose〃; 9661; for the stinking manure pit。      (F。) (4)  The forest of Broceliande is in Brittany; and in it Chretien      places the marvellous spring of Barenton; of which we read      in the sequel。  In his version the poet forgets that the sea      separates the court at Carduel from the forest of      Broceliande。  His readers; however; probably passed over      this 〃lapsus〃。  The most famous passage relating to this      forest and its spring is found in Wace; 〃Le Roman de Rou et      des dues de Normandie〃; vv。 6395…6420; 2 vols。 (Heilbronn;      1877…79)。  Cf。 further the informing note by W。L。 Holland;      〃Chretien von Troies〃; p。 152 f。 (Tubingen; 1854)。 (5)  This grotesque portrait of the 〃vilain〃 is perfectly      conventional in aristocratic poetry; and is also applied to      some Saracens in the epic poems。  Cf。 W。W。 Comfort in 〃Pub。      of the Modern Language Association of America〃; xxi。 494 f。;      and in 〃The Dublin Review〃; July 1911。 (6)  For the description of the magic fountain; cf。 W。A。 Nitze;      〃The Fountain Defended〃 in 〃Modern Philology〃; vii。 145…164;      G。L。 Hamilton; 〃Storm…making Springs〃; etc。; in 〃Romantic      Review〃; ii。 355…375; A。F。 Grimme in 〃Germania〃; xxxiii。 38;      O。M。 Johnston in 〃Transactions and Proceedings of the      American Philological Association〃; xxxiii。; p。 lxxxiii。 f。 (7)  Eugen Kolbing; 〃Christian von Troyes Yvain und die      Brandanuslegende〃 in 〃Ztsch。 fur vergleichende      Literaturgeschichte〃 (Neue Folge; xi。 Brand; 1897); pp。 442…      448; has pointed out other striking allusions in the Latin      〃Navigatio S。 Brandans〃 (ed。 Wahlund; Upsala; 1900) and      elsewhere in Celtic legend to trees teeming with singing      birds; in which the souls of the blessed are incorporated。       A more general reference to trees; animated by the souls of      the dead; is found in J。G。 Frazer; 〃The Golden Bough〃 (2nd      ed。 1900); vol。 I。; p。 178 f。 (8)  Cf。 A。 Tobler in 〃Ztsch。 fur romanische Philologie〃; iv。 80…      85; who gives many other instances of boasting after meals。       See next note。 (9)  Noradin is the Sultan Nureddin Mahmud (reigned 1146…1173); a      contemporary of the poet; Forre is a legendary Saracen king      of Naples; mentioned in the epic poems (cf。 E。 Langlois;      〃Table des noms propres de toute nature compris dans les      chansons de geste〃; Paris; 1904; Albert Counson; 〃Noms      epiques entres dans le vocabulaire commun〃 in 〃Romanische      Forschungen〃; xxiii。 401…413)。  These names are mentioned      here in connection with the brave exploits which Christian      knights; while in their cups; may boast that they will      accomplish (F。)。  This practice of boasting was called      indulging in 〃gabs〃 (=Eng。 〃gab〃); a good instance of which      will be found in 〃Le Voyage de Charlemagne a Jeruslaem〃 (ed。      Koschwitz); v。 447 ff。 (10) It is evident in this passage that Chretien's version is not      clear; the reader cannot be sure in what sort of an      apartment Yvain is secreted。  The passage is perfectly      clear; however; in the Welsh 〃Owein〃; as shown by A。C。L。      Brown in 〃Romanic Review〃; iii。 143…172; 〃On the Independent      Character of the Welsh ‘Owain'〃; where he argues      convincingly for an original older than either the extant      French of Welsh versions。 (11) The damsel's surprise and fright at the sight of Yvain;      which puzzled Professor Foerster; is satisfactorily      explained by J。 Acher in 〃Ztsch。 fur franzosische Sprache      und Literatur〃; xxxv。 150。 (12) For magic rings; cf。 A。 Hertel; 〃Verzauberte      Oertlichkeiten〃; etc。 (Hanover; 1908); D。B。 Easter; 〃The      Magic Elements in the romans d'aventure and the romans      bretons〃 (Baltimore; 1906)。 (13) Much has been written on the widespread belief that a dead      person's wounds would bleed afresh in the presence of his      murderer。  The passage in our text is interesting as being      the earliest literary reference to the belief。  Other      instances will be found in Shakespear (〃King Richard III。;      Act。 I。; Sc。 2); Cervantes (〃Don Quixote〃); Scott      (〃Ballads〃); and Schiller (〃Braut von Messina〃)。  In the      15th and 16th centuries especially; the bleeding of the dead      became in Italy; Germany; France; and Spain an absolute or      contributory proof of guilt in the eyes of the law。  The      suspected culprit might be subjected to this ordeal as part      of the inquisitional method to determine guilt。  For      theories of the origin of this belief and of its use in      legal trials; as well as for more extended bibliography; cf。      Karl Lehmann in 〃Germanistische Abhandlungen fur Konrad von      Maurer〃 (Gottingen; 1893); pp。 21…45; C。V。 Christensen;      〃Baareproven〃 (Copenhagen; 1900)。 (14) W。L。 Holland in his note for this passage recalls Schiller's      〃Jungfrau von Orleans〃; Act III。 Sc。 7; and Shakespeare;      first part of 〃King Henry IV。〃; Act V。 Sc。 4:           〃When that this body did contain a spirit;           A kingdom for it was too small a bound;           But now two paces of the vilest earth           Is room enough。〃 (15) Foerster regards this excuse for Kay's defeat as ironical。 (16) It is hoped that the following passage may have retained in      the translation some of the gay animation which clothes this      description of a royal entry into a mediaeval town。 (17) This idea forms the dominating motive; it will be recalled;      in 〃Erec et Enide〃 (cf。 note to 〃Erec〃; v。 2576)。 (18) The parallel between Yvain's and Roland's madness will occur      to readers of Ariosto's 〃Orlando Furioso〃; though in the      former case Yvain's madness seems to be rather a retribution      for his failure to keep his promise; while Roland's madness      arises from excess of love。 (19) Argonne is the name of a hilly and well…wooded district in      the north…east of France; lying between the Meuse and the      Aisne。 (20) An allusion to the well…known epic tradition embodied in the      〃Chanson de Roland〃。  It was common for mediaeval poets to      give names to both the horses and the swords of their      heroes。 (21) For the faithful lion in the Latin bestiaries and mediaeval      romances; see the long note of W。L。 Holland; 〃Chretien von      Troies〃 (Tubingen; 1854); p。 161 f。; and G。 Baist in      Zeitschrift fur romanische Philologie; xxi。 402…405。  To the      examples there cited may be added the episodes in 〃Octavian〃      (15th century); published in the 〃Romanische Biblioth

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