pathology of lying-第30部分

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　in　different　ways　in　a　number　of　cases。　　Once　he　succeeded　in　giving　testimony　in　a　notorious　trial。　　His　own　account　of　his　interest　in　the　case　is　shown　in　the　following：

‘‘Doctor；　you　remember　that　X。　boy　and　that　Y。　boy。　Judge　B。　is　going　to　try　them。　　They　are　down　in　the　S　Station　and　they　are　going　to　stay　there　unless　they　sign　a　jury　waiver　and　they　can't　do　that。　　They　are　only　15　years　oldI　got　their　agesit　cost　me　1　to　get　their　ages　and　I　am　going　to　be　there　when　they　are　being　tried。''　　（The　statement　of　the　ages　is　untrue。）　　‘‘It　ain't　right　to　keep　these　boys　down　there。　　They　look　pale。　　They　don't　give　them　anything　but　black　coffee。　　I'm　going　to　represent　them　boys。　　You　know；　doctor；　I'm　working　in　three　places　nowholding　three　jobs。　　Two　days　in　the　week　I　work　for　the　A's；　two　for　Mr。　B。he　ain't　exactly　my　bossand　then　for　myself。　　The　A's　pay　me　6；　Mr。　B。　pays　3；　and　then　I　make　7　or　8　myself　interpreting。　　I'm　saving　it　up　to　go　to　law　school。　　In　three　years　I　graduate。　　They　are　going　to　hold　it　up　against　them　boys；　their　records；　and　I　am　going　to　deny　it。　　It　ain't　right。　　I　was　talking　to　the　detective　that　arrested　X。　and　I　says　to　him；　‘Look　here；　you　took　the　knife。　　What　right　have　they　got　to　take　in　one　fellow　without　the　little　fellow？'　　I　want　to　represent　this　case　myself。''

Adolf　has　worked　for　law　firms　and　aided　at　times　as　an　investigator　of　criminal　and　vice　situations。　　Occasionally　he　has　been　much　worried　about　his　own　court　record。　　He　did　not　want　it　to　stand　against　him。　　He　thought　he　could　get　his　sister　to　swear　that　he　never　quarreled　at　home。　　Shortly　afterwards　he　served　a　short　sentence　for　stealing　from　a　law　firm。　　Later　he　came　in　and　said　he　had　a　job　in　the　legal　department　of　a　large　concern　and　that　he　had　changed　his　name　because　he　believed　his　old　name　was　ruined。　　‘‘I'm　determined　to　be　a　lawyer。　　Ever　since　a　little　fellow　I　have　wanted　to　beever　since　I　have　had　an　understanding　of　what　the　law　means。　　I　used　to　play　court　with　the　other　little　ones　and　talk　about　law。''　　At　this　time　he　wanted　a　little　loan。　　He　had　become　particularly　interested　in　philanthropic　work　and　thought　he　could　do　something　on　the　side　about　thatperhaps　become　a　leader　of　boys；　or　help　the　unprotected　in　some　way。　　Adolf　was　really　employed　now　to　investigate　cases　by　some　lawyer。　　About　this　time　he　had　been　wearing　a　badge；　impersonating　an　officer　of　a　certain　philanthropic　society。

For　long　this　young　man　was　concocting　all　sorts　of　schemes　how　he　might　work　in　at　the　edge　of　legal　affairs；　as　an　interpreter；　a　‘‘next　friend；''　an　investigator；　etc。　　More　recent　activities　have　taken　Adolf　away　from　the　field　of　his　first　ambitions　and　he　has　tried　to　use　his　talents　in　all　sorts　of　adventuresome　ways。　　The　accounts　of　his　lying　and　impostures　belong　logically　together；　as　follows。

During　all　our　acquaintance　with　Adolf　we　have　known　his　word　to　be　absolutely　untrustworthy。　　Many　times　he　has　descended　upon　his　friends　with　quite　unnecessary　stories；　leading　to　nothing　but　a　lowering　of　their　opinion　of　him。　　Repeatedly　his　concoctions　have　been　without　ascertainable　purpose。　　His　prevaricating　nearly　always　centers　about　himself　as　some　sort　of　a　hero　and　represents　him　to　be　a　particularly　good…hearted　and　even　definitely　philanthropic　personone　who　loves　all　creatures　and　does　much　for　others。　　Pages　might　be　taken　in　recounting　his　falsehoods。　　Most　of　them；　even　when　long　drawn　out；　were　fairly　coherent。　　I　remember　one　instance　as　showing　how　particularly　uncalled　for　his　prevarications　were。　　After　hearing　one　of　his　tales；　we　started　downtown　together；　but　missed　a　car。　　Adolf　walked　to　the　middle　of　the　street　and　said　he　could　see　one　coming　just　a　few　blocks　away。　　Being　doubtful；　I　a　minute　later　went　to　look　and　no　car　even　yet　was　in　sight。　　Adolf　sheepishly　stared　in　a　shop　window。　　He　never　took　any　pleasure　in　his　record　of　misdeeds。　　He　was　never　boastful　about　them　and　indeed　seemed　to　have　quite　normal　moral　feeling。　　But　so　far；　none　of　his　perceptions　or　apperceptions　has　led　him　to　see　the　astonishing　futility　of　his　own　lying　and　other　misrepresentations。

Already　this　young　man's　court　experiences　we　know　to　be　very　numerous　and　possibly　we　are　not　acquainted　with　all　of　them。　　Early　we　knew　of　his　forging　letters　and　telegrams　and　engaging　in　minor　misrepresentations　which　were　really　swindling　operations。　　Later　his　transactions　have　been　spread　about　in　different　cities；　as　we　have　already　stated。　　The　young　man　borrowed　small　sums　frequently　on　false　pretenses。　　He　has　found　the　outskirts　of　legal　practice　a　fruitful　field　for　misrepresentations　galore。　　For　instance；　at　one　time　he　stood　outside　the　door　of　a　concern　which　deals　with　small　legal　business　and　represented　to　the　prospective　patrons　that　he　as　a　student　of　the　law　could　transact　their　business　with　more　individual　care　and　for　a　less　sum。　　He　really　succeeded　in　getting　hold　of　the　beginnings　of　a　number　of　legal　actions　in　this　way。　　In　one　city　he　posed　as　the　officer　of　a　certain　protective　agency　and　posted　himself　where　he　would　be　likely　to　meet　people　who　knew　of　this　organization；　in　order　to　obtain　petty　business　from　them。　　We　have　heard　that　he　has　been　a　witness　in　a　number　of　legal　cases　and　has　earned　fees　thereby。　　In　Cleveland　Adolf　succeeded　in　starting　a　secret　service　agency　and　obtained　contracts；　among　them　the　detective　work　for　a　newly　started　store　of　considerable　size。　　This　was　a　great　tribute　to　his　push　and　energy；　but　his　agency　soon　failed。　　In　St。　Louis；　where　he　stayed　long　enough　to　become　acquainted　with　not　a　few　members　of　the　legal　fraternity；　he　forged　a　legal　document。　　A　great　deal　was　made　of　the　case　by　the　papers　because　of　its　flagrancy　and　amusing　details。　　It　seems　Adolf　had　become　enamored　of　a　certain　woman　who　was　not　living　with　her　husband。　　The　account　runs　that　he　urged　his　suit；　but　she　refused　because　she　was　not　legally　free。　　Adolf　replied　that　he　would　make　that　all　right　and　in　a　week　or　two　produced　papers　of　divorce。　　These　were　made　out　in　legal　form；　but　it　seems　that　he　over…stepped　the　mark。　　The　alleged　decree　stated　that　the　fair　divorcee　must　be　remarried　inside　of　a　week。　　This　seems　to　have　aroused　her　suspicion；　as　had　also　some　violence　which　Adolf　had　prematurely　displayed。　　The　young　man　was　duly　sentenced　for　the　fraud。

Concerning　punishments　we　can　say　that　in　the　five　years　since　he　left　New　York　he　has　served　at　least　four　terms　in　penal　institutions　and　has　been　held　to　trial　on　one　other　occasion。　　This　latter　event　concerned　itself　with　Adolf's　impersonating　a　federal　officer。　　He　made　his　way　into　a　home　under　these　conditions；　just　why　we　do　not　know。　　The　case　was　difficult　to　adjust　and　was　dismissed　because　no　statute　exactly　covered　it。

Perhaps　nothing　in　his　remarkable　history　shows　Adolf's　aggressiveness　and　peculiar　tendencies　any　more　than　his　political　career。　　He　had　been　voting　long　before　he　was　of　age　and　had　even　succeeded　in　getting　a　nomination　for　a　certain　party　position　during　his　minority；　polling　a　considerable　vote　at　the　primaries。　　Following　his　defeat　at　election；　which　was　at　the　time　when　the　new　party　showed　marked　weakness；　Adolf　told　us　that　he；　after　all；　was　only　in　the　Progressive　Party　to　wreck　it。　　He　felt　that　the　leaders　belonged　back　in　the　Republican　ranks；　and　he　thought　he　could　help　to　get　them　there。

…　　　　Mentality：　Subnormal　verbalist　type。　　　　　　　　　Case　12。　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　Man；　21　years。　　　　　　　　　　　　　　Developmental：　Early　illness　with　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　involvement　of　nervous　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　system。　　　　　　　Delinquencies：　　　　　　　　　　　　Lying　excessive。　　　　　Swindling。　　　　　　Stealing。　…




CHAPTER　IV

CASES　OF　PATHOLOGICAL　ACCUSATION

We　include　in　this　chapter　pathological　self…accusation　as　well　as　incrimination　of　others。　　In　court　work　one　sees　many　cases　of　false　accusation；　but　few　belong　to　the　pathological　variety。　　We　have　not　considered　those　based　upon　vindictiveness；　or　self…defense；　or　where　any　other　even　slight；　recognizable；　normal　gratification　was　at　the　bottom。　　We　have　tried　to　hold　strictly　to　our　definition。　　Selection　of　the　cases　for　this　chapter　has　been　easier　than　discriminating　those　who　are　merely　pathological　liars　in　general。　　It　is　simpler　to　distinguish　those　who　accuse　others　for　the　purpose　of　injury　or　self…protection；　or　those　who　make　self…accusation　under　the　influence　of　delusional　conditions；　than　it　is　to　decide　upon　similar　distinctions　in　cases　of　mere　pathological　lying。　　Several　authors；　such　as　Gross；　have　noted　false　accusations　made　during　a　short　period　of　early　adolescence；　or　in　connection　with　menstrual　disturbance。　　Our　cases　corroborate　these　facts；　but　show　also　that　extreme　false　accusations　may　be　made　by　girls　BEFORE　puberty。　　Satisfactory　knowledge　of　such　cases　is　not　gained　by　learning　merely　that　the　accuser　is　under　temporary　physical　stressit　is　to　be　noted　that　our　material　clearly　shows　that　there　is　always　more　in　the　background。

The　many　cases　observed　by　us　of　false　accusations　made；　rarely；　by　the　feebleminded　and；　more　often；　by　those　suffering　from　a　psychosis；　need　not　be　mentioned　herethey　are　obvious　in　their　abnormality　and　have　little　bearing　upon　our　immediate　problem。

For　the　sake　of　illustration　of　the　fact　of　pathological　accusation　Case　17　is　given　in　this　chapter；　but　in　its　mental　aspects　it　belongs　more　properly　under　the　head　of　border…line　cases。　　In　our　final　deductions　this　has　not　been　counted　as　a　mentally　normal　case。


CASE　13

Summary：　　An　exceedingly　important　case　from　a　legal　standpoint。　　A　girl　of　16　years　persistently；　but　falsely　accused　her　own　mother　and　her　step…father　of　the　murder　of　the　youngest　child　of　the　family。　　Some　apparent　physical　corroboration　was　found。　　The　woman　and　her　spouse　were　held　from　the　inquest　to　the　grand　jury　and　later　were　indicted。　　They　were　in　jail　for　four　months　until　the　case　was　finally　tried；　when　they　were　discharged。


We　studied　Libby　S。　as　a　delinquent　some　eight　months　after　her　mother　and　step