hesiod, the homeric hymns, and homerica-第12部分
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sheep and for reaping the kindly fruits； but the twelfth is much better than the eleventh； for on it the airy…swinging spider spins its web in full day； and then the Wise One （42）； gathers her pile。 On that day woman should set up her loom and get forward with her work。
（ll。 780…781） Avoid the thirteenth of the waxing month for beginning to sow： yet it is the best day for setting plants。
（ll。 782…789） The sixth of the mid…month is very unfavourable for plants； but is good for the birth of males； though unfavourable for a girl either to be born at all or to be married。 Nor is the first sixth a fit day for a girl to be born； but a kindly for gelding kids and sheep and for fencing in a sheep…cote。 It is favourable for the birth of a boy； but such will be fond of sharp speech； lies； and cunning words； and stealthy converse。
（ll。 790…791） On the eighth of the month geld the boar and loud… bellowing bull； but hard…working mules on the twelfth。
（ll。 792…799） On the great twentieth； in full day； a wise man should be born。 Such an one is very sound…witted。 The tenth is favourable for a male to be born； but； for a girl； the fourth day of the mid…month。 On that day tame sheep and shambling； horned oxen； and the sharp…fanged dog and hardy mules to the touch of the hand。 But take care to avoid troubles which eat out the heart on the fourth of the beginning and ending of the month； it is a day very fraught with fate。
（ll。 800…801） On the fourth of the month bring home your bride； but choose the omens which are best for this business。
（ll。 802…804） Avoid fifth days： they are unkindly and terrible。 On a fifth day； they say； the Erinyes assisted at the birth of Horcus （Oath） whom Eris （Strife） bare to trouble the forsworn。
（ll。 805…809） Look about you very carefully and throw out Demeter's holy grain upon the well…rolled （43） threshing floor on the seventh of the mid…month。 Let the woodman cut beams for house building and plenty of ships' timbers； such as are suitable for ships。 On the fourth day begin to build narrow ships。
（ll。 810…813） The ninth of the mid…month improves towards evening； but the first ninth of all is quite harmless for men。 It is a good day on which to beget or to be born both for a male and a female： it is never an wholly evil day。
（ll。 814…818） Again； few know that the twenty…seventh of the month is best for opening a wine…jar； and putting yokes on the necks of oxen and mules and swift…footed horses； and for hauling a swift ship of many thwarts down to the sparkling sea； few call it by its right name。
（ll。 819…821） On the fourth day open a jar。 The fourth of the mid…month is a day holy above all。 And again； few men know that the fourth day after the twentieth is best while it is morning： towards evening it is less good。
（ll。 822…828） These days are a great blessing to men on earth； but the rest are changeable； luckless； and bring nothing。 Everyone praises a different day but few know their nature。 Sometimes a day is a stepmother； sometimes a mother。 That man is happy and lucky in them who knows all these things and does his work without offending the deathless gods； who discerns the omens of birds and avoids transgressions。
ENDNOTES：
（1） That is； the poor man's fare； like ‘bread and cheese'。 （2） The All…endowed。 （3） The jar or casket contained the gifts of the gods mentioned in l。82。 （4） Eustathius refers to Hesiod as stating that men sprung ‘from oaks and stones and ashtrees'。 Proclus believed that the Nymphs called Meliae （〃Theogony〃； 187） are intended。 Goettling would render： ‘A race terrible because of their （ashen） spears。' （5） Preserved only by Proclus； from whom some inferior MSS。 have copied the verse。 The four following lines occur only in Geneva Papyri No。 94。 For the restoration of ll。 169b…c see 〃Class。 Quart。〃 vii。 219…220。 （NOTE： Mr。 Evelyn…White means that the version quoted by Proclus stops at this point； then picks up at l。 170。 DBK）。 （6） i。e。 the race will so degenerate that at the last even a new…born child will show the marks of old age。 （7） Aidos； as a quality； is that feeling of reverence or shame which restrains men from wrong： Nemesis is the feeling of righteous indignation aroused especially by the sight of the wicked in undeserved prosperity （cf。 〃Psalms〃； lxxii。 1…19）。 （8） The alternative version is： ‘and； working； you will be much better loved both by gods and men； for they greatly dislike the idle。' （9） i。e。 neighbours come at once and without making preparations； but kinsmen by marriage （who live at a distance） have to prepare； and so are long in coming。 （10） Early in May。 （11） In November。 （12） In October。 （13） For pounding corn。 （14） A mallet for breaking clods after ploughing。 （15） The loaf is a flattish cake with two intersecting lines scored on its upper surface which divide it into four equal parts。 （16） The meaning is obscure。 A scholiast renders ‘giving eight mouthfulls'； but the elder Philostratus uses the word in contrast to ‘leavened'。 （17） About the middle of November。 （18） Spring is so described because the buds have not yet cast their iron…grey husks。 （19） In December。 （20） In March。 （21） The latter part of January and earlier part of February。 （22） i。e。 the octopus or cuttle。 （23） i。e。 the darker…skinned people of Africa； the Egyptians or Aethiopians。 （24） i。e。 an old man walking with a staff （the ‘third leg' as in the riddle of the Sphinx）。 （25） February to March。 （26） i。e。 the snail。 The season is the middle of May。 （27） In June。 （28） July。 （29） i。e。 a robber。 （30） September。 （31） The end of October。 （32） That is； the succession of stars which make up the full year。 （33） The end of October or beginning of November。 （34） July…August。 （35） i。e。 untimely； premature。 Juvenal similarly speaks of ‘cruda senectus' （caused by gluttony）。 （36） The thought is parallel to that of ‘O； what a goodly outside falsehood hath。' （37） The ‘common feast' is one to which all present subscribe。 Theognis （line 495） says that one of the chief pleasures of a banquet is the general conversation。 Hence the present passage means that such a feast naturally costs little； while the many present will make pleasurable conversation。 （38） i。e。 ‘do not cut your finger…nails'。 （39） i。e。 things which it would be sacrilege to disturb； such as tombs。 （40） H。G。 Evelyn…White prefers to switch ll。 768 and 769； reading l。 769 first then l。 768。 DBK （41） The month is divided into three periods； the waxing； the mid…month； and the waning； which answer to the phases of the moon。 （42） i。e。 the ant。 （43） Such seems to be the meaning here； though the epithet is otherwise rendered ‘well…rounded'。 Corn was threshed by means of a sleigh with two runners having three or four rollers between them； like the modern Egyptian 〃nurag〃。
THE DIVINATION BY BIRDS （fragments）
Proclus on Works and Days； 828： Some make the 〃Divination by Birds〃； which Apollonius of Rhodes rejects as spurious； follow this verse （〃Works and Days〃； 828）。
THE ASTRONOMY （fragments）
Fragment #1 Athenaeus xi； p。 491 d： And the author of 〃The Astronomy〃； which is attributed forsooth to Hesiod； always calls them （the Pleiades） Peleiades： ‘but mortals call them Peleiades'； and again； ‘the stormy Peleiades go down'； and again； ‘then the Peleiades hide away。。。。'
Scholiast on Pindar； Nem。 ii。 16： The Pleiades。。。。 whose stars are these： ‘Lovely Teygata； and dark…faced Electra； and Alcyone； and bright Asterope； and Celaeno； and Maia； and Merope； whom glorious Atlas begot。。。。' （（LACUNA）） ‘In the mountains of Cyllene she （Maia） bare Hermes； the herald of the gods。'
Fragment #2 Scholiast on Aratus 254： But Zeus made them （the sisters of Hyas） into the stars which are called Hyades。 Hesiod in his Book about Stars tells us their names as follows： ‘Nymphs like the Graces （1）； Phaesyle and Coronis and rich…crowned Cleeia and lovely Phaco and long…robed Eudora； whom the tribes of men upon the earth call Hyades。'
Fragment #3 Pseudo…Eratosthenes Catast。 frag。 1： （2） The Great Bear。＇ Hesiod says she （Callisto） was the daughter of Lycaon and lived in Arcadia。 She chose to occupy herself with wild…beasts in the mountains together with Artemis； and； when she was seduced by Zeus； continued some time undetected by the goddess； but afterwards； when she was already with child； was seen by her bathing and so discovered。 Upon this； the goddess was enraged and changed her into a beast。 Thus she became a bear and gave birth to a son called Arcas。 But while she was in the mountains； she was hunted by some goat…herds and given up with her babe to Lycaon。 Some while after； she thought fit to go into the forbidden precinct of Zeus； not knowing the law； and being pursued by her own son and the Arcadians； was about to be killed because of the said law； but Zeus delivered her because of her connection with him and put her among the stars； giving her the name Bear because of the misfortune which had befallen her。
Comm。 Supplem。 on Aratus； p。 547 M。 8： Of Bootes； also called the Bear…warden。 The story goes that he is Arcas the son of Callisto and Zeus； and he lived in the country about Lycaeum。 After Zeus had seduced Callisto； Lycaon； pretending not to know of the matter； entertained Zeus； as Hesiod says； and set before him on the table the babe which he had cut up。
Fragment #4 Pseudo…Eratosthenes； Catast。 fr。 xxxii： Orion。＇ Hesiod says that he was the son of Euryale； the daughter of Minos； and of Poseidon； and that there was given him as a gift the power of walking upon the waves as though upon land。 When he was come to Chios； be outraged Merope； the daughter of Oenopion； being drunken； but Oenopion when he learned of it was greatly vexed at the outrage and blinded him and cast him out of the country。 Then he came to Lemnos as a beggar and there met Hephaestus who took pity on him and gave him Cedalion his own servant to guide him。 So Orion took Cedalion upon his shoulders and used to carry him about while he pointed out the roads。 Then he came to the east and appears to have met Helius （th
