history of the impeachment of andrew johnson-第19部分

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　to　vote；　and　from　the　consideration　mentioned。　I　was　totally　unaware　of　my　name　being　recorded　as　voting　on　the　proposition　until　long　after　I　left　the　Senate；　when　of　course　there　was　no　opportunity　to　secure　　a　correction　of　the　journal。）

This　was　an　extraordinary　proceeding。　A　proposition　to　impeach　the　President　had　till　recently　been　pending　in　the　House　for　nearly　a　year；　and　the　ingenuity　of　the　majority　had　been　taxed　to　the　utmost　to　find　some　basis　for　an　indictment　upon　which　a　successful　impeachment　might　be　possible。　There　is　ground　for　the　suggestion　that　much　was　hoped　for　in　that　direction　from　the　Tenure…of…Office　Bill；　at　least　so　far　as　the　House　was　concerned。　That　hoped　for　opportunity　had　now　comenor　is　it　an　unreasonable　surmise；　that　this　very　extraordinary　action　of　the　Senate　was　forced　by　outside　as　well　as　inside　influences　for　the　purpose　of　testing　the　Senate；　and　committing　it　in　advance　and　in　anticipation　of　the　preferment　of　another　impeachment　by　the　House。

As　to　the　question　of　the　guilt　or　innocence　of　the　President　of　the　commission　of　an　impeachable　offense；　this　vote　of　the　Senate　was　in　the　nature　of　a　vote　of　〃guilty。〃　It　was　therefore　to　a　degree　an　impeachment　and　conviction　combined　by　the　Senate；　prior　to　the　bringing　of　an　accusation　by　the　House　of　Representatives；　the　constitutional　body　for　the　preferment　of　an　impeachment　of　the　Presidentand　was　an　improper；　and　not　far　removed　from　an　indecent　proceeding　on　the　part　of　the　Senate。　In　effect；　the　President　was　thereby　condemned　by　the　Senate　without　trial；　and　his　later　arraignment　was　simply　to　receive　sentence…it　being　solely　upon　the　removal　of　Mr。　Stanton　that　the　impeachment　was　brought　by　the　House。

It　is　noticeable；　and　possibly　indicative；　that　the　names　of　twenty　out　of　fifty…four　members　of　the　Senate　do　not　appear　in　this　lista　very　unusual　occurrence　in　divisions　of　that　body；　especially　in　the　exciting　conditions　that　then　prevailed。　The　absentees；　or　at　least　abstentions　from　voting；　were　fifteen　Republicans　and　five　Democrats；　more　than　one…third　of　the　body。　That　very　unusual　absence　or　abstention　from　voting　may　well　be　attributed　to　the　very　proper　hesitancy　of　Senators　to　commit　themselves　in　advance；　either　way；　on　a　proposition　that　was　reasonably　certain　to　lead　to　an　impeachment　of　the　President；　then　virtually　pending　and　imminent　in　the　House；　and　upon　which　the　Senate　was　equally　certain　to　be　called　upon　to　act。

The　action　of　the　President　was　also　communicated　to　the　House　of　Representatives　by　Mr。　Stanton；　at　the　same　hour　of　the　same　day；　February　21st；　1868；　in　the　following　communication；　enclosing　a　copy　of　the　President's　notification　of　his　dismissal。

War　Department；　Washington　City；　Feb。　21；　1868。

Sir：Gen。　Thomas　has　just　delivered　to　me　a　copy　of　the　enclosed　order；　which　you　will　please　communicate　to　the　House　of　Representatives。

（Signed）　E。　M。　Stanton；　Secretary　of　War。　Hon。　Schuyler　Colfax；　Speaker　House　of　Representatives。


This　gave　new　life　to　the　impeachment　cause；　which　had　a　few　weeks　before　been　defeated　in　the　House　and　since　then　had；　for　lack　of　material；　been　laming；　to　the　discouragement　of　many　of　its　advocates：　and　the　gleeful　ejaculations；　on　the　floor　of　the　House；　in　the　lobbies；　and　on　the　streets；　on　receipt　of　this　news；　and　more　especially　after　the　action　of　the　Senate　became　known；　which　was　not　long　in　reaching　the　public；　with　a　common　greeting　slid　clasping　of　hands：　〃Well；　we've　got　him　now！〃

The　communication　of　Mr。　Stanton　to　the　House　of　Representatives　was　immediately；　after　reading；　referred　to　the　Committee　on　Reconstruction。

In　the　evening　of　the　same　day；　Mr。　Covode；　of　Pennsylvania；　offered　a　resolution　to　impeach　the　President；　which　was　also　referred　to　the　same　Committee。

On　the　next　day；　Feb。　22d；　1868；　Mr。　Stevens；　Chairman　of　that　Committee；　made　the　following　report：

The　Committee　on　Reconstruction；　to　whom　was　referred；　on　the　27th　day　of　January　last；　the　following　resolution：

〃Resolved；　That　the　Committee　on　Reconstruction　be　authorized　to　inquire　what　combinations　have　been　made　or　attempted　to　be　made　to　obstruct　the　due　execution　of　the　laws；　and　to　that　end　the　committee　have　power　to　send　for　persons　and　papers　and　to　examine　witnesses　oil　oath；　and　report　to　this　House　what　action。　if　any；　they　may　deem　necessary；　and　that　said　committee　bade　leave　to　report　at　any　time。〃

And　to　whom　was　also　referred；　on　the　21st　day　of　February；　instant；　a　communication　from　Hon。　Edwin　M。　Stanton；　Secretary　of　War；　dated　on　said　21st　day　of　February；　together　with　a　copy　of　a　letter　from　Andrew　Johnson；　President　of　the　United　States；　to　the　said　Edwin　M。　Stanton；　as　follows：

Executive　Mansion；　Washington。　D。　C。；　Feb。　21；　1868。

Sir：…By　virtue　of　the　power　and　authority　vested　in　me；　as　President；　by　the　Constitution　and　laws　of　the　United　States；　you　are　hereby　removed　from　office　as　Secretary　for　the　Department　of　War；　and　your　functions　as　such　will　terminate　upon　the　receipt　of　this　communication。

You　will　transfer　to　Brevet　Major　General　Lorenzo　Thomas；　Adjutant　General　of　the　Army；　who　has　this　day　been　authorized　and　empowered　to　act　as　Secretary　of　War　ad　interim；　all　records；　books；　papers；　and　other　public　property　now　in　your　custody　and　charge。

Respectfully　yours。　Andrew　Johnson。　Hon。　Edwin　M。　Stanton；　Washington；　D。　C。


And　to　whom　was　also　referred　by　the　House　of　Representatives　the　following　resolution；　namely：

〃Resolved；　That　Andrew　Johnson；　President　of　the　United　States；　be　impeached　of　high　crimes　and　misdemeanors。〃

Have　considered　the　several　subjects　referred　to　them；　and　submit　the　following　report：

That　in　addition　to　the　papers　referred　to　the　committee；　the　committee　find　that　the　President；　on　the　21st　day　of　February；　1868；　signed　and　issued　a　commission　or　letter　of　authority　to　one　Lorenzo　Thomas；　directing　and　authorizing　said　Thomas　to　act　as　Secretary　of　War　ad　interim；　and　to　take　possession　of　the　books；　records；　and　papers；　and　other　public　property　in　the　War　Department；　of　which　the　following　is　a　copy：

Executive　Mansion；　Washington；　Feb。　21；　1868。

Sir：Hon。　Edwin　M。　Stanton　having　been　this　day　removed　from　office　as　Secretary　for　the　Department　of　War；　you　are　hereby　authorized　and　empowered　to　act　as　Secretary　of　War　ad　interim；　and　will　immediately　enter　upon　the　discharge　of　the　duties　pertaining　to　that　office。　Mr。　Stanton　has　been　instructed　to　transfer　to　you　all　the　records；　books；　papers；　and　other　public　property　now　in　his　custody　and　charge。

Respectfully　yours；　Andrew　Johnson。

To　Brevet　Major　General　Lorenzo　Thomas；　Adjutant　General　of　the　United　States　Army。　Washington；　District　of　Columbia。

Official　copy　respectfully　furnished　to　Hon。　Edwin　M。　Stanton。

L。　Thomas。　Secretary　of　War　ad　interim。


Upon　the　evidence　collected　by　the　committee；　which　is　herewith　presented；　and　in　virtue　of　the　powers　with　which　they　have　been　invested　by　the　House；　they　are　of　the　opinion　that　Andrew　Johnson；　President　of　the　United　States；　be　impeached　of　high　crimes　and　misdemeanors。　They　therefore　recommend　to　the　House　the　adoption　of　the　accompanying　resolution。　Thaddeus　Stevens；　George　S。Boutwell；　John　A。　Bingham；　C。　T。　Hulburd；　John　F。　Farnsworth；　F。　C。　Beaman；　H。　E。　Paine。


Resolution　providing　for　the　impeachment　of　Andrew　Johnson；　President　of　the　United　States。

Resolved；　That　Andrew　Johnson；　President　of　the　United　States；　be　impeached　of　high　crimes　and　misdemeanors　in　office。

The　following　is　a　brief　synopsisof　the　debate　which　ensued：　Mr。　Stevens；　of　Pennsylvania。　Mr。　Speaker；　it　is　not　my　intention　in　the　first　instance　to　discuss　this　question；　and　if　there　be　no　desire　on　the　other　side　to　discuss　it　we　are　willing　that　the　question　should　be　taken　upon　the　knowledge　which　the　House　already　has。　Indeed；　the　fact　of　removing　a　man　from　office　while　the　Senate　was　in　session　without　the　consent　of　the　Senate；　if　there　were　nothing　else；　is　of　itself；　and　always　has　been　considered；　a　high　crime　and　misdemeanor；　and　was　never　before　p　racticed。　But　I　will　not　discuss　this　question　unless　gentlemen　on　the　other　side　desire　to　discuss　it。　It　they　do；　I　shall　for　the　present　give　way　to　them　and　say　what　I　have　to　say　in　conclusion。

Mr。　Brooke；　（Dem。　of　N。　Y。）　Mr。　Speaker；　I　had　hoped　to　have　an　opportunity；　at　least；　to　submit　a　minority　report　before　we　entered　upon　this　august　proceeding　of　impeaching　the　chief　executive　officer　of　this　Government。　Bat　after　a　session　of　the　Committee　on　Reconstruction；　hardly　an　hour　in　length；　violating　an　express　rule　of　this　House　by　sitting　during　the　session…for　Rule　72　provides　that　no　committee　shall　sit　during　the　session　of　the　House　without　special　leave…we　have　been　summoned　upon　a　very　partial　submission　of　facts；　without　any　comprehension；　in　reality；　of　the　charges　which　are　made　against　the　President　of　they　United　States；　upon　a　new　indictment；　in　a　new　form　once　more；　and　in　a　more　alarming　manner　than　ever；　in　this　but　a　partial　Congress；　representing　but　a　section　of　a　portion　of　the　people…in　my　judgment　not　representing　the　people　of　the　United　States　at　allto　act　as　a　grand　jury；　with　a　large　portion　of　that　grand　jury　excluded　from　the　juryroom　here；　and　suddenly；　impromptu　perhaps；　a　vote　is　to　be　forced　this　very　day…to　impeach　the　President　of　the　United　States！

I　am　utterly　inadequate　to　discharge　the　duty　which　has　devolved　upon　me　on　this　august　day；　the　anniversary　of　the　birthday　of　the　Father　of　his　country。　I　am　utterly　unable　upon　this　occasion　either　to　do　my　duty　to　the　people　or　to　express　myself　with　that　deep　solemnity　which　I　feel　in　rising　to　resist　this　untoward；　this　unholy；　this　unconstitutional　proceeding。　Indeed；　I　know　not　why　the　ghost　of　impeachment　hag　appeared　here　in　a　new　form。　We　have　attempted　to　lay　it　hitherto；　and　we　have　successfully　laid　it。　upon　the　floor　of　this　House。　But　a　minority　of　the　party　on　the　other　side；　forcing　its　influence　and　its　power　upon　a　majority　of　a　committee　of　this　House；　has　at　last　succeeded　in　compelling　its　party　to　approach　the　House　itself　in　a　united；　and　therefore　in　a　more　solemn　form；　and　to