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This¡¡clause¡¡had¡¡been¡¡very¡¡effectually¡¡disposed¡¡of¡¡by¡¡Messrs¡£¡¡Sherman¡¡and¡¡Howe¡¡several¡¡days¡¡before¡¡the¡¡vote¡¡was¡¡taken¡¡on¡¡the¡¡Eleventh¡¡Article£»¡¡when¡¡they¡¡pointed¡¡out¡¡the¡¡fact¡¡that¡¡the¡¡language¡¡¡¡cage¡¡of¡¡the¡¡first¡¡section¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Tenure¡of¡Office¡¡Act¡¡clearly¡¡excepted£»¡¡and¡¡was¡¡intended¡¡by¡¡the¡¡Senate£»¡¡to¡¡except¡¡Mr¡£¡¡Stanton¡¡and¡¡all¡¡other¡¡persons¡¡then¡¡in¡¡Mr¡£¡¡Johnson's¡¡Cabinet¡¡who¡¡had¡¡been¡¡originally¡¡appointed¡¡by¡¡Mr¡£¡¡Lincoln¡¡and¡¡were¡¡still¡¡holding¡¡over¡¡under¡¡Mr¡£¡¡Johnson¡¡without¡¡having¡¡been¡¡recommissioned¡¡by¡¡him£»¡¡and¡¡that¡¡Mr¡£¡¡Johnson¡¡had¡¡therefore¡¡the¡¡legal¡¡right¡¡and¡¡power¡¡to¡¡remove¡¡them¡¡at¡¡his¡¡pleasure¡£
And¡¡so¡¡convincing¡¡had¡¡been¡¡the¡¡argument¡¡of¡¡those¡¡gentlemen¡¡at¡¡that¡¡time£»¡¡that¡¡there¡¡was¡¡unanimous¡¡consent¡¡on¡¡the¡¡pro¡¡¡impeachment¡¡side¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Senate£»¡¡on¡¡two¡¡different¡¡occasions£»¡¡to¡¡set¡¡aside¡¡the¡¡First¡¡Article£»¡¡of¡¡which¡¡the¡¡alleged¡¡unlawful¡¡attempt¡¡to¡¡remove¡¡Mr¡£¡¡Stanton¡¡was¡¡practically¡¡the¡¡principal¡¡accusation¡£¡¡Not¡¡illogically£»¡¡that¡¡unanimous¡¡consent¡¡to¡¡abandon¡¡the¡¡First¡¡article¡¡by¡¡thus¡¡setting¡¡it¡¡aside£»¡¡and¡¡afterwards¡¡refusing¡¡to¡¡put¡¡it¡¡to¡¡a¡¡vote£»¡¡may¡¡be¡¡said¡¡to¡¡have¡¡been¡¡equivalent¡¡to¡¡a¡¡vote¡¡of¡¡its¡¡insufficiency¡£
It¡¡is¡¡pertinent¡¡to¡¡suggest¡¡here¡¡that¡¡the¡¡President¡¡believed¡¡the¡¡Tenure¡of¡Office¡¡Act¡¡to¡¡be¡¡unconstitutional£»¡¡as¡¡it¡¡was¡¡clearly¡¡an¡¡attempted¡¡abridgment¡¡of¡¡his¡¡power¡¡over¡¡his¡¡Cabinet¡¡which¡¡had¡¡never¡¡before¡¡been¡¡questioned¡¡by¡¡Congress¡£¡¡The¡¡only¡¡method¡¡left¡¡him¡¡for¡¡the¡¡determination¡¡of¡¡that¡¡question¡¡was¡¡in¡¡the¡¡course¡¡he¡¡took£»¡¡except¡¡by¡¡an¡¡agreed¡¡case£»¡¡but¡¡it¡¡is¡¡manifest¡¡from¡¡the¡¡record¡¡that¡¡no¡¡such¡¡agreement¡¡could¡¡be¡¡had£»¡¡as¡¡an¡¡effort¡¡thereto¡¡was¡¡made¡¡in¡¡the¡¡Thomas¡¡case¡¡in¡¡the¡¡District¡¡Court£»¡¡but¡¡failed£»¡¡the¡¡prosecution¡¡withdrawing¡¡the¡¡case¡¡at¡¡the¡¡point¡¡where¡¡that¡¡purpose¡¡of¡¡the¡¡President¡¡became¡¡manifest¡£
The¡¡third¡¡count¡¡was£º
Attempting¡¡to¡¡prevent¡¡the¡¡execution¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Army¡¡appropriation¡¡Act¡¡of¡¡March¡¡2nd£»¡¡1867¡£
The¡¡means¡¡specified¡¡in¡¡this¡¡alleged¡¡attempt¡¡was¡¡the¡¡appointment¡¡of¡¡Mr¡£¡¡Edward¡¡Cooper¡¡to¡¡be¡¡Assistant¡¡Secretary¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Treasury£»¡¡with¡¡power¡¡to¡¡draw¡¡warrants¡¡on¡¡the¡¡Treasury¡¡without¡¡the¡¡consent¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Secretarythe¡¡purpose¡¡being¡¡to¡¡show¡¡that£»¡¡with¡¡General¡¡Thomas¡¡acting¡¡as¡¡Secretary¡¡of¡¡War£»¡¡and¡¡Mr¡£¡¡Cooper¡¡as¡¡Assistant¡¡Secretary¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Treasury¡¡to¡¡honor¡¡General¡¡Thomas'¡¡drafts£»¡¡and¡¡thus£»¡¡in¡¡control¡¡of¡¡expenditures¡¡for¡¡the¡¡support¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Army£»¡¡a¡¡conspiracy¡¡was¡¡sought¡¡to¡¡be¡¡proven¡¡whereby¡¡the¡¡President¡¡intended¡¡and¡¡expected¡¡to¡¡defeat¡¡the¡¡Reconstruction¡¡Acts¡¡of¡¡Congress¡¡by¡¡preventing¡¡the¡¡use¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Army¡¡for¡¡its¡¡enforcement¡£
Mr¡£¡¡Johnson£»¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Court£»¡¡asked¡¡this¡¡question£º
The¡¡Managers¡¡are¡¡requested¡¡to¡¡say¡¡whether¡¡they¡¡propose¡¡to¡¡show¡¡whether¡¡Mr¡£¡¡Cooper¡¡was¡¡appointed¡¡by¡¡the¡¡President¡¡in¡¡November£»¡¡1867£»¡¡as¡¡a¡¡means¡¡to¡¡obtain¡¡unlawful¡¡possession¡¡of¡¡the¡¡public¡¡money£»¡¡other¡¡than¡¡by¡¡the¡¡fact¡¡of¡¡the¡¡appointment¡¡itself£¿
Mr¡£¡¡Manager¡¡Butler¡¡answered£º
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Mr¡£¡¡Butler¡¡read¡¡the¡¡law¡¡on¡¡this¡¡subject£»¡¡passed¡¡March¡¡2nd£»¡¡1867£»¡¡as¡¡follows£º
That¡¡the¡¡Secretary¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Treasury¡¡shall¡¡have¡¡power£»¡¡by¡¡appointment¡¡under¡¡his¡¡hand¡¡and¡¡official¡¡seal£»¡¡to¡¡delegate¡¡to¡¡one¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Assistant¡¡Secretaries¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Treasury¡¡authority¡¡to¡¡sign¡¡in¡¡his¡¡stead¡¡all¡¡warrants¡¡for¡¡the¡¡payment¡¡of¡¡money¡¡into¡¡the¡¡public¡¡Treasury¡¡and¡¡all¡¡warrants¡¡for¡¡the¡¡disbursments¡¡from¡¡the¡¡public¡¡Treasury¡¡of¡¡money¡¡certified¡¡by¡¡the¡¡accounting¡¡officers¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Treasury¡¡to¡¡be¡¡due¡¡upon¡¡accounts¡¡duly¡¡audited¡¡and¡¡settle¡¡by¡¡them£»¡¡and¡¡such¡¡warrants¡¡signed¡¡shall¡¡be¡¡in¡¡all¡¡cases¡¡of¡¡the¡¡same¡¡validity¡¡as¡¡if¡¡they¡¡had¡¡been¡¡signed¡¡by¡¡the¡¡Secretary¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Treasury¡¡himself¡£
Mr¡£¡¡William¡¡E¡£¡¡Chandler£»¡¡who¡¡had¡¡been¡¡Assistant¡¡Secretary¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Treasury£»¡¡was¡¡on¡¡the¡¡witness¡¡stand£»¡¡called¡¡by¡¡the¡¡prosecution¡£¡¡Mr¡£¡¡Butler¡¡asked¡¡whether¡¡it¡¡was¡¡the¡¡practice¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Assistant¡¡Secretary¡¡to¡¡act¡¡as¡¡Secretary¡¡in¡¡case¡¡of¡¡removal¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Secretary¡£
Answer£º¡¡I¡¡am¡¡not¡¡certain¡¡that¡¡it¡¡is£»¡¡without¡¡his¡¡appointment¡¡as¡¡Acting¡¡Secretary¡¡by¡¡the¡¡President¡£
Mr¡£¡¡Fessenden£»¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Court£»¡¡propounded¡¡this¡¡interrogatory£¿
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2ndHas¡¡any¡¡Assistant¡¡Secretary¡¡been¡¡authorized¡¡to¡¡sign¡¡any¡¡warrants¡¡except¡¡such¡¡as¡¡are¡¡specified¡¡in¡¡the¡¡Act£¿
The¡¡witness¡¡answered¡¡as¡¡to¡¡the¡¡first£º
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These¡¡answers¡¡to¡¡tire¡¡interrogatories¡¡seemed¡¡to¡¡prove¡¡the¡¡reverse¡¡of¡¡what¡¡the¡¡Prosecution¡¡had¡¡expected¡£¡¡The¡¡accusation¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Third¡¡count¡¡was¡¡not¡¡sustained¡£
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There¡¡was£»¡¡therefore£»¡¡no¡¡force¡¡and¡¡little¡¡coherency¡¡in¡¡the¡¡Eleventh¡¡Article¡£¡¡It¡¡fell¡¡of¡¡its¡¡own¡¡weight¡£¡¡Every¡¡one¡¡of¡¡its¡¡several¡¡averments¡¡had¡¡been¡¡disproven£»¡¡or¡¡at¡¡least¡¡not¡¡proven¡£¡¡It¡¡was¡¡to¡¡a¡¡good¡¡degree¡¡a¡¡summing¡¡upan¡¡aggregation£»¡¡of¡¡the¡¡entire¡¡bill¡¡of¡¡indictment¡¡on¡¡the¡¡several¡¡distinct¡¡forms¡¡of¡¡offenses¡¡chargeda¡¡crystallization¡¡of¡¡the¡¡whole¡£
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They¡¡were¡¡put¡¡to¡¡test¡¡and¡¡failed¡£¡¡They¡¡failed¡¡because¡¡of¡¡their¡¡innate¡¡weakness¡£¡¡Failed¡¡because¡¡they¡¡proved¡¡nothing¡£¡¡Failed¡¡because¡¡not¡¡a¡¡single¡¡allegation¡¡of¡¡the¡¡entire¡¡indictment¡¡was¡¡or¡¡could¡¡be¡¡proven¡¡or¡¡tortured¡¡into¡¡all¡¡impeachable¡¡offense¡£¡¡Not¡¡a¡¡remark¡¡made¡¡by¡¡the¡¡President¡¡or¡¡an¡¡act¡¡performed¡¡in¡¡all¡¡the¡¡long¡¡and¡¡bitter¡¡controversy¡¡that¡£¡¡had¡¡subsisted¡¡between¡¡himself¡¡and¡¡Congress¡¡could¡¡be¡¡brought¡¡nearer¡¡to¡¡the¡¡impeachment¡¡mark£»¡¡in¡¡fact£»¡¡few¡¡if¡¡any¡¡of¡¡them¡¡so¡¡near£»¡¡as¡¡had¡¡been¡¡the¡¡every¡¡day¡¡rule¡¡in¡¡the¡¡House¡¡of¡¡Representatives¡¡during¡¡the¡¡previous¡¡two¡¡years¡¡in¡¡their¡¡treatment¡¡of¡¡the¡¡President¡£¡¡Yet¡¡nobody¡¡thought¡¡of¡¡impeaching¡¡members¡¡of¡¡the¡¡House¡¡for¡¡their¡¡every¡¡day¡¡personal¡¡vituperations¡¡against¡¡him¡£
Bill¡¡after¡¡bill¡¡had¡¡been¡¡offered¡¡in¡¡Congress£»¡¡and¡¡law¡¡after¡¡law¡¡enacted£»¡¡with¡¡apparently¡¡the¡¡sole¡¡purpose¡¡of¡¡hampering¡¡the¡¡Constitutional¡¡authority¡¡apparently¡¡functions¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Presidenteven¡¡the¡¡assumption¡¡of¡¡Executive¡¡powers¡¡and¡¡judicial¡¡functions¡¡by¡¡Congressthe¡¡not¡¡remote¡¡purpose¡¡of¡¡which¡¡seemed¡¡to¡¡be¡¡his¡¡entrapment¡¡into¡¡some¡¡measure¡¡of¡¡resistance¡¡upon¡¡which¡¡could¡¡be¡¡based¡¡an¡¡indictment¡£¡¡The¡¡House¡¡