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С˵£º history of the impeachment of andrew johnson ×ÖÊý£º ÿҳ4000×Ö

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It¡¡was¡¡an¡¡especial¡¡misfortune¡¡that¡¡he¡¡who¡¡had¡¡so¡¡wisely¡¡and¡¡safely¡¡conducted¡¡the¡¡Nation¡¡through¡¡the¡¡conflict¡¡of¡¡arms¡¡and¡¡had¡¡foreshadowed¡¡his¡¡beneficent¡¡measures¡¡of¡¡peace¡¡and¡¡the¡¡restoration¡¡of¡¡the¡¡shattered¡¡Republic£»¡¡was¡¡taken¡¡away¡¡as¡¡he¡¡and¡¡the¡¡Nation¡¡stood¡¡at¡¡last¡¡at¡¡the¡¡open¡¡door¡¡of¡¡successful¡¡rehabilitation¡¡on¡¡a¡¡broader¡¡and¡¡grander¡¡basis¡¡than¡¡had¡¡ever¡¡been¡¡reached¡¡in¡¡all¡¡previous¡¡efforts¡¡of¡¡man¡¡at¡¡Nation¡¡building¡£¡¡From¡¡day¡¡to¡¡day¡¡he¡¡had¡¡watched£»¡¡with¡¡his¡¡hand¡¡on¡¡the¡¡key¡­board£»¡¡the¡¡development¡¡and¡¡trend¡¡of¡¡events¡£¡¡They¡¡had¡¡resulted¡¡as¡¡he¡¡had¡¡planned£»¡¡and¡¡he¡¡had¡¡become¡¡the¡¡most¡¡conspicuous£»¡¡the¡¡best¡¡loved£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡most¡¡masterful¡¡of¡¡living¡¡man¡¡in¡¡the¡¡control¡¡of¡¡the¡¡future¡£¡¡In¡¡his¡¡death¡¡the¡¡Union¡¡lost¡¡its¡¡most¡¡sagacious¡¡and¡¡best¡¡trusted¡¡leader£»¡¡and£»¡¡the¡¡South¡¡its¡¡ablest£»¡¡truest£»¡¡and¡¡wisest¡¡friend¡£

It¡¡was¡¡under¡¡these¡¡circumstances¡¡that¡¡Mr¡£¡¡Johnson¡¡came¡¡to¡¡the¡¡Presidency¡¡as¡¡Mr¡£¡¡Lincoln's¡¡successorwithout¡¡a¡¡moment¡¡of¡¡warning¡¡or¡¡an¡¡hour¡¡of¡¡preparation¡¡for¡¡the¡¡discharge¡¡of¡¡the¡¡crushing¡¡responsibilities¡¡that¡¡had¡¡so¡¡suddenly¡¡fallen¡¡to¡¡his¡¡direction¡£

Actuated£»¡¡doubtless£»¡¡and¡¡not¡¡unnaturally£»¡¡by¡¡feelings¡¡of¡¡resentment¡¡over¡¡the¡¡manner¡¡and¡¡circumstances¡¡of¡¡Mr¡£¡¡Lincoln's¡¡death£»¡¡Mr¡£¡¡Johnson¡¡at¡¡first¡¡gave¡¡expression¡¡to¡¡a¡¡spirit¡¡of¡¡hostility¡¡toward¡¡the¡¡leaders¡¡of¡¡the¡¡rebellion£»¡¡and¡¡foreshadowed¡¡a¡¡somewhat¡¡rigorous¡¡policy¡¡in¡¡his¡¡methods¡¡of¡¡Reconstruction¡¡in¡¡accordance¡¡with¡¡the¡¡views¡¡of¡¡the¡¡leaders¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Republican¡¡party¡¡in¡¡Congress¡¡who¡¡had¡¡differed¡¡with¡¡Mr¡£¡¡Lincoln¡¡on¡¡that¡¡subject£»¡¡but¡¡later¡¡on£»¡¡under¡¡the¡¡advice¡¡of¡¡his¡¡Cabinetnotably£»¡¡it¡¡is¡¡understood£»¡¡of¡¡Mr¡£¡¡Sewardand¡¡under¡¡the¡¡responsibility¡¡of¡¡actionhis¡¡views¡¡became¡¡modified£»¡¡till¡¡in¡¡time£»¡¡it¡¡is¡¡not¡¡impossible£»¡¡but¡¡by¡¡no¡¡means¡¡certain£»¡¡that¡¡he¡¡went¡¡even¡¡beyond¡¡the¡¡humane£»¡¡natural¡¡and¡¡logical¡¡views¡¡and¡¡purposes¡¡of¡¡Mr¡£¡¡Lincoln¡¡in¡¡that¡¡regard¡£

This¡¡did¡¡not¡¡comport¡¡with¡¡the¡¡purposes¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Congressional¡¡faction¡¡that¡¡had¡¡opposed¡¡Mr¡£¡¡Lincoln's¡¡plans£»¡¡which¡¡faction£»¡¡under¡¡the¡¡pressure¡¡of¡¡the¡¡general¡¡indignation¡¡over¡¡his¡¡murder£»¡¡quickly¡¡rose¡¡to¡¡the¡¡absolute¡¡control¡¡of¡¡Congress¡£¡¡Mr¡£¡¡Lincoln¡¡no¡¡longer¡¡stood¡¡in¡¡their¡¡way£»¡¡and¡¡Mr¡£¡¡Johnson¡¡was¡¡then¡¡comparatively¡¡unknown¡¡to¡¡the¡¡great¡¡mass¡¡of¡¡the¡¡dominant¡¡party£»¡¡and¡¡therefore¡¡at¡¡a¡¡corresponding¡¡disadvantage¡¡in¡¡the¡¡controversy¡£¡¡He¡¡had¡¡risen¡¡step¡¡by¡¡step¡¡to¡¡his¡¡new¡¡position¡¡from¡¡the¡¡humblest¡¡walks¡¡of¡¡Southern¡¡life£»¡¡and¡¡each¡¡succeeding¡¡step¡¡to¡¡advancement¡¡had¡¡been¡¡made¡¡through¡¡personal¡¡conflicts¡¡such¡¡as¡¡few¡¡men¡¡in¡¡public¡¡life¡¡in¡¡this¡¡or¡¡any¡¡other¡¡country¡¡had¡¡ever¡¡borne¡£¡¡It¡¡was¡¡not¡¡unnatural£»¡¡therefore£»¡¡that¡¡he¡¡should¡¡have¡¡faith¡¡in¡¡himself£»¡¡and¡¡in¡¡the¡¡superiority¡¡of¡¡his¡¡judgment£»¡¡or¡¡little¡¡in¡¡that¡¡of¡¡othersand¡¡more¡¡especially¡¡when¡¡he¡¡was¡¡approached¡¡by¡¡those¡¡who¡¡had¡¡opposed¡¡Mr¡£¡¡Lincoln's¡¡plans¡¡in¡¡an¡¡attitude¡¡of¡¡dictation£»¡¡and¡¡with¡¡suggestions¡¡and¡¡unsought¡¡advice¡¡as¡¡to¡¡the¡¡course¡¡he¡¡should¡¡pursue¡¡in¡¡the¡¡then¡¡absorbing¡¡question¡¡of¡¡the¡¡restoration¡¡of¡¡the¡¡States¡¡lately¡¡in¡¡rebellionhimself¡¡a¡¡citizen¡¡of¡¡one¡¡of¡¡those¡¡States£»¡¡and¡¡for¡¡the¡¡preservation¡¡of¡¡which£»¡¡as¡¡a¡¡State¡¡in¡¡the¡¡Union£»¡¡he¡¡had¡¡staked¡¡his¡¡life¡£

As¡¡with¡¡Mr¡£¡¡Lincoln£»¡¡so¡¡with¡¡Mr¡£¡¡Johnsonthe¡¡first¡¡thing¡¡to¡¡be¡¡done£»¡¡or¡¡sought£»¡¡was¡¡the¡¡restoration¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Union¡¡by¡¡the¡¡return¡¡of¡¡the¡¡States¡¡in¡¡rebellion¡¡to¡¡their¡¡allegiance¡¡to¡¡the¡¡Constitution¡¡and¡¡laws¡¡of¡¡the¡¡country¡£¡¡Mr¡£¡¡Lincoln£»¡¡to¡¡use¡¡one¡¡of¡¡his¡¡characteristic¡¡Western¡¡phrases£»¡¡had¡¡¡¨blazed¡¡the¡¡way£»¡¨¡¡and¡¡Mr¡£¡¡Johnson¡¡took¡¡up¡¡that¡¡trail¡£¡¡A¡¡few¡¡weeks¡¡after¡¡his¡¡inauguration¡¡he¡¡issued¡¡a¡¡Proclamation¡¡outlining¡¡a¡¡plan¡¡for¡¡the¡¡reorganization¡¡of¡¡the¡¡State¡¡of¡¡North¡¡Carolina¡£¡¡That¡¡paper¡¡was¡¡confessedly¡¡designed¡¡as¡¡a¡¡general¡¡plan¡¡and¡¡basis¡¡for¡¡Executive¡¡action¡¡in¡¡the¡¡restoration¡¡of¡¡all¡¡the¡¡seceded¡¡States¡£¡¡Mr¡£¡¡Lincoln¡¡had£»¡¡of¡¡course£»¡¡foreseen¡¡that¡¡that¡¡subject¡¡would¡¡come¡¡up¡¡very¡¡shortly£»¡¡in¡¡the¡¡then¡¡condition¡¡of¡¡affairs¡¡in¡¡the¡¡South£»¡¡and¡¡it¡¡had¡¡therefore¡¡been¡¡considered¡¡in¡¡his¡¡later¡¡Cabinet¡¡meetings£»¡¡as¡¡stated£»¡¡more¡¡especially¡¡at¡¡the¡¡meeting¡¡immediately¡¡preceding¡¡his¡¡death£»¡¡and¡¡a¡¡plan¡¡very¡¡similar¡¡to¡¡that¡¡afterwards¡¡determined¡¡upon¡¡by¡¡Mr¡£¡¡Johnson£»¡¡if¡¡not¡¡identically¡¡so£»¡¡was¡¡at¡¡that¡¡meeting¡¡finally¡¡adopted¡£¡¡That¡¡plan¡¡was¡¡set¡¡out¡¡in¡¡the¡¡North¡¡Carolina¡¡Proclamation£»¡¡the¡¡essential¡¡features¡¡and¡¡general¡¡character¡¡of¡¡which¡¡became¡¡so¡¡conspicuous¡¡a¡¡factor¡¡in¡¡the¡¡subsequent¡¡controversies¡¡between¡¡the¡¡President¡¡and¡¡Congress¡£¡¡It¡¡was¡¡as¡¡follows£º

Whereas£º¡¡The¡¡Fourth¡¡Section¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Fourth¡¡Article¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Constitution¡¡of¡¡the¡¡United¡¡States¡¡declares¡¡that¡¡the¡¡United¡¡States¡¡shall¡¡guarantee¡¡to¡¡every¡¡State¡¡in¡¡the¡¡Union¡¡a¡¡Republican¡¡form¡¡of¡¡Government£»¡¡and¡¡shall¡¡protect¡¡each¡¡of¡¡them¡¡against¡¡invasion¡¡and¡¡domestic¡¡violence£»¡¡and¡¡whereas£»¡¡the¡¡President¡¡of¡¡the¡¡United¡¡States¡¡is£»¡¡by¡¡the¡¡Constitution£»¡¡made¡¡Commander¡­in¡­Chief¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Army¡¡and¡¡Navy£»¡¡as¡¡well¡¡as¡¡chief¡¡civil¡¡executive¡¡officer¡¡of¡¡the¡¡United¡¡States£»¡¡and¡¡is¡¡bound¡¡by¡¡solemn¡¡oath¡¡faithfully¡¡to¡¡execute¡¡the¡¡office¡¡of¡¡President¡¡of¡¡the¡¡United¡¡States£»¡¡and¡¡to¡¡take¡¡care¡¡that¡¡the¡¡laws¡¡be¡¡faithfully¡¡executed£»¡¡and¡¡whereas£»¡¡the¡¡rebellion¡¡which¡¡has¡¡been¡¡waged¡¡by¡¡a¡¡portion¡¡of¡¡the¡¡people¡¡of¡¡the¡¡United¡¡States¡¡against¡¡the¡¡properly¡¡constituted¡¡authority¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Government¡¡thereof¡¡in¡¡the¡¡most¡¡violent¡¡and¡¡revolting¡¡form£»¡¡but¡¡whose¡¡organized¡¡and¡¡armed¡¡forces¡¡have¡¡now¡¡been¡¡almost¡¡entirely¡¡overcome¡¡has£»¡¡in¡¡its¡¡revolutionary¡¡progress£»¡¡deprived¡¡the¡¡people¡¡of¡¡the¡¡State¡¡of¡¡North¡¡Carolina¡¡of¡¡all¡¡civil¡¡government£º¡¡and¡¡whereas£»¡¡it¡¡becomes¡¡necessary¡¡and¡¡proper¡¡to¡¡carry¡¡out¡¡and¡¡enforce¡¡the¡¡obligations¡¡of¡¡the¡¡United¡¡States¡¡to¡¡the¡¡people¡¡of¡¡North¡¡Carolina¡¡in¡¡securing¡¡them¡¡it£»¡¡the¡¡enjoyment¡¡of¡¡a¡¡republican¡¡form¡¡of¡¡Government£º

Now£»¡¡therefore£»¡¡in¡¡obedience¡¡to¡¡the¡¡high¡¡and¡¡solemn¡¡duties¡¡imposed¡¡upon¡¡me¡¡by¡¡the¡¡Constitution¡¡of¡¡the¡¡United¡¡States£»¡¡and¡¡for¡¡the¡¡purpose¡¡of¡¡enabling¡¡the¡¡loyal¡¡people¡¡of¡¡said¡¡State¡¡to¡¡organize¡¡a¡¡State¡¡Government£»¡¡whereby¡¡justice¡¡may¡¡be¡¡established£»¡¡domestic¡¡tranquility¡¡insured£»¡¡I£»¡¡Andrew¡¡Johnson£»¡¡President¡¡of¡¡the¡¡United¡¡States¡¡and¡¡Commander¡­in¡­Chief¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Army¡¡and¡¡Navy¡¡of¡¡the¡¡United¡¡States£»¡¡do¡¡hereby¡¡appoint¡¡William¡¡W¡£¡¡Holden¡¡Provisional¡¡Governor¡¡of¡¡the¡¡State¡¡of¡¡North¡¡Carolina£»¡¡whose¡¡duty¡¡it¡¡shall¡¡be£»¡¡at¡¡the¡¡earliest¡¡practicable¡¡period£»¡¡to¡¡prescribe¡¡such¡¡rules¡¡and¡¡regulations¡¡as¡¡may¡¡be¡¡necessary¡¡and¡¡proper¡¡for¡¡convening¡¡it¡¡Convention£»¡¡composed¡¡of¡¡delegates¡¡to¡¡be¡¡chosen¡¡by¡¡that¡¡portion¡¡of¡¡the¡¡people¡¡of¡¡the¡¡said¡¡State¡¡who¡¡are¡¡loyal¡¡all¡¡to¡¡the¡¡United¡¡States¡¡and¡¡no¡¡others£»¡¡for¡¡the¡¡purpose¡¡of¡¡altering¡¡or¡¡amending¡¡the¡¡Constitution¡¡thereof£»¡¡and¡¡with¡¡authority¡¡to¡¡exercise£»¡¡within¡¡the¡¡limits¡¡of¡¡said¡¡State£»¡¡all¡¡the¡¡powers¡¡necessary¡¡and¡¡proper¡¡to¡¡enable¡¡such¡¡loyal¡¡people¡¡of¡¡the¡¡State¡¡of¡¡North¡¡Carolina¡¡to¡¡restore¡¡said¡¡State¡¡to¡¡its¡¡constitutional¡¡relations¡¡to¡¡the¡¡Federal¡¡Government£»¡¡and¡¡to¡¡present¡¡such¡¡a¡¡republican¡¡form¡¡of¡¡State¡¡Government¡¡as¡¡will¡¡entitle¡¡the¡¡said¡¡State¡¡to¡¡the¡¡guarantee¡¡of¡¡the¡¡United¡¡States¡¡therefor£»¡¡and¡¡its¡¡people¡¡to¡¡protection¡¡by¡¡the¡¡United¡¡States¡¡against¡¡invasion£»¡¡insurrection¡¡and¡¡domestic¡¡violence£º¡¡PROVIDED£»¡¡that¡¡in¡¡any¡¡election¡¡that¡¡may¡¡be¡¡hereafter¡¡held¡¡for¡¡choosing¡¡delegates¡¡to¡¡any¡¡State¡¡Convention¡¡as¡¡aforesaid£»¡¡no¡¡person¡¡shall¡¡be¡¡qualified¡¡as¡¡an¡¡elector£»¡¡or¡¡shall¡¡be¡¡eligible¡¡as¡¡a¡¡member¡¡of¡¡such¡¡Convention£»¡¡unless¡¡he¡¡shall¡¡have¡¡previously¡¡taken¡¡and¡¡subscribed¡¡to¡¡the¡¡oath¡¡of¡¡amnesty£»¡¡as¡¡set¡¡forth¡¡in¡¡the¡¡President's¡¡Proclamation¡¡of¡¡May¡¡29th£»¡¡A¡£¡¡D¡£¡¡1865£»¡¡and¡¡is¡¡a¡¡voter¡¡qualified¡¡as¡¡prescribed¡¡by¡¡the¡¡Constitution¡¡and¡¡laws¡¡of¡¡the¡¡State¡¡of¡¡North¡¡Carolina¡¡in¡¡force¡¡immediately¡¡before¡¡the¡¡20th¡¡of¡¡May£»¡¡A¡£¡¡D¡£¡¡1861£»¡¡the¡¡date¡¡of¡¡the¡¡so¡­called¡¡ordinance¡¡of¡¡secession£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡said¡¡Convention£»¡¡when¡¡convened£»¡¡or¡¡the¡¡legislature¡¡that¡¡may¡¡be¡¡thereafter¡¡assembled£»¡¡will¡¡prescribe¡¡the¡¡qualifications¡¡of¡¡electors£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡eligibility¡¡of¡¡persons¡¡to¡¡hold¡¡office¡¡under¡¡the¡¡Constitution¡¡and¡¡laws¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Statea¡¡power¡¡the¡¡people¡¡of¡¡the¡¡several¡¡States¡¡comprising¡¡the¡¡Federal¡¡Union¡¡have¡¡rightfully¡¡exercised¡¡from¡¡the¡¡origin¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Government¡¡to¡¡the¡¡present¡¡time¡£¡¡And¡¡I¡¡do¡¡hereby¡¡direct£º

FirstThat¡¡the¡¡Military¡¡Commander¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Department£»¡¡and¡¡all¡¡officers¡¡in¡¡the¡¡Military¡¡and¡¡Naval¡¡service£»¡¡aid¡¡and¡¡assist¡¡the¡¡said¡¡Provisional¡¡Governor¡¡in¡¡carrying¡¡into¡¡effect¡¡this¡¡Proclamation£»¡¡and¡¡they¡¡are¡¡enjoined¡¡to¡¡abstain¡¡from£»¡¡in¡¡any¡¡way£»¡¡hindering£»¡¡impeding£»¡¡or¡¡discouraging¡¡the¡¡loyal¡¡people¡¡from¡¡the¡¡organization¡¡of¡¡a¡¡State¡¡Government¡¡as¡¡herein¡¡authorized¡£

SecondThat¡¡the¡¡Secretary¡¡of¡¡State¡¡proceed¡¡to¡¡put¡¡in¡¡force¡¡all¡¡laws¡¡of¡¡the¡¡United¡¡States£»¡¡the¡¡administration¡¡whereof¡¡belongs¡¡to¡¡the¡¡State¡¡Department£»¡¡applicable¡¡to¡¡the¡¡geographical¡¡limits¡¡aforesaid¡£

ThirdThat¡¡the¡¡Secretary¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Treasury¡¡proceed¡¡to¡¡nominate¡¡for¡¡appointment¡¡assessors¡¡of¡¡taxes£»¡¡and¡¡collectors¡¡of¡¡customs¡¡and¡¡revenue£»¡¡and¡¡such¡¡other¡¡officers¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Treasury¡¡Department¡¡as¡¡are¡¡authorized¡¡by¡¡law£»¡¡and¡¡put¡¡in¡¡execution¡¡the¡¡revenue¡¡laws¡¡of¡¡the¡¡United¡¡States¡¡within¡¡the¡¡provisional¡¡limits¡¡aforesaid¡£¡¡In¡¡making¡¡appointments£»¡¡the¡¡preference¡¡shall¡¡be¡¡given¡¡to¡¡qualified¡¡loyal¡¡persons¡¡residing¡¡in¡¡the¡¡districts¡¡where¡¡their¡¡respective¡¡duties¡¡are¡¡to¡¡be¡¡performed¡£¡¡But¡¡if¡¡suitable¡¡residents¡¡of¡¡the¡¡district¡¡shall¡¡not¡¡be¡¡found£»¡¡then¡¡persons¡¡residing¡¡in¡¡other¡¡States¡¡or¡¡districts¡¡shall¡¡be¡¡appointed¡£

FourthThat¡¡the¡¡Postmaster¡¡General¡¡proceed¡¡to¡¡establish¡¡postoffices¡¡and¡¡post¡¡routes£»¡¡and¡¡put¡¡into¡¡execution¡¡the¡¡postal¡¡laws¡¡of¡¡the¡¡United¡¡States¡¡within¡¡the¡¡said¡¡State£»¡¡giving¡¡to¡¡loyal¡¡residents¡¡the¡¡preference¡¡of¡¡appointments£º¡¡but¡¡if¡¡suitable¡¡residents¡¡are¡¡not¡¡found£»¡¡then¡¡to¡¡appoint¡¡agents£»¡¡etc¡££»¡¡from¡¡other¡¡States¡£

FifthThat¡¡District¡¡Judges¡¡for¡¡the¡¡judicial¡¡districts¡¡in¡¡which¡¡North¡¡Carolina¡¡is¡¡included£»¡¡proceed¡¡to¡¡hold¡¡courts¡¡within¡¡said¡¡State£»¡¡in¡¡accordance¡¡with¡¡the¡¡provisions¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Act¡¡of¡¡Congress¡£¡¡The¡¡Attorney¡¡General¡¡will¡¡instruct¡¡the¡¡proper¡¡officers¡¡to¡¡libel£»¡¡and¡¡bring¡¡to¡¡judgment£»¡¡confiscation¡¡and¡¡sale£»¡¡property¡¡subject¡¡to¡¡confiscation£»¡¡and¡¡enforce¡¡the¡¡administration¡¡of¡¡justice¡¡within¡¡said¡¡State¡¡in¡¡all¡¡matters¡¡within¡¡the¡¡cognizance¡¡and¡¡jurisdiction¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Federal¡¡Courts¡£

SixthThat¡¡the¡¡Secretary¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Navy¡¡take¡¡possession¡¡of¡¡all¡¡public¡¡property¡¡belonging¡¡to¡¡the¡¡Navy¡¡Department¡¡within¡¡said¡¡geographical¡¡limits£»¡¡and¡¡put¡¡in¡¡operation¡¡all¡¡Acts¡¡of¡¡Congress¡¡in¡¡relation¡¡to¡¡naval¡¡affairs¡¡having¡¡application¡¡to¡¡said¡¡State¡£

SeventhThat¡¡the¡¡Secretary¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Interior¡¡put¡¡in¡¡force¡¡all¡¡laws¡¡relating¡¡to¡¡the¡¡Interior¡¡Department¡¡applicable¡¡to¡¡the¡¡geographical¡¡limits¡¡aforesaid¡£

In¡¡testimony¡¡whereof£»¡¡I¡¡have¡¡hereunto¡¡set¡¡my¡¡hand¡¡and¡¡caused¡¡the¡¡seal¡¡of¡¡the¡¡United¡¡States¡¡to¡¡be¡¡affixed¡£

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