cleomenes-第2部分

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vines；　hedges；　and　ditches；　and　being　forced　to　break　his　ranks；　began
to　retire　in　disorder。　Cleomenes；　observing　the　advantage；　commanded
the　Tarentines　and　Cretans　to　engage　him；　by　whom；　after　a　brave
defence；　he　was　routed　and　slain。　The　Lacedaemonians；　thus　encouraged；
fell　with　a　great　shout　upon　the　Achaeans；　and　routed　their　whole
army。　Of　the　slain；　who　were　very　many；　the　rest　Cleomenes　delivered
up；　when　the　enemy　petitioned　for　them；　but　the　body　of　Lydiadas　he
commanded　to　be　brought　to　him；　and　then　putting　on　it　a　purple
robe；　and　a　crown　upon　its　head；　sent　a　convoy　with　it　to　the　gates　of
Megalopolis。　This　is　that　Lydiadas　who　resigned　his　power　as　tyrant；
restored　liberty　to　the　citizens；　and　joined　the　city　to　the　Achaean
interest。
　　Cleomenes；　being　very　much　elated　by　this　success；　and　persuaded
that　if　matters　were　wholly　at　his　disposal　he　should　soon　be　too　hard
for　the　Achaeans；　persuaded　Magistonus；　his　mother's　husband；　that
it　was　expedient　for　the　state　to　shake　off　the　power　of　the　ephors；
and　to　put　all　their　wealth　into　one　common　stock　for　the　whole
body；　thus　Sparta；　being　restored　to　its　old　equality；　might　aspire
again　to　the　command　of　all　Greece。　Megistonas　liked　the　design；　and
engaged　two　or　three　more　of　his　friends。　About　that　time；　one　of
the　ephors；　sleeping　in　Pasiphaes　temple；　dreamed　a　very　surprising
dream；　for　he　thought　he　saw　the　four　chairs　removed　out　of　the
place　where　the　ephors　used　to　sit　and　do　the　business　of　their
office；　and　one　only　set　there；　and　whilst　he　wondered；　he　heard　a
voice　out　of　the　temple；　saying；　〃This　is　best　for　Sparta。〃　The　person
telling　Cleomenes　this　dream；　he　was　a　little　troubled　at　first；
fearing　that　he　used　this　as　a　trick　to　sift　him；　upon　some
suspicion　of　his　design；　but　when　he　was　satisfied　that　the　relator
spoke　truth；　he　took　heart　again。　And　carrying　with　him　those　whom
he　thought　would　be　most　against　his　project；　he　took　Heraea　and
Alsaea　two　towns　in　league　with　the　Achaeans；　furnished　Orchomenus
with　provisions；　encamped　before　Mantinea；　and　with　long　marches　up
and　down　so　harassed　the　Lacedaemonians　that　many　of　them　at　their　own
request　were　left　behind　in　Arcadia；　while　he　with　the　mercenaries
went　on　toward　Sparta；　and　by　the　way　communicated　his　design　to　those
whom　he　thought　fitted　for　his　purpose；　and　marched　slowly；　that　he
might　catch　the　ephors　at　supper。
　　When　he　was　come　near　the　city；　he　sent　Euryclidas　to　the　public
table；　where　the　ephors　supped；　under　pretence　of　carrying　some
message　from　him　from　the　army；　Therycion；　Phoebis；　and　two　of　those
who　had　been　bred　up　with　Cleomenes；　whom　they　call　mothaces；　followed
with　a　few　soldiers；　and　whilst　Euryclidas　was　delivering　his
message　to　the　ephors；　they　ran　upon　them　with　their　drawn　swords
and　slew　them。　The　first　of　them；　Agylaeus；　on　receiving　the　blow；
fell；　and　lay　as　dead；　but　in　a　little　time　quietly　raising　himself；
and　drawing　himself　out　of　the　room；　he　crept；　without　being
discovered；　into　a　little　building　which　was　dedicated　to　Fear；　and
which　always　used　to　be　shut；　but　then　by　chance　was　open；　and　being
got　in；　he　shut　the　door；　and　lay　close。　The　other　four　were　killed；
and　above　ten　more　that　came　to　their　assistance；　to　those　that　were
quiet　they　did　no　harm；　stopped　none　that　fled　from　the　city　and
spared　Agylaeus　when　he　came　out　of　the　temple　the　next　day。
　　The　Lacedaemonians　have　not　only　sacred　places　dedicated　to　Fear；
but　also　to　Death；　Laughter；　and　the　like　Passions。　Now　they　worship
Fear；　not　as　they　do　supernatural　powers　which　they　dread；　esteeming
it　hurtful；　but　thinking　their　polity　is　chiefly　kept　up　by　fear。
Therefore　the　ephors；　Aristotle　is　my　author；　when　they　entered　upon
their　government；　made　proclamation　to　the　people；　that　they　should
shave　their　mustaches　and　be　obedient　to　the　laws；　that　the　laws　might
not　be　hard　upon　them；　making；　I　suppose；　this　trivial　injunction　to
accustom　their　youth　to　obedience　even　in　the　smallest　matters。　And
the　ancients；　I　think；　did　not　imagine　bravery　to　be　plain
fearlessness；　but　a　cautious　fear　of　blame　and　disgrace。　For　those
that　show　most　timidity　towards　the　laws　are　most　bold　against　their
enemies；　and　those　are　least　afraid　of　any　danger　who　are　most
afraid　of　a　just　reproach。　Therefore　it　was　well　said　that…

　　　　　　　　〃A　reverence　still　attends　on　fear；〃

and　by　Homer；…

　　　　　　　　〃Feared　you　shall　be；　dear　father；　and　revered；〃

and　again；…

　　　　　　　　〃In　silence　fearing　those　that　bore　the　sway；〃

for　the　generality　of　men　are　most　ready　to　reverence　those　whom
they　fear。　And；　therefore；　the　Lacedaemonians　placed　the　temple　of
Fear　by　the　Syssitium　of　the　ephors；　having　raised　that　magistracy
to　almost　royal　authority。
　　The　next　day；　Cleomenes　proscribed　eighty　of　the　citizens　whom　he
thought　necessary　to　banish；　and　removed　all　the　seats　of　the
ephors；　except　one；　in　which　he　himself　designed　to　sit　and　give
audience；　and　calling　the　citizens　together　he　made　an　apology　for　his
proceedings；　saying；　that　by　Lycurgus；　the　counsel　of　Elders　was
joined　to　the　kings；　and　that　that　of　government　had　continued　a
long　time；　and　no　other　sort　of　magistrates　had　been　wanted。　But
afterwards；　in　the　long　war　with　the　Messenians；　when　the　kings；
having　to　command　the　army；　found　no　time　to　administer　justice；
they　chose　some　of　their　friends；　and　left　them　to　determine　the　suits
of　the　citizens　in　their　stead。　These　were　called　ephors；　and　at　first
behaved　themselves　as　servants　to　the　kings；　but　afterwards；　by
degrees；　they　appropriated　the　power　to　themselves；　and　erected　a
distinct　magistracy。　An　evidence　of　the　truth　of　this　was　the　custom
still　observed　by　the　kings；　who；　when　the　ephors　send　for　them；
refuse；　upon　the　first　and　the　second　summons；　to　go；　but　upon　the
third　rise　up　and　attend　them。　And　Asteropus；　the　first　that　raised
the　ephors　to　that　height　of　power；　lived　a　great　many　years　after
their　institution。　So　long；　therefore；　he　continued；　as　they　contained
themselves　within　their　own　proper　sphere；　it　had　been　better　to
bear　with　them　than　to　make　a　disturbance。　But　that　an　upstart
introduced　power　should　so　far　subvert　the　ancient　form　of
government　as　to　banish　some　kings；　murder　others；　without　hearing
their　defence；　and　threaten　those　who　desired　to　see　the　best　and　most
divine　constitution　restored　in　Sparta；　was　not　to　be　borne。
Therefore；　if　it　had　been　possible　for　him　without　bloodshed　to　free
Lacedaemon　from　those　foreign　plagues；　luxury；　sumptuosity；　debts；　and
usury；　and　from　those　yet　more　ancient　evils；　poverty　and　riches；　he
should　have　thought　himself　the　happiest　king　in　the　world；　to　have
succeeded；　like　an　expert　physician；　in　curing　the　diseases　of　his
country　without　pain。　But　now；　in　this　necessity；　Lycurgus's　example
favoured　his　proceedings；　who　being　neither　king　nor　magistrate；　but　a
private　man；　and　aiming　at　the　kingdom；　came　armed　into　the
market…place；　so　that　King　Charillus　fled　in　alarm　to　the　altar。　He；
being　a　good　man；　and　a　lover　of　his　country；　readily　concurred　in
Lycurgus's　designs；　and　admitted　the　revolution　in　the　state。　But；
by　his　own　actions；　Lycurgus　had　nevertheless　borne　witness　that　it
was　difficult　to　change　the　government　without　force　and　fear；　in
the　use　of　which　he　himself；　he　said；　had　been　so　moderate　as　to　do　no
more　than　put　out　of　the　way　those　who　opposed　themselves　to
Sparta's　happiness　and　safety。　For　the　rest　of　the　nation；　he　told
them；　the　whole　land　was　now　their　common　property；　debtors　should
be　cleared　of　their　debts；　and　examination　made　of　those　who　were
not　citizens；　that　the　bravest　men　might　thus　be　made　free　Spartans；
and　give　aid　in　arms　to　save　the　city；　and　〃we；〃　he　said；　〃may　no
longer　see　Laconia；　for　want　of　men　to　defend　it；　wasted　by　the
Aetolians　and　Illyrians。〃
　　Then　he　himself　first；　with　his　step…father；　Megistonas；　and　his
friends；　gave　up　all　their　wealth　into　one　public　stock；　and　all　the
other　citizens　followed　the　example。　The　land　was　divided；　and　every
one　that　he　had　banished　had　a　share　assigned　him；　for　he　promised
to　restore　all　as　soon　as　things　were　settled　and　in　quiet。　And
completing　the　number　of　citizens　out　of　the　best　and　most　promising
of　the　country　people；　he　raised　a　body　of　four　thousand　men；　and
instead　of　a　spear；　taught　them　to　use　a　sarissa；　with　both　hands；　and
to　carry　their　shields　by　a　band；　and　not　by　a　handle；　as　before。
After　this　he　began　to　consult　about　the　education　of　the　youth；　and
the　Discipline；　as　they　call　it；　most　of　the　particulars　of　which
Sphaerus；　being　then　at　Sparta；　assisted　in　arranging；　and　in　a
short　time　the　schools　of　exercise　and　the　common　tables　recovered
their　ancient　decency　and　order；　a　few　out　of　necessity；　but　the
most　voluntarily；　returning　to　that　generous　and　Laconic　way　of
living。　And；　that　the　name　of　monarch　might　give　them　no　jealousy；
he　made　Euclidas；　his　brother；　partner　in　the　throne；　and　that　was　the
only　time　that　Sparta　had　two　kings　of　the　same　family。
　　Then；　understanding　that　the　Achaeans　and　Aratus　imagined　that
this　change　had　disturbed　and　shaken　his　affairs；　and　that　he　would
not　venture　out　of　Sparta　and　leave　the　city　now　unsettled　in　the
midst　of　so　great　an　alteration；　he　thought　it　great　and　serviceable
to　his　designs　to　show　his　enemies　the　zeal　and　forwardness　of　his
troops。　And；　therefore；　making　an　incursion　into　the　territories　of
Megalopolis；　he　wasted　the　country　far　and　wide；　and　collected
considerable　booty。　And　at　last；　taking　a　company　of　actors　as　they
were　travelling　from　Messene；　and　building　a　theatre　in　the　enemy's
country；　and　offering　a　prize　of　forty　mince　in　value；　he　sat
spectator　a　whole　day；　not　that　he　either　desired　or　needed　such
amusement；　but　wishing　to　show　his　disregard　for　his　enemies；　and　by　a
display　of　his　contempt；　to　prove　the　extent　of　his　superiority　to
them。　For　his　alone；　of　all　the　Greek　or　royal　armies；　had　no
stage…players；　no　jugglers；　no　dancing　or　singing　women　attending　it
but　was　free　from　all　sorts　of　looseness；　wantonness；　and　festivity；
the　young　men　being　for　the　most　part　at　their　exercises；　and　th