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the matter with his right eye; that he was very satirical and very 
clever; that his wife was a very clever woman and satirical; his 
two daughters both clever and satirical; and his servant…maid 
remarkably satirical and clever; and that it was impossible to live 
with Twm O'r Nant without learning to be clever and satirical; that 
he always appeared to be occupied with something; and that he had 
heard him say there was something in him that would never let him 
be idle; that he would walk fifteen miles to a place where he was 
to play an interlude; and that as soon as he got there he would 
begin playing it at once; however tired he might be。  The old 
gentleman concluded by saying that he had never read the works of 
Twm O'r Nant; but he had heard that his best piece was the 
interlude called 〃Pleasure and Care。〃



CHAPTER LII



The Treachery of the Long Knives … The North Briton … The Wounded 
Butcher … The Prisoner。


ON the tenth of September our little town was flung into some 
confusion by one butcher having attempted to cut the throat of 
another。  The delinquent was a Welshman; who it was said had for 
some time past been somewhat out of his mind; the other party was 
an Englishman; who escaped without further injury than a deep gash 
in the cheek。  The Welshman might be mad; but it appeared to me 
that there was some method in his madness。  He tried to cut the 
throat of a butcher:  didn't this look like wishing to put a rival 
out of the way? and that butcher an Englishman:  didn't this look 
like wishing to pay back upon the Saxon what the Welsh call 
bradwriaeth y cyllyll hirion; the treachery of the long knives?  So 
reasoned I to myself。  But here perhaps the reader will ask what is 
meant by 〃the treachery of the long knives?〃 whether he does or not 
I will tell him。

Hengist wishing to become paramount in Southern Britain thought 
that the easiest way to accomplish his wish would be by destroying 
the South British chieftains。  Not believing that he should be able 
to make away with them by open force he determined to see what he 
could do by treachery。  Accordingly he invited the chieftains to a 
banquet to be held near Stonehenge; or the Hanging Stones; on 
Salisbury Plains。  The unsuspecting chieftains accepted the 
invitation; and on the appointed day repaired to the banquet; which 
was held in a huge tent。  Hengist received them with a smiling 
countenance and every appearance of hospitality; and caused them to 
sit down to table; placing by the side of every Briton one of his 
own people。  The banquet commenced; and all seemingly was mirth and 
hilarity。  Now Hengist had commanded his people that when he should 
get up and cry 〃nemet eoure saxes;〃 that is; take your knives; each 
Saxon should draw his long sax; or knife; which he wore at his 
side; and should plunge it into the throat of his neighbour。  The 
banquet went on; and in the midst of it; when the unsuspecting 
Britons were revelling on the good cheer which had been provided 
for them; and half…drunken with the mead and beer which flowed in 
torrents; uprose Hengist; and with a voice of thunder uttered the 
fatal words 〃nemet eoure saxes:〃 the cry was obeyed; each Saxon 
grasped his knife and struck with it at the throat of his 
defenceless neighbour。  Almost every blow took effect; only three 
British chieftains escaping from the banquet of blood。  This 
infernal carnage the Welsh have appropriately denominated the 
treachery of the long knives。  It will be as well to observe that 
the Saxons derived their name from the saxes; or long knives; which 
they wore at their sides; and at the use of which they were 
terribly proficient。

Two or three days after the attempt at murder at Llangollen; 
hearing that the Welsh butcher was about to be brought before the 
magistrates; I determined to make an effort to be present at the 
examination。  Accordingly I went to the police station and inquired 
of the superintendent whether I could be permitted to attend。  He 
was a North Briton; as I have stated somewhere before; and I had 
scraped acquaintance with him; and had got somewhat into his good 
graces by praising Dumfries; his native place; and descanting to 
him upon the beauties of the poetry of his celebrated countryman; 
my old friend; Allan Cunningham; some of whose works he had 
perused; and with whom as he said; he had once the honour of 
shaking hands。  In reply to my question he told me that it was 
doubtful whether any examination would take place; as the wounded 
man was in a very weak state; but that if I would return in half…
an…hour he would let me know。  I went away; and at the end of the 
half…hour returned; when he told me that there would be no public 
examination; owing to the extreme debility of the wounded man; but 
that one of the magistrates was about to proceed to his house and 
take his deposition in the presence of the criminal and also of the 
witnesses of the deed; and that if I pleased I might go along with 
him; and he had no doubt that the magistrate would have no 
objection to my being present。  We set out together; as we were 
going along I questioned him about the state of the country; and 
gathered from him that there was occasionally a good deal of crime 
in Wales。

〃Are the Welsh a clannish people?〃 I demanded。

〃Very;〃 said he。

〃As clannish as the Highlanders?〃 said I。

〃Yes;〃 said he; 〃and a good deal more。〃

We came to the house of the wounded butcher; which was some way out 
of the town in the north…western suburb。  The magistrate was in the 
lower apartment with the clerk; one or two officials; and the 
surgeon of the town。  He was a gentleman of about two or three and 
forty; with a military air and large moustaches; for besides being 
a justice of the peace and a landed proprietor; he was an officer 
in the army。  He made me a polite bow when I entered; and I 
requested of him permission to be present at the examination。  He 
hesitated a moment and then asked me my motive for wishing to be 
present at it。

〃Merely curiosity;〃 said I。

He then observed that as the examination would be a private one; my 
being permitted or not was quite optional。

〃I am aware of that;〃 said I; 〃and if you think my remaining is 
objectionable I will forthwith retire。〃  He looked at the clerk; 
who said there could be no objection to my staying; and turning 
round to his superior said something to him which I did not hear; 
whereupon the magistrate again bowed and said that he should he 
very happy to grant my request。

We went upstairs and found the wounded man in bed with a bandage 
round his forehead; and his wife sitting by his bedside。  The 
magistrate and his officials took their seats; and I was 
accommodated with a chair。  Presently the prisoner was introduced 
under the charge of a policeman。  He was a fellow somewhat above 
thirty; of the middle size; and wore a dirty white frock coat; his 
right arm was partly confined by a manacle。  A young girl was 
sworn; who deposed that she saw the prisoner run after the other 
with something in his hand。  The wounded man was then asked whether 
he thought he was able to make a deposition; he replied in a very 
feeble tone that he thought he was; and after being sworn deposed 
that on the preceding Saturday; as he was going to his stall; the 
prisoner came up to him and asked whether he had ever done him any 
injury? he said no。  〃I then;〃 said he; 〃observed the prisoner's 
countenance undergo a change; and saw him put his hand to his 
waistcoat…pocket and pull out a knife。  I straight became 
frightened; and ran away as fast as I could; the prisoner followed; 
and overtaking me; stabbed me in the face。  I ran into the yard of 
a public…house and into the shop of an acquaintance; where I fell 
down; the blood spouting out of my wound。〃  Such was the deposition 
of the wounded butcher。  He was then asked whether there had been 
any quarrel between him and the prisoner?  He said there had been 
no quarrel; but that he had refused to drink with the prisoner when 
he requested him; which he had done very frequently; and had more 
than once told him that he did not wish for his acquaintance。  The 
prisoner; on being asked; after the usual caution; whether he had 
anything to say; said that he merely wished to mark the man but not 
to kill him。  The surgeon of the place deposed to the nature of the 
wound; and on being asked his opinion with respect to the state of 
the prisoner's mind; said that he believed that he might be 
labouring under a delusion。  After the prisoner's bloody weapon and 
coat had been produced he was committed。

It was generally said that the prisoner was disordered in his mind; 
I held my tongue; but judging from his look and manner I saw no 
reason to suppose that he was any more out of his senses than I 
myself; or any person present; and I had no doubt that what induced 
him to commit the act was rage at being looked down upon by a 
quondam acquaintance; who was rising a little in the world; 
exacerbated by the reflection that the disdainful quondam 
acquaintance was one of the Saxon race; against which every 
Welshman entertains a grudge more or less virulent; which; though 
of course; very unchristianlike; is really; brother Englishman; 
after the affair of the long knives; and two or three other actions 
of a somewhat similar character of our noble Anglo…Saxon 
progenitors; with which all Welshmen are perfectly well acquainted; 
not very much to be wondered at。



CHAPTER LIII



The Dylluan … The Oldest Creatures。


MUCH rain fell about the middle of the month; in the intervals of 
the showers I occasionally walked by the banks of the river which 
speedily became much swollen; it was quite terrible both to the 
sight and ear near the 〃Robber's Leap;〃 there were breakers above 
the higher stones at least five feet high and a roar around almost 
sufficient 〃to scare a hundred men。〃  The pool of Lingo was 
strangely altered; it was no longer the quiet pool which it was in 
summer; verifying the words of the old Welsh poet that the deepest 
pool of the river is always the stillest in

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