抢占奥运-第6部分
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and quickly throws the ball to the player covering first base to put out the batter。 A runner scores by successfully moving around all the bases and crossing home plate without being put out。 Scoring is usually the result of a combination of base hits； walks； or sacrifices； skillful baserunning； or errors by the defensive team。 Sometimes the batter circles the bases on one hit。 This is known as a home run。 A batter usually scores a home run by hitting the ball over the outfield fence。 On rare occasions； however； the batter may round all four bases without hitting the ball over the fence。 This play is known as an inside…the…park home run。 If there are base runners at the time the home run is hit； those players also round the bases and score。 If there are base runners on all three bases when the batter hits a home run； the team at bat scores four runs； and the play is called a grand slam。
如果击球员击中球后进垒，并且外场手不能有效地防守，称为安打。在安打后，要尽量在宣布出局前奔跑上垒。安打后击球员进至一垒叫作一垒打；击球员进至二垒叫作二垒打；进至三垒叫三垒打。击球员除了安打和自由上垒外，还有几种进垒方式。如投手将球击中击球员；守场员失误，捕手触到击球员的球棒，在三击之前，击球员在守场员触垒或触杀击球员之前进至一垒等。如果守场员在比赛中同时将两名跑垒员杀出局，则称为双杀。在跑垒员试图从一垒进至二垒时，内场手接到球，触二垒封杀跑垒员，并把球传给一垒防守球员，触杀击球员出局。跑垒员安全通过全部垒位，并在宣判出局前返回本垒，就可得分。只有结合安打，自由上垒、牺牲打；熟练的跑垒；以及对方的防守失误等因素才能得分。有时击球员可以一击打出本垒打，安全返回本垒。本垒打的球大多是打到外场围栏以外的高飞球。也有极少数情况，击球员没把球打到围栏以外就安全跑回本垒，叫作场内本垒打。如果本垒打时其他垒位上有跑垒员，其他球员也可以上垒得分。如果在满垒时击出本垒打，攻方可得4分，叫作满贯全垒打。
More about Baseball
Batting Order击球员上场顺序：
Order in which a team must come to bat。 Also called the lineup。 If a player bats out of turn； deliberately or otherwise； he is out； provided the team in the field realizes the error and appeals to the umpire immediately after the illegal batter has finished his time at bat。 The only way the batting order can be changed is the use of a substitute batter （one not already in the game）。 Once a player has been substituted for； he is no longer permitted to re…enter in the game。
Base hit安打：
Single一垒打：
Base hit on which only first base is legally and safely reached。
Double二垒打：
A two base hit。 Also called a two bagger。
Triple三垒打：
A hit that allows a batter to reach third base。
Home run本垒打：
Also known as a homer， a hit by a batter； which usually goes over the outfield fence； that enables him to run around all the bases safely。
Run Batted In打点：
Also known as RBI。 Credit given to a batter for each run that scores when he makes a safe hit； is retired by an infield or outfield putout； or when a run is forced in because he becomes a base runner。
Grand slam满贯本垒打：
A home run with a baserunner on each base； scoring four runs。
Walk自由上垒：
An automatic advance to first base for the batter after the pitcher throws four balls。 Also called “Base on Balls”。
Hit by Pitch击中击球员：
If a ball delivered by a pitcher hits the batter； in spite of his attempt to avoid being hit； it is a Hit by Pitch and the batter is entitled to first base。
Sacrifice牺牲打：
Play in which the batter is out but is not charged with an official time at bat because he has succeeded in moving a teammate along on the bases at the expense of his turn at bat； whether intentionally or not。 There are two types of sacrifices： the sacrifice bunt and the sacrifice fly。
Drag Bunt触击：
Bunt pulled down the first base line by a left handed hitter。 A bunt in the same direction by a right handed hitter is a push bunt。 The drag bunt is used mostly by fast runners。
Slide滑垒：
In order to make a smaller target for the fielder to tag and to make sure not to overrun the base； a runner going into a base will often slide。
Stolen Base偷垒：
The act of a runner gaining a base without the help of a hit； an error or a walk。 Occurs when the pitched ball is on its way to the batter。
Squeeze Play抢分触击：
The Squeeze Play is performed with a runner on third base and less than two outs。 The batter bunts the pitcher's pitch to the ground in order to allow the runner to reach home plate safely。
The defensive team tries to pick up the ball and throw it to the catcher who defends home plate。
SAFETY SQUEEZE： the runner on third base runs to home after seeing the ball bunted to the ground。
SUICIDE SQUEEZE： the runner on third base runs to home when the pitcher begins to deliver the pitch。
KEY WORDS 重点词汇
infield
内场
outfield
外场
base
垒位
first base
一垒
second base
二垒
third base
三垒
inning
局
pitcher
投手
batter
击球员
catcher
捕手
runner
跑垒员
fielder
外场手
strike zone
好球区
strike
好球/击
ball
坏球/球
save
安全上垒
walk
保送
single
一垒打
double
二垒打
triple
三垒打
strike out
三击出局
tag
触杀
force
封杀
home run
本垒打
正文排球的技术
Techniques of Volleyball
排球的技战术
When volleyball started out； there was a pretty basic plan to win the game。 Get the ball over the net to the other side in three hits or less。 It did not take long before the basic strategy of 〃set； spike〃 came about。 It was natural to develop a strategy that allowed for the smooth progression of the set； spike。 This is now referred to as the 〃4…2〃。 The 4…2 offense was one of the first strategic offenses used in volleyball。 Each team has 4 hitters and 2 setters。 The setters play opposite each other； so that one is always in the front row and one is always in the back row。 When in the front row； the setter sets； when in the back row； the setter passes。 Therefore； there is always a setter and 2 hitters in the front row。 In an effort to have the most hitters or blockers on the front row at the same time； the 〃6…2〃 system was developed。 The key feature of the 6…2 offense is that there are two setters on the court at a time opposite each other in the rotation and the primary setter is the one in the back row。 This means that the three front row players； including the setter in the front row； are all hitters or blockers。
为赢得比赛，在开局前都要做一个较为周密的布局安排。在把球击打至对方场地之前，只能击球三次以下。最基本的二传和扣球策略可在短时间内做出。找到一种使二传和扣球之间保持流畅的战略自然地提到日程上来。这种战略目前指的是四二配备。四二配备是最先应用到排球进攻中的战略。每队有四名击球员和两名二传手，二传手站成对角，这样前排和后排总是各有一个二传手；二传手站在前排时进行二传，站在后排时进行一传。因此，在前排总有一名二传手和两名击球员。为了使大多数击球员或拦网球员，能同时出现在前排，六二配备出现了。六二配备的主要特点是：场上同时有两名二传手，他们在轮转中站对角，主力二传手站在后排。也就是说，前排的三名队员，包括前排的二传手，都是击球员和拦网球员。
In a 6…2 system； how do you get into position？ When your team is serving； you can switch immediately； as soon as the server strikes the ball。 When the other team is serving； you must first receive the serve； then attack； then switch。 The back row setter plays defense first； if the other team attacks； the back row setter might need to dig。 There is also a 6…3 variant where there are 3 setters on the court at a time。 In this case the setter who is in the right back （serving） or middle back position is usually the primary setter。 When two setters are in the back row the left back one is just a regular defender。 The setters in the front row are hitters and blockers。 Situations similar to the 6…3 may arise when rotating in additional players from the side。 The exact formations may vary slightly in this case but the basic principles remain the same。 The 5…1 is perhaps the most complicated volleyball formation in volleyball to run。 However； used correctly it can be a very effective formation which can cause confusion for opponents。 The line…up is basic： one setter and five hitters。 Unlike the 6…2； where there are two setters who alternate between setting and hitting； in the 5…1； the single setter must be fast； accurate and in good shape。 Also； because of the unique role of being a front row setter； it helps if the setter can jump over the net for blocking and dinking。 A setter； attacking or dumping the ball on the second hit will ruin even the best defense's day。
在六二配备中队员应该如何就位呢？当本队发球时，在发球者击球的同时迅速转换位置。在对方发球时，你必须首先接发球，然后进攻，之后换位。后排二传手首先要防御。如果另一个队进攻，后排二传手可能需要救球。还有一种是六三配备的变体，在场上同时有三名二传手。这时，位于右后场发球的二传手或者中后场的二传手通常为主力二传手。当后排有两名二传手时，左后方的一位只是一名普通的防守队员；前排的二传手是击球员和拦网队员。当本方的额外队员参加轮转时，类似六三配备的阵容可能会形成。编队可能会以此为基础有一定的变化，但基本原理不变。在排球比赛的跑动中，五一配备也许是最复杂的一种编队了。然而，正确的应用会使它成为一种最为有效的编队，可以引发对手的混乱。队形的基础是：一名二传手，五名击球员。与6…2配备中两名二传手轮流进行二传和击球不同，5…1配备中的这名唯一的二传手必须动作迅速而准确，而且要随时保持最佳状态。由于这名前排二传手任务的独特，如果他能够跳起拦网和吊球，将对球队大有帮助。在第二次触球时，这名二传手的进攻或者二次进攻足以打破最佳的防守阵容。
A vital part of volleyball off
