the life of charlotte bronte-1-第2部分

按键盘上方向键 ← 或 → 可快速上下翻页，按键盘上的 Enter 键可回到本书目录页，按键盘上方向键 ↑ 可回到本页顶部！
————未阅读完？加入书签已便下次继续阅读！


rasses；　nor　altar…tombs；　nor　monuments；　but　there　is　a　mural　tablet　on　the　right…hand　side　of　the　communion…table；　bearing　the　following　inscription：…


HERE　LIE　THE　REMAINS　OF　MARIA　BRONTE；　WIFE　OF　THE　REV。　P。　BRONTE；　A。B。；　MINISTER　OP　HAWORTH。　HER　SOUL　DEPARTED　TO　THE　SAVIOUR；　SEPT。　15TH；　1821；　IN　THE　39TH　YEAR　OF　HER　AGE。

〃Be　ye　also　ready：　　for　in　such　an　hour　as　ye　think　not　the　Son　of　Man　cometh。〃　　MATTHEW　xxiv。　44。

ALSO　HERE　LIE　THE　REMAINS　OF　MARIA　BRONTE；　DAUGHTER　OF　THE　AFORESAID；　SHE　DIED　ON　THE　6TH　OF　MAY；　1825；　IN　THE　12TH　YEAR　OF　HER　AGE；　AND　OF　ELIZABETH　BRONTE；　HER　SISTER；　WHO　DIED　JUNE　15TH；　1825；　IN　THE　11TH　YEAR　OF　HER　AGE。

〃Verily　I　say　unto　you；　Except　ye　be　converted；　and　become　as　little　children；　ye　shall　not　enter　into　the　kingdom　of　heaven。〃　MATTHEW　xviii。　3。

HERE　ALSO　LIE　THE　REMAINS　OF　PATRICK　BRANWELL　BRONTE；　WHO　DIED　SEPT。　24TH；　1848；　AGED　3O　YEARS；　AND　OF　EMILY　JANE　BRONTE；　WHO　DIED　DEC。　19TH；　1848；　AGED　29　YEARS；　SON　AND　DAUGHTER　OF　THE　REV。　P。　BRONTE；　INCUMBENT。

THIS　STONE　IS　ALSO　DEDICATED　TO　THE　MEMORY　OF　ANNE　BRONTE；　｛1｝　YOUNGEST　DAUGHTER　OF　THE　REV。　P。　BRONTE；　A。B。　SHE　DIED；　AGED　27　YEARS；　MAY　28TH；　1849；　AND　WAS　BURIED　AT　THE　OLD　CHURCH；　SCARBORO。'


At　the　upper　part　of　this　tablet　ample　space　is　allowed　between　the　lines　of　the　inscription；　when　the　first　memorials　were　written　down；　the　survivors；　in　their　fond　affection；　thought　little　of　the　margin　and　verge　they　were　leaving　for　those　who　were　still　living。　　But　as　one　dead　member　of　the　household　follows　another　fast　to　the　grave；　the　lines　are　pressed　together；　and　the　letters　become　small　and　cramped。　　After　the　record　of　Anne's　death；　there　is　room　for　no　other。

But　one　more　of　that　generationthe　last　of　that　nursery　of　six　little　motherless　childrenwas　yet　to　follow；　before　the　survivor；　the　childless　and　widowed　father；　found　his　rest。　　On　another　tablet；　below　the　first；　the　following　record　has　been　added　to　that　mournful　list：…


ADJOINING　LIE　THE　REMAINS　OF　CHARLOTTE；　WIFE　OF　THE　REV。　ARTHUR　BELL　NICHOLLS；　A。B。；　AND　DAUGHTER　OF　THE　REV。　P。　　BRONTE；　A。B。；　INCUMBENT　SHE　DIED　MARCH　31ST；　1855；　IN　THE　39TH　YEAR　OF　HER　AGE。　｛2｝


This　tablet；　which　corrects　the　error　in　the　former　tablet　as　to　the　age　of　Anne　Bronte；　bears　the　following　inscription　in　Roman　letters；　the　initials；　however；　being　in　old　English。

In　Memory　of　Maria；　wife　of　the　Rev。　P。　Bronte；　A。B。；　Minister　of　Haworth；　She　died　Sept。　15th；　1821；　in　the　39th　year　of　her　age。　Also；　of　Maria；　their　daughter；　who　died　May　6th；　1825；　in　the　12th　year　of　her　age。　Also；　of　Elizabeth；　their　daughter；　who　died　June　15th；　1825；　in　the　11th　year　of　her　age。　Also；　of　Patrick　Branwell；　their　son；　who　died　Sept。　24th；　1848；　aged　31　years。　Also；　of　Emily　Jane；　their　daughter；　who　died　Dec。　19th；　1848；　aged　30　years。　Also；　of　Anne；　their　daughter；　who　died　May　28th；　1849；　aged　29　years。　　She　was　buried　at　the　Old　Church；　Scarborough。　Also；　of　Charlotte；　their　daughter；　wife　of　the　Rev。　A。　B。　Nicholls；　B。A。　　She　died　March　31st；　1855；　in　the　39th　year　of　her　age。　〃The　sting　of　death　is　sin；　and　the　strength　of　sin　is　the　law；　but　thanks　be　to　God　which　giveth　us　the　victory　through　our　Lord　Jesus　Christ。〃1　Cor。　xv。　56；　57。



CHAPTER　II



For　a　right　understanding　of　the　life　of　my　dear　friend；　Charlotte　Bronte；　it　appears　to　me　more　necessary　in　her　case　than　in　most　others；　that　the　reader　should　be　made　acquainted　with　the　peculiar　forms　of　population　and　society　amidst　which　her　earliest　years　were　passed；　and　from　which　both　her　own　and　her　sisters'　first　impressions　of　human　life　must　have　been　received。　　I　shall　endeavour；　therefore；　before　proceeding　further　with　my　work；　to　present　some　idea　of　the　character　of　the　people　of　Haworth；　and　the　surrounding　districts。

Even　an　inhabitant　of　the　neighbouring　county　of　Lancaster　is　struck　by　the　peculiar　force　of　character　which　the　Yorkshiremen　display。　　This　makes　them　interesting　as　a　race；　while；　at　the　same　time；　as　individuals；　the　remarkable　degree　of　self…　sufficiency　they　possess　gives　them　an　air　of　independence　rather　apt　to　repel　a　stranger。　　I　use　this　expression　〃self…sufficiency〃　in　the　largest　sense。　　Conscious　of　the　strong　sagacity　and　the　dogged　power　of　will　which　seem　almost　the　birthright　of　the　natives　of　the　West　Riding；　each　man　relies　upon　himself；　and　seeks　no　help　at　the　hands　of　his　neighbour。　　From　rarely　requiring　the　assistance　of　others；　he　comes　to　doubt　the　power　of　bestowing　it：　　from　the　general　success　of　his　efforts；　he　grows　to　depend　upon　them；　and　to　over…esteem　his　own　energy　and　power。　He　belongs　to　that　keen；　yet　short…sighted　class；　who　consider　suspicion　of　all　whose　honesty　is　not　proved　as　a　sign　of　wisdom。　The　practical　qualities　of　a　man　are　held　in　great　respect；　but　the　want　of　faith　in　strangers　and　untried　modes　of　action；　extends　itself　even　to　the　manner　in　which　the　virtues　are　regarded；　and　if　they　produce　no　immediate　and　tangible　result；　they　are　rather　put　aside　as　unfit　for　this　busy；　striving　world；　especially　if　they　are　more　of　a　passive　than　an　active　character。　The　affections　are　strong　and　their　foundations　lie　deep：　　but　they　are　notsuch　affections　seldom　arewide…spreading；　nor　do　they　show　themselves　on　the　surface。　　Indeed；　there　is　little　display　of　any　of　the　amenities　of　life　among　this　wild；　rough　population。　　Their　accost　is　curt；　their　accent　and　tone　of　speech　blunt　and　harsh。　　Something　of　this　may；　probably；　be　attributed　to　the　freedom　of　mountain　air　and　of　isolated　hill…side　life；　something　be　derived　from　their　rough　Norse　ancestry。　　They　have　a　quick　perception　of　character；　and　a　keen　sense　of　humour；　the　dwellers　among　them　must　be　prepared　for　certain　uncomplimentary；　though　most　likely　true；　observations；　pithily　expressed。　　Their　feelings　are　not　easily　roused；　but　their　duration　is　lasting。　Hence　there　is　much　close　friendship　and　faithful　service；　and　for　a　correct　exemplification　of　the　form　in　which　the　latter　frequently　appears；　I　need　only　refer　the　reader　of　〃Wuthering　Heights〃　to　the　character　of　〃Joseph。〃

From　the　same　cause　come　also　enduring　grudges；　in　some　cases　amounting　to　hatred；　which　occasionally　has　been　bequeathed　from　generation　to　generation。　　I　remember　Miss　Bronte　once　telling　me　that　it　was　a　saying　round　about　Haworth；　〃Keep　a　stone　in　thy　pocket　seven　year；　turn　it；　and　keep　it　seven　year　longer；　that　it　may　be　ever　ready　to　thine　hand　when　thine　enemy　draws　near。〃

The　West　Riding　men　are　sleuth…hounds　in　pursuit　of　money。　　Miss　Bronte　related　to　my　husband　a　curious　instance　illustrative　of　this　eager　desire　for　riches。　　A　man　that　she　knew；　who　was　a　small　manufacturer；　had　engaged　in　many　local　speculations　which　had　always　turned　out　well；　and　thereby　rendered　him　a　person　of　some　wealth。　　He　was　rather　past　middle　age；　when　he　bethought　him　of　insuring　his　life；　and　he　had　only　just　taken　out　his　policy；　when　he　fell　ill　of　an　acute　disease　which　was　certain　to　end　fatally　in　a　very　few　days。　　The　doctor；　half…hesitatingly；　revealed　to　him　his　hopeless　state。　　〃By　jingo！〃　cried　he；　rousing　up　at　once　into　the　old　energy；　〃I　shall　DO　the　insurance　company！　I　always　was　a　lucky　fellow！〃

These　men　are　keen　and　shrewd；　faithful　and　persevering　in　following　out　a　good　purpose；　fell　in　tracking　an　evil　one。　　They　are　not　emotional；　they　are　not　easily　made　into　either　friends　or　enemies；　but　once　lovers　or　haters；　it　is　difficult　to　change　their　feeling。　　They　are　a　powerful　race　both　in　mind　and　body；　both　for　good　and　for　evil。

The　woollen　manufacture　was　introduced　into　this　district　in　the　days　of　Edward　III。　　It　is　traditionally　said　that　a　colony　of　Flemings　came　over　and　settled　in　the　West　Riding　to　teach　the　inhabitants　what　to　do　with　their　wool。　　The　mixture　of　agricultural　with　manufacturing　labour　that　ensued　and　prevailed　in　the　West　Riding　up　to　a　very　recent　period；　sounds　pleasant　enough　at　this　distance　of　time；　when　the　classical　impression　is　left；　and　the　details　forgotten；　or　only　brought　to　light　by　those　who　explore　the　few　remote　parts　of　England　where　the　custom　still　lingers。　　The　idea　of　the　mistress　and　her　maidens　spinning　at　the　great　wheels　while　the　master　was　abroad　ploughing　his　fields；　or　seeing　after　his　flocks　on　the　purple　moors；　is　very　poetical　to　look　back　upon；　but　when　such　life　actually　touches　on　our　own　days；　and　we　can　hear　particulars　from　the　lips　of　those　now　living；　there　come　out　details　of　coarsenessof　the　uncouthness　of　the　rustic　mingled　with　the　sharpness　of　the　tradesmanof　irregularity　and　fierce　lawlessnessthat　rather　mar　the　vision　of　pastoral　innocence　and　simplicity。　　Still；　as　it　is　the　exceptional　and　exaggerated　characteristics　of　any　period　that　leave　the　most　vivid　memory　behind　them；　it　would　be　wrong；　and　in　my　opinion　faithless；　to　conclude　that　such　and　such　forms　of　society　and　modes　of　living　were　not　best　for　the　period　when　they　prevailed；　although　the　abuses　they　may　have　led　into；　and　the　gradual　progress　of　the　world；　have　made　it　well　that　such　ways　and　manners　should　pass　away　for　ever；　and　as　preposterous　to　attempt　to　return　to　them；　as　it　would　be　for　a　man　to　return　to　the　clothes　of　his　childhood。

The　patent　granted　to　Alderman　Cockayne；　and　the　further　restrictions　imposed　by　James　I。　on　the　export　of　undyed　woollen　cloths　（met　by　a　prohibition　on　the　part　of　the　States　of　Holland　of　the　import　of　English…dyed　cloths）；　injured　the　trade　of　the　West　Riding　manufacturers　considerably。　　Their　independence　of　character；　their　dislike　of　authority；　and　their　strong　powers　of　thought；　predisposed　them　to　rebellion　against　the　religious　dictation　of　such　men　as　Laud；　and　the　arbitrary　rule　of　the　Stuarts；　and　the　injury　done　by　James　and　Charles　to　the　trade　by　which　they　gained　their　bread；　made　the　great　majority　of　them　Commonwealth　men。　　I　shall　have　occasion　afterwards　to　give　one　or　two　instances　of　the　warm　feelings　and　extensive　knowledge　on　subjects　of　both　home　and　foreign　politics　existing　at　the　present　day　in　the　villages　lying　west　and　east　of　the　mountainous　ridge　that　separates　Yorkshire　and　Lancashire；　the　inhabitants　of　which　are　of　the　same　race　and　possess　the　same　quality