ismailia-第115部分

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communicate　by　letter　（addressed　to　Livingstone）　in　the　distant　country
of　Unyanyembe；　but　a　reply　was　sent　by　Lieutenant　Cameron；　together　with
large　presents　of　ivory；　to　me　at　Gondokoro；　＇*＇　as　I　have　been
informed　by　a　letter　from　Colonel　Gordon。

＇*Footnote：　The　letter　and　the　ivory　from　M'tese　were　received　by
Colonel　Gordon。＇

The　Khedive　of　Egypt；　having　appointed　Colonel　Gordon；　R。E。；　has　proved
his　determination　to　continue　the　work　that　was　commenced　under　so　many
difficulties。　The　Nile　has　been　opened　to　navigation；　and　if　the
troubles　that　I　encountered　and　overcame　shall　have　smoothed　the　path
for　my　able　and　energetic　successor；　I　shall　have　been　well　rewarded。

The　first　steps　in　establishing　the　authority　of　a　new　government　in　a
tribe　hitherto　savage　and　intractable　were　of　necessity　accompanied　by
military　operations。　War　is　inseparable　from　annexation；　and　the　law　of
force；　resorted　to　in　self…defence；　was　absolutely　indispensable　to
prove　the　superiority　of　the　power　that　was　eventually　to　govern。　The
end　justified　the　means。

At　the　commencement　of　the　expedition　I　had　felt　that　the　object　of　the
enterprise〃the　suppression　of　the　slave　trade〃was　one　for　which　I
could　confidently　ask　a　blessing。

A　firm　belief　in　Providential　support　has　not　been　unrewarded。　In　the
midst　of　sickness　and　malaria　we　had　strength；　from　acts　of　treachery　we
were　preserved　unharmed；　in　personal　encounters　we　remained　unscathed。
In　the　end；　every　opposition　was　overcome：　hatred　and　insubordination
yielded　to　discipline　and　order。　A　paternal　government　extended　its
protection　through　lands　hitherto　a　field　for　anarchy　and　slavery。　The
territory　within　my　rule　was　purged　from　the　slave　trade。　The　natives　of
the　great　Shooli　tribe；　relieved　from　their　oppressors；　clung　to　the
protecting　government。　The　White　Nile；　for　a　distance　of　1；600　miles
from　Khartoum　to　Central　Africa；　was　cleansed　from　the　abomination　of　a
traffic　which　had　hitherto　sullied　its　waters。

Every　cloud　had　passed　away；　and　the　term　of　my　office　expired　in　peace
and　sunshine。　In　this　result；　I　humbly　traced　God's　blessing。



FINIS。






APPENDIX。

A　few　extracts　from　the　valuable　work　of　Dr。　Schweinfurth　will　throw　a
light　upon　the　spirit　which　animated　the　authorities；　all　of　whom　were
incensed　at　my　having　presumed　to　understand　the　Khedive's　orders
literally　respecting　the　suppression　of　the　slave　trade。

In　page　485；　vol。　ii。；　he　writes：〃　The　ill…feeling　and　smothered　rage
against　Sir　Samuel　Baker's　interference　nurtured　by　the　higher
authorities；　breaks　out　very　strongly　amongst　the　less　reticent　lower
officials。　In　Fashoda；　and　even　in　Khartoum；　I　heard　complaints　that　we
（the　Franks）　were　the　prime　cause　of　all　the　trouble；　and　if　it　had　not
been　for　our　eternal　agitation　with　the　Viceroy；　such　measures　would
never　have　been　enforced。〃

In　page　477；　vol。　ii。；　he　continues：〃Notwithstanding　that　Sir　Samuel
Baker　was　still　on　the　upper　waters　of　the　river；　the　idea　was　quite
prevalent　in　all　the　seribas；　that　as　soon　as　the　'English　Pacha'　had
turned　his　back　upon　Fashoda　（the　government　station　in　the　Shillook
country）；　the　mudir　（governor）　would　relapse　into　his　former　habits；　and
levy　a　good　round　sum　on　the　head　of　every　slave；　and　then　let　the
contraband　stock　pass　without　more　ado。　But　for　once　the　seriba　people
were　reckoning　without　their　host。　The　mudir　had　been　so　severely
reprimanded　by　Baker　for　his　former　delinquencies；　that　he　thought　it
his　best　policy；　for　this　year　at　least；　to　be　as　energetic　as　he　could
in　his　exertions　against　the　forbidden　trade。〃

In　page　470；　vol。　ii。；　Dr。　Schweinfurth　writes：〃I　knew　that　Sir
Samuel　Baker　was　upon　the　Upper　Nile；　and　did　not　doubt　that　his
presence　would　have　the　effect　of　making　the　government　take　the　most
strenuous　measures　against　any　import　of　slaves。〃

Page　429；　vol。　ii。：〃　Before　Sir　Samuel　Baker's　expedition　put　a　stop
to　it　altogether；　the　slave　trade　that　was　carried　on　down　the　river　was
quite　insignificant　compared　to　the　overland　traffic。〃　〃For　years　there
has　been　a　public　prohibition　against　bringing　slaves　down　the　White
Nile　into　Khartoum；　and　ever　and　again　stronger　repressive　measures　have
been　introduced；　which；　however；　have　only　had　the　effect　of　raising　the
land　traffic　to　a　premium；　but　as　a　general　rule；　the　Egyptian　officials
connive　at　the　use　of　this　comparatively　unimportant　channel　of　the
trade；　and　pocket　a　quiet　little　revenue　for　themselves　by　demanding　a
sum　varying　from　two　to　five　dollars　a　head　as　hush…money。〃

In　page　429；　vol。　ii。：〃The　expedition　of　Sir　Samuel　Baker　has　stopped
the　source。〃

In　page　410；　vol。　ii。；　Dr。　Schweinfurth　writes：〃Already　had　Sir　Samuel
Baker；　with　praiseworthy　energy；　commenced　scouring　the　waters　of　the
Upper　Nile；　and　by　capturing　all　slave…vessels　and　abolishing　a　large
'chasua'　belonging　to　the　mudir　（governor）　of　Fashoda；　had　left　no　doubt
as　to　the　earnestness　of　his　purpose；〃　&c。

In　page　83；　vol。　i。：〃Beyond　the　true　eastern　shore；　the　Dinka　are　said
to　be　settled　in　extensive　villages；　and　at　that　time　still　furnished　an
inexhaustible　supply　of　slaves　to　the　marauding　expeditions　of　the
garrison　of　Fashoda。　In　1870　Baker　succeeded　in　putting　an　end　to　this
disorder；　the　knowledge　of　which　penetrated　to　the　most　remote　tribes。〃

The　evidence　of　so　trustworthy　a　traveller　as　Dr。　Schweinfurth　is
exceedingly　valuable；　as　he　was　in　the　Western　Nile　districts　at　the
time　that　I　was　actively　engaged；　thus　he　had　opportunities　of
witnessing　the　results　of　my　interference；　and　the　hostility　exhibited
by　the　authorities。　He　is　simply　in　error　concerning　the　importance　of
the　slave　trade　of　the　river；　which　he　much　underrates；　as　will　have
already　been　seen　by　the　fact　of　700　slaves　being　stowed　away　upon　only
three　vessels　belonging　to　Abou　Saood。

These　vessels；　that　were　captured　by　my　orders　at　Fashoda；　on　their　way
towards　Khartoum；　were　an　example　of　the　truth　foretold　by　the　traders
with　whom　Dr。　Schweinfurth　was　travelling　in　the　west〃that　as　soon　as
the　English　Pacha　had　turned　his　back　upon　Fashoda；　the　governor　would
relapse　into　his　former　habits；　and　levy　a　good　round　sum　on　the　head　of
every　slave；　and　then　let　the　contraband　cargo　pass　without　more　ado。〃

There　were　always　well…known　slave　routes　through　Kordofan；　but　these
channels　became　of　extreme　importance　when　I　rendered　the　slave　traffic
of　the　river　impossible。

It　is　quite　unnecessary　to　write　more　on　the　subject　of　the　slave　trade。
The　Khedive　of　Egypt　was　sincere　when　he　gave　me　the　orders　to　suppress
this　horrible　traffic；　and　I　trust；　from　the　simple　description　of　the
expedition；　the　world　will　acknowledge　that　in　this　duty　I　exhibited　the
utmost　leniency　towards　the　ruffianly　lessees　of　the　Soudan　government。

I　am　convinced　that　the　Khedive　is　sincere　at　heart　in　wishing　to
suppress　the　slave　trade；　but　he　requires　unusual　moral　courage　to　enter
the　lists　single…handed　against　Egyptian　public　opinion。


MISSIONARY　LABOUR。

My　opinion　has　been　frequently　asked　on　this　subject；　and　many　have
endeavoured　to　persuade　me　that　a　rapid　change　and　improvement　of　the
natives　may　be　effected　by　such　an　agency。　I　cannot　resist　by　argument
such　fervent　hopes；　but　if　good　and　capable　men　are　determined　to　make
the　attempt；　they　may　now　be　assured　of　peace　and　security　at　Gondokoro；
where　they　will　have　the　advantage　of　the　good　name　left　by　the
excellent　but　unfortunate　members　of　the　late　Austrian　mission。

GEOGRAPHY。

I　have　not　changed　my　opinions　that　have　already　been　expressed　in　〃The
Albert　N'yanza；〃　except　that；　from　the　native　testimony；　I　presume　there
must　be　a　channel　which　connects　either　a　lake　or　series　of　lakes　with
the　Albert　N'yanza。

Without　a　guide；　it　would　be　a　work　of　much　time　and　difficulty　to
discover　the　true　channel　among　the　labyrinth…like　inlets　that
characterize　the　vast　beds　of　floating　water…grass。

Many　years　ago；　when　at　Magungo；　on　the　Albert　N'yanza；　I　could　not　at
first　believe　that　the　raft…choked　entrance　of　the　Victoria　Nile　in
apparently　dead　water　was　indeed　the　mouth　of　that　important　river。　My
subsequent　experience　in　the　marshy　and　lacustrine　Bahr　Giraffe　has
confirmed　my　impressions　of　the　extreme　difficulty　of　deciding　upon　the
non…existence　of　a　channel　until　after　a　lengthened　investigation。

I　cannot　conceive　that　the　Lualaba　of　Livingstone　can　be　included　within
the　Nile　Basin。　Livingstone　decided　the　level　of　the　Tanganyika　lake　to
be　within　72　feet　of　my　level　of　the　Albert　N'yanza。　With　the　same
instruments　he　determined　the　altitude　of　the　Lualaba　to　be　lower　than
the　Albert　N'yanza；　thus　showing　the　impossibility　of　a　connection
between　that　river　as　an　affluent　with　the　lake。

I　will　not　presume　to　assert　that　the　Lualaba　is　a　source　of　the　Congo；
as　I　have　a　strong　objection　to　geographical　theories　or　assertions
unless　proved　by　actual　inspection；　but　if　Livingstone's　observations
for　altitude　are　correct；　it　is　impossible　that　the　Lualaba　can　be
connected　with　the　Nile。　＇*＇

＇*Footnote：　Mr。　Stanley's　discoveries　since　this　was　written　have　
confirmed　my　suppositions。＇

Dr。　Schweinfurth's　discovery　of　the　Welle　river　flowing　towards　the
west；　between　the　3rd　and　4th　deg。　N。　lat。；　is　a　clear　proof　that　no
river　can　be　running　from　the　south　to　the　north…east　towards　the　Nile
Basin；　otherwise　the　Welle　river　would　be　intersected。

In　page　186；　vol。　ii。；　Dr。　Schweinfurth　＇*＇　writes：〃Its　course　＇the
Lualaba＇；　indeed；　was　towards　the　north；　but　Livingstone　was　manifestly
in　error　when　he　took　it　for　a　true　source　of　the　Nile；　a　supposition
that　might　have　some　semblance　of　foundation　originating　in　the
inexplicable　volume　of　the　water　of　Lake　M'wootan　（Albert　N'yanza）；　but
which　was　negatived　completely　as　soon　as　more　ample　investigation　had
been　made　as　to　the　comparative　level；　direction；　and　connection　of
other　rivers；　especially　of　the　Welle。〃

＇*Footnote：　〃The　Heart　of　Africa。〃＇

Although　Dr。　Schweinfurth　was　unprovided　with　astronomical　instruments；
we　may　place　thorough　reliance　in　the　integrity　and　ability　of　this
traveller；　who