history of florence-第95部分

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The　whole　winter　was　consumed　in　negotiations　between　the　Florentines

and　Genoese；　which；　by　the　pope's　intervention；　were　carried　on　at

Rome；　but　not　being　concluded　upon　the　return　of　spring；　the

Florentines　would　have　attacked　Serezana　had　they　not　been　prevented

by　the　illness　of　Lorenzo　de'　Medici；　and　the　war　between　the　pope　and

King　Ferrando；　for　Lorenzo　was　afflicted　not　only　by　the　gout；　which

seemed　hereditary　in　his　family；　but　also　by　violent　pains　in　the

stomach；　and　was　compelled　to　go　the　baths　for　relief。



The　more　important　reason　was　furnished　by　the　war；　of　which　this　was

the　origin。　The　city　of　L'Aquila；　though　subject　to　the　kingdom　of

Naples；　was　in　a　manner　free；　and　the　Count　di　Montorio　possessed

great　influence　over　it。　The　duke　of　Calabria　was　upon　the　banks　of

the　Tronto　with　his　men…at…arms；　under　pretense　of　appeasing　some

disturbances　among　the　peasantry；　but　really　with　a　design　of　reducing

L'Aquila　entirely　under　the　king's　authority；　and　sent　for　the　Count

di　Montorio；　as　if　to　consult　him　upon　the　business　he　pretended　then

to　have　in　hand。　The　count　obeyed　without　the　least　suspicion；　and　on

his　arrival　was　made　prisoner　by　the　duke　and　sent　to　Naples。　When

this　circumstance　became　known　at　L'Aquila；　the　anger　of　the

inhabitants　arose　to　the　highest　pitch；　taking　arms　they　killed

Antonio　Cencinello；　commissary　for　the　king；　and　with　him　some

inhabitants　known　partisans　of　his　majesty。　The　L'Aquilani；　in　order

to　have　a　defender　in　their　rebellion；　raised　the　banner　of　the

church；　and　sent　envoys　to　the　pope；　to　submit　their　city　and

themselves　to　him；　beseeching　that　he　would　defend　them　as　his　own

subjects　against　the　tyranny　of　the　king。　The　pontiff　gladly　undertook

their　defense；　for　he　had　both　public　and　private　reasons　for　hating

that　monarch；　and　Signor　Roberto　of　San　Severino；　an　enemy　of　the　duke

of　Milan；　being　disengaged；　was　appointed　to　take　the　command　of　his

forces；　and　sent　for　with　all　speed　to　Rome。　He　entreated　the　friends

and　relatives　of　the　Count　di　Montorio　to　withdraw　their　allegiance

from　the　king；　and　induced　the　princes　of　Altimura；　Salerno；　and

Bisignano　to　take　arms　against　him。　The　king；　finding　himself　so

suddenly　involved　in　war；　had　recourse　to　the　Florentines　and　the　duke

of　Milan　for　assistance。　The　Florentines　hesitated　with　regard　to

their　own　conduct；　for　they　felt　all　the　inconvenience　of　neglecting

their　own　affairs　to　attend　to　those　of　others；　and　hostilities

against　the　church　seemed　likely　to　involve　much　risk。　However；　being

under　the　obligation　of　a　League；　they　preferred　their　honor　to

convenience　or　security；　engaged　the　Orsini；　and　sent　all　their　own

forces　under　the　Count　di　Pitigliano　toward　Rome；　to　the　assistance　of

the　king。　The　latter　divided　his　forces　into　two　parts；　one；　under　the

duke　of　Calabria；　he　sent　toward　Rome；　which；　being　joined　by　the

Florentines；　opposed　the　army　of　the　church；　with　the　other；　under　his

own　command；　he　attacked　the　barons；　and　the　war　was　prosecuted　with

various　success　on　both　sides。　At　length；　the　king；　being　universally

victorious；　peace　was　concluded　by　the　intervention　of　the　ambassadors

of　the　king　of　Spain；　in　August；　1486；　to　which　the　pope　consented；

for　having　found　fortune　opposed　to　him　he　was　not　disposed　to　tempt

it　further。　In　this　treaty　all　the　powers　of　Italy　were　united；　except

the　Genoese；　who　were　omitted　as　rebels　against　the　republic　of　Milan；

and　unjust　occupiers　of　territories　belonging　to　the　Florentines。　Upon

the　peace　being　ratified；　Roberto　da　San　Severino；　having　been　during

the　war　a　treacherous　ally　of　the　church；　and　by　no　means　formidable

to　her　enemies；　left　Rome；　being　followed　by　the　forces　of　the　duke

and　the　Florentines；　after　passing　Cesena；　found　them　near　him；　and

urging　his　flight　reached　Ravenna　with　less　than　a　hundred　horse。　Of

his　forces；　part　were　received　into　the　duke's　service；　and　part　were

plundered　by　the　peasantry。　The　king；　being　reconciled　with　his

barons；　put　to　death　Jacopo　Coppola　and　Antonello　d'Aversa　and　their

sons；　for　having；　during　the　war；　betrayed　his　secrets　to　the　pope。







CHAPTER　VII



　　The　pope　becomes　attached　to　the　FlorentinesThe　Genoese　seize

　　SerezanelloThey　are　routed　by　the　FlorentinesSerezana

　　surrendersGenoa　submits　to　the　duke　of　MilanWar　between　the

　　Venetians　and　the　DutchOsimo　revolts　from　the　churchCount

　　Girolamo　Riario；　lord　of　Furli；　slain　by　a　conspiracyGaleotto；

　　lord　of　Faenza；　is　murdered　by　the　treachery　of　his　wifeThe

　　government　of　the　city　offered　to　the　FlorentinesDisturbances　in

　　SiennaDeath　of　Lorenzo　de'　MediciHis　eulogyEstablishment　of

　　his　familyEstates　bought　by　LorenzoHis　anxiety　for　the　defense

　　of　FlorenceHis　taste　for　arts　and　literatureThe　university　of

　　PisaThe　estimation　of　Lorenzo　by　other　princes。



The　pope　having　observed　in　the　course　of　the　war；　how　promptly　and

earnestly　the　Florentines　adhered　to　their　alliances；　although　he　had

previously　been　opposed　to　them　from　his　attachment　to　the　Genoese；

and　the　assistance　they　had　rendered　to　the　king；　now　evinced　a　more

amicable　disposition；　and　received　their　ambassadors　with　greater

favor　than　previously。　Lorenzo　de'　Medici；　being　made　acquainted　with

this　change　of　feeling；　encouraged　it　with　the　utmost　solicitude；　for

he　thought　it　would　be　of　great　advantage；　if　to　the　friendship　of　the

king　he　could　add　that　of　the　pontiff。　The　pope　had　a　son　named

Francesco；　upon　whom　designing　to　bestow　states　and　attach　friends　who

might　be　useful　to　him　after　his　own　death；　saw　no　safer　connection　in

Italy　than　Lorenzo's；　and　therefore　induced　the　latter　to　give　him　one

of　his　daughters　in　marriage。　Having　formed　this　alliance；　the　pope

desired　the　Genoese　to　concede　Serezana　to　the　Florentines；　insisting

that　they　had　no　right　to　detain　what　Agostino　had　sold；　nor　was

Agostino　justified　in　making　over　to　the　Bank　of　San　Giorgio　what　was

not　his　own。　However；　his　holiness　did　not　succeed　with　them；　for　the

Genoese；　during　these　transactions　at　Rome；　armed　several　vessels；

and；　unknown　to　the　Florentines；　landed　three　thousand　foot；　attacked

Serezanello；　situated　above　Serezana；　plundered　and　burnt　the　town

near　it；　and　then；　directing　their　artillery　against　the　fortress；

fired　upon　it　with　their　utmost　energy。　This　assault　was　new　and

unexpected　by　the　Florentines；　who　immediately　assembled　their　forces

under　Virginio　Orsino；　at　Pisa；　and　complained　to　the　pope；　that　while

he　was　endeavoring　to　establish　peace；　the　Genoese　had　renewed　their

attack　upon　them。　They　then　sent　Piero　Corsini　to　Lucca；　that　by　his

presence　he　might　keep　the　city　faithful；　and　Pagolantonio　Soderini　to

Venice；　to　learn　how　that　republic　was　disposed。　They　demanded

assistance　of　the　king　and　of　Signor　Lodovico；　but　obtained　it　from

neither；　for　the　king　expressed　apprehensions　of　the　Turkish　fleet；

and　Lodovico　made　excuses；　but　sent　no　aid。　Thus　the　Florentines　in

their　own　wars　are　almost　always　obliged　to　stand　alone；　and　find　no

friends　to　assist　them　with　the　same　readiness　they　practice　toward

others。　Nor　did　they；　on　this　desertion　of　their　allies　（it　being

nothing　new　to　them）　give　way　to　despondency；　for　having　assembled　a

large　army　under　Jacopo　Guicciardini　and　Pietro　Vettori；　they　sent　it

against　the　enemy；　who　had　encamped　upon　the　river　Magra；　at　the　same

time　pressing　Serezanello　with　mines　and　every　species　of　attack。　The

commissaries　being　resolved　to　relieve　the　place；　an　engagement

ensued；　when　the　Genoese　were　routed；　and　Lodovico　dal　Fiesco；　with

several　other　principal　men；　made　prisoners。　The　Serezanesi　were　not

so　depressed　at　their　defeat　as　to　be　willing　to　surrender；　but

obstinately　prepared　for　their　defense；　while　the　Florentine

commissaries　proceeded　with　their　operations；　and　instances　of　valor

occurred　on　both　sides。　The　siege　being　protracted　by　a　variety　of

fortune；　Lorenzo　de'　Medici　resolved　to　go　to　the　camp；　and　on　his

arrival　the　troops　acquired　fresh　courage；　while　that　of　the　enemy

seemed　to　fail；　for　perceiving　the　obstinacy　of　the　Florentines'

attack；　and　the　delay　of　the　Genoese　in　coming　to　their　relief；　they

surrendered　to　Lorenzo；　without　asking　conditions；　and　none　were

treated　with　severity　except　two　or　three　who　were　leaders　of　the

rebellion。　During　the　siege；　Lodovico　had　sent　troops　to　Pontremoli；

as　if　with　an　intention　of　assisting　the　Florentines；　but　having

secret　correspondence　in　Genoa；　a　party　was　raised　there；　who；　by　the

aid　of　these　forces；　gave　the　city　to　the　duke　of　Milan。



At　this　time　the　Dutch　made　war　upon　the　Venetians；　and　Boccolino　of

Osimo；　in　the　Marca；　caused　that　place　to　revolt　from　the　pope；　and

assumed　the　sovereignty。　After　a　variety　of　fortune；　he　was　induced　to

restore　the　city　to　the　pontiff　and　come　to　Florence；　where；　under　the

protection　of　Lorenzo　de'　Medici；　by　whose　advice　he　had　been

prevailed　upon　to　submit；　he　lived　long　and　respected。　He　afterward

went　to　Milan；　but　did　not　experience　such　generous　treatment；　for

Lodovico　caused　him　to　be　put　to　death。　The　Venetians　were　routed　by

the　Dutch；　near　the　city　of　Trento；　and　Roberto　da　S。　Severino；　their

captain；　was　slain。　After　this　defeat；　the　Venetians；　with　their　usual

good　fortune；　made　peace　with　the　Dutch；　not　as　vanquished；　but　as

conquerors；　so　honorable　were　the　terms　they　obtained。



About　this　time；　there　arose　serious　troubles　in　Romagna。　Francesco

d'Orso；　of　Furli；　was　a　man　of　great　authority　in　that　city；　and

became　suspected　by　the　count　Girolamo；　who　often　threatened　him。　He

consequently；　living　under　great　apprehensions；　was　advised　by　his

friends　to　provide　for　his　own　safety；　by　the　immediate　adoption　of

such　a　course　as　would　relieve　him　from　all　further　fear　of　the　count。

Having　considered　the　matter　and　resolved　to　attempt　it；　they　fixed

upon　the　market　day；　at