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same noise he had heard。  He was within long bow…shot; and;

pulling 

the arrow from the bowstring up to his ear; took deliberate aim

and 

shot。  The arrow took no effect; and he shot and shot again till

his 

quiver was empty。  Still the swan remained; moving round and

round; 

stretching its long neck and dipping its bill into the water; as

if 

heedless of the arrows shot at it。  Odjibwa ran home; and got all



his own and his brother's arrows and shot them all away。  He then



stood and gazed at the beautiful bird。  While standing; he 

remembered his brother's saying that in their deceased father's 

medicine…sack were three magic arrows。  Off he started; his

anxiety 

to kill the swan overcoming all scruples。  At any other time; he 

would have deemed it sacrilege to open his father's

medicine…sack; 

but now he hastily seized the three arrows and ran back; leaving

the 

other contents of the sack scattered over the lodge。  The swan

was 

still there。  He shot the first arrow with great precision; and

came 

very near to it。  The second came still closer; as he took the

last 

arrow; he felt his arm firmer; and; drawing it up with vigor; saw

it 

pass through the neck of the swan a little above the breast。 

Still 

it did not prevent the bird from flying off; which it did;

however; 

at first slowly; flapping its wings and rising gradually into the



airs and teen flying off toward the sinking of the sun。〃  pp。

10…

12。 





When I think of my beloved。

The original of this song may be found in Oneota; p。 15。 





Sing the mysteries of Mondamin。

The Indians hold the maize; or Indian corn; in great veneration。 



〃They esteem it so important and divine a grain;〃 says

Schoolcraft; 

〃that their story…tellers invented various tales; in which this

idea 

is symbolized under the form of a special gift from the Great 

Spirit。  The Odjibwa…Algonquins; who call it Mon…da…min; that is;



the Spirit's grain or berry; have a pretty story of this kind; in



which the stalk in full tassel is represented as descending from

the 

sky; under the guise of a handsome youth; in answer to the

prayers 

of a young man at his fast of virility; or coming to manhood。



〃It is well known that corn…planting and corn…gathering; at least



among all the still uncolonized tribes; are left entirely to the 

females and children; and a few superannuated old men。  It is not



generally known; perhaps; that this labor is not compulsory; and 

that it is assumed by the females as a just equivalent; in their 

view; for the onerous and continuous labor of the other sex; in 

providing meats; and skins for clothing; by the chase; and in 

defending their villages against their enemies; and keeping 

intruders off their territories。  A good Indian housewife deems

this 

a part of her prerogative; and prides herself to have a store of 

corn to exercise her hospitality; or duly honor her husband's 

hospitality; in the entertainment of the lodge guests。〃 

Oneota; 

p。 82。 





Thus the fields shall be more fruitful。

〃A singular proof of this belief; in both sexes; of the

mysterious 

influence of the steps of a woman on the vegetable and in sect 

creation; is found in an ancient custom; which was related to me;



respecting corn…planting。  It was the practice of the hunter's

wife; 

when the field of corn had been planted; to choose the first dark

or 

overclouded evening to perform a secret circuit; sans

habillement; 

around the field。  For this purpose she slipped out of the lodge

in 

the evening; unobserved; to some obscure nook; where she

completely 

disrobed。  Then; taking her matchecota; or principal garment; in

one 

hand; she dragged it around the field。  This was thought to

insure a 

prolific crop; and to prevent the assaults of insects and worms

upon 

the grain。  It was supposed they could not creep over the charmed



line。〃  Oneota; p。 83。





With his prisoner…string he bound him。

〃These cords;〃 says Mr。 Tanner 〃are made of the bark of the elm…

tree; by boiling and then immersing it in cold water。 。 。 。  The 

leader of a war party commonly carries several fastened about his



waist; and if; in the course of the fight; any one of his young

men 

take a prisoner; it is his duty to bring him immediately to the 

chief; to be tied; and the latter is responsible for his safe 

keeping。〃  Narrative of Captivity and Adventures; p。 412。 





Wagemin; the thief of cornfields;

  Paimosaid; who steals the maize…ear。



〃If one of the young female huskers finds a red ear of corn; it

is 

typical of a brave admirer; and is regarded as a fitting present

to 

some young warrior。  But if the ear be crooked; and tapering to a



point; no matter what color; the whole circle is set in a roar;

and 

wa…ge…min is the word shouted aloud。  It is the symbol of a thief

in 

the cornfield。  It is considered as the image of an old man

stooping 

as he enters the lot。  Had the chisel of Praxiteles been employed

to 

produce this image; it could not more vividly bring to the minds

of 

the merry group the idea of a pilferer of their favorite

mondamin。 。 

。 。



〃The literal meaning of the term is; a mass; or crooked ear of 

grain; but the ear of corn so called is a conventional type of a 

little old man pilfering ears of corn in a cornfield。  It is in

this 

manner that a single word or term; in these curious languages; 

becomes the fruitful parent of many ideas。  And we can thus

perceive 

why it is that the word wagemin is alone competent to excite 

merriment in the husking circle。



〃This term is taken as the basis of the cereal chorus; or corn

song; 

as sung by the Northern Algonquin tribes。  It is coupled with the



phrase Paimosaid;a permutative form of the Indian substantive; 

made from the verb pim…o…sa; to walk。  Its literal meaning is; he



who walks; or the walker; but the ideas conveyed by it are; he

who 

walks by night to pilfer corn。  It offers; therefore; a kind of 

parallelism in expression to the preceding term。〃  Oneota; p。

254。





Pugasaing; with thirteen pieces。

This Game of the Bowl is the principal game of hazard among the 

Northern tribes of Indians。  Mr。 Schoolcraft gives a particular 

account of it in Oneota; p。 85。  〃This game;〃 he says; 〃is very 

fascinating to some portions of the Indians。  They stake at it

their 

ornaments; weapons; clothing; canoes; horses; everything in fact 

they possess; and have been known; it is said; to set up their

wives 

and children and even to forfeit their own liberty。  Of such 

desperate stakes I have seen no examples; nor do I think the game



itself in common use。  It is rather confined to certain persons;

who 

hold the relative rank of gamblers in Indian society;men who

are 

not noted as hunters or warriors; or steady providers for their 

families。  Among these are persons who bear the term of

Iena…dizze…

wug; that is; wanderers about the country; braggadocios; or fops。





It can hardly be classed with the popular games of amusement; by 

which skill and dexterity are acquired。  I have generally found

the 

chiefs and graver men of the tribes; who encouraged the young men

to 

play ball; and are sure to be present at the customary sports; to



witness; and sanction; and applaud them; speak lightly and 

disparagingly of this game of hazard。  Yet it cannot be denied

that 

some of the chiefs; distinguished in war and the chase; at the

West; 

can be referred to as lending their example to its fascinating 

power。〃



See also his history; Condition; and Prospects of the Indian

Tribes; 

Part II; p。 72。 





To the Pictured Rocks of sandstone。 

The reader will find a long description of the Pictured Rocks in 

Foster and Whitney's Report on the Geology of the Lake Superior

Land 

District; Part II。 p。 124。  From this I make the following

extract:



〃The Pictured Rocks may be described; in general terms; as a

series 

of sandstone bluffs extending along the shore of Lake Superior

for 

about five miles; and rising; in most places; vertically from the



water; without any beach at the base; to a height varying from

fifty 

to nearly two hundred feet。  Were they simply a line of cliffs;

they 

might not; so far as relates to height or extent; be worthy of a 

rank among great natural curiosities; although such an assemblage

of 

rocky strata; washed by the waves of the great lake; would not; 

under any circumstances; be destitute of grandeur。  To the

voyager; 

coasting along their base in his frail canoe; they would; at all 

times; be an object of dread; the recoil of the surf; the

rock…bound 

coast; affording; for miles; no place of refuge;the lowering

sky; 

the rising wind;all these would excite his apprehension; and 

induce him to ply a vigorous oar until the dreaded wall was

passed。  

But in the Pictured Rocks there are two features which

communicate 

to the scenery a wonderful and almost unique character。  These

are; 

first; the curious manner in which the cliffs have been excavated



and worn away by the action of the lake; which; for centuries;

has 

dashed an ocean…like surf against their base; and; second; the 

equally curious manner in which large portions of the surface

have 

been colored by bands of brilliant hues。



〃It is from the latter circumstance that the name; by which these



cliffs are known to the American traveller; is derived; while

that 

applied to them by the French voyageurs ('Les Portails') is

derived 

from the former; and by far the most striking peculiarity。



〃The term Pictured Rocks has been in use for a great length of

time; 

but when it was first applied; we have been unable to discover。 

It 

would seem that the firs

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