°Ëϲµç×ÓÊé > ¾­¹ÜÆäËûµç×ÓÊé > the sportsman(Ô˶¯Ô±) >

µÚ16²¿·Ö

the sportsman(Ô˶¯Ô±)-µÚ16²¿·Ö

С˵£º the sportsman(Ô˶¯Ô±) ×ÖÊý£º ÿҳ4000×Ö

°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡û »ò ¡ú ¿É¿ìËÙÉÏÏ·­Ò³£¬°´¼üÅÌÉ쵀 Enter ¼ü¿É»Øµ½±¾ÊéĿ¼ҳ£¬°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡ü ¿É»Øµ½±¾Ò³¶¥²¿£¡
¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ªÎ´ÔĶÁÍꣿ¼ÓÈëÊéÇ©ÒѱãÏ´μÌÐøÔĶÁ£¡




not¡¡in¡¡them¡£¡¡The¡¡result¡¡of¡¡this¡¡literature¡¡is¡¡to¡¡inflict¡¡unncessary¡¡waste¡¡of¡¡

time¡¡on¡¡those¡¡who¡¡look¡¡to¡¡learn¡¡something¡¡from¡¡it¡¡all¡¡and¡¡look¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡vain£»¡¡

cutting¡¡them¡¡off¡¡from¡¡wholesome¡¡occupations¡¡and¡¡even¡¡teaching¡¡what¡¡is¡¡

bad¡£¡¡I¡¡cannot¡¡then¡¡but¡¡blame¡¡them¡¡for¡¡certain¡¡large¡¡offences£§4£§¡¡more¡¡than¡¡

lightly£»¡¡¡¡¡¡but¡¡¡¡¡¡as¡¡¡¡¡¡regards¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡subject¡¡¡¡¡¡matter¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡their¡¡¡¡¡¡writings¡¡¡¡¡¡my¡¡¡¡¡¡charge¡¡¡¡¡¡is£»¡¡

that¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡while¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡full¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡far¡­fetched¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡phraseology£»£§5£§¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡solid¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡wholesome¡¡

sentiments£»¡¡¡¡¡¡by¡¡¡¡¡¡which¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡young¡¡¡¡¡¡might¡¡¡¡¡¡be¡¡¡¡¡¡trained¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡virtue£»¡¡¡¡¡¡I¡¡¡¡¡¡see¡¡¡¡¡¡not¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡

vestige¡£¡¡Speaking¡¡as¡¡a¡¡plain¡¡man£»¡¡I¡¡know¡¡that¡¡to¡¡be¡¡taught¡¡what¡¡is¡¡good¡¡by¡¡

one's¡¡¡¡¡¡own¡¡¡¡¡¡nature¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡¡¡best¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡all£»£§6£§¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡next¡¡¡¡¡¡best¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡learn¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡those¡¡¡¡¡¡who¡¡

really¡¡do¡¡know¡¡some¡¡good¡¡thing¡¡rather¡¡than¡¡of¡¡those¡¡who¡¡have¡¡an¡¡art¡¡to¡¡

deceive¡£¡¡It¡¡may¡¡well¡¡be¡¡that¡¡I¡¡fail¡¡to¡¡express¡¡myself¡¡in¡¡subtle¡¡language£»£§7£§¡¡

nor¡¡do¡¡I¡¡pretend¡¡to¡¡aim¡¡at¡¡subtlety£»¡¡what¡¡I¡¡do¡¡aim¡¡at¡¡is¡¡to¡¡express¡¡rightly¡­¡¡

conceived¡¡thoughts¡¡such¡¡as¡¡may¡¡serve¡¡the¡¡need¡¡of¡¡those¡¡who¡¡have¡¡been¡¡

nobly¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡disciplined¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡virtue£»¡¡¡¡¡¡for¡¡¡¡it¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡not¡¡¡¡words¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡names¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡give¡¡

instruction£»¡¡but¡¡thoughts¡¡and¡¡sentiments¡¡worthy¡¡the¡¡name¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£§1£§¡¡¡¡¡¡Cf¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡Isocr¡£¡¡¡¡¡¨Against¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡Sophists¡¨£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¨Antidosis¡¨£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¨Hel¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡Encom¡£¡¨£»¡¡

Plat¡£¡¡¡¨Sophist¡£¡¨¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£§2£§¡¡Who¡¡are¡¡these¡¡£ûoi¡¡nun¡¡sophistai£ý£¿¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£§3£§¡¡Lit¡£¡¡¡¨do¡¡they¡¡present¡¡writings¡¡to¡¡the¡¡world¡£¡¨¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£§4£§¡¡Or£»¡¡¡¨as¡¡to¡¡certain¡¡weightier¡¡matters¡¡gravely¡£¡¨¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£§5£§¡¡£ûremata£ý¡¡=¡¡¡¨words¡¡and¡¡phrases¡¨£»¡¡£ûynomai£ý¡¡=¡¡¡¨moral¡¡maxims£»¡¡just¡¡

thoughts¡£¡¨¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£§6£§¡¡¡¨Being¡¡myself¡¡but¡¡a¡¡private¡¡individual¡¡and¡¡a¡¡plain¡¡man¡£¡¨¡¡According¡¡

to¡¡Hartman£»¡¡¡¨A¡£¡¡X¡£¡¡N¡£¡¨¡¡p¡£¡¡350£»¡¡¡¨ridicule¡¡detorquet¡¡Hesiodeum¡¨£º¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£ûoutos¡¡men¡¡panaristos¡¡os¡¡auto¡¡panta¡¡noese¡¡esthlos¡¡d'¡¡au¡¡kakeinos¡¡os¡¡eu¡¡



¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡66¡¡


¡­¡¡Page¡¡67¡­

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡Sportsman¡¡



eiponti¡¡pithetai£ý¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£§7£§¡¡¡¡¡¡Al¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¨in¡¡¡¡¡¡true¡¡¡¡sophistic¡¡¡¡¡¡style¡£¡¨¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡¡¡¡¡writer¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡seems¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡say£º¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¨I¡¡¡¡lack¡¡

subtlety¡¡of¡¡expression¡¡£¨nor¡¡is¡¡that¡¡at¡¡all¡¡my¡¡object£©£»¡¡what¡¡I¡¡do¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡aim¡¡at¡¡

is¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡trace¡¡¡¡¡¡with¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡some¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡exactness£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡present¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡with¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡lucidity¡¡

appropriate¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡them£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡certain¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡thoughts¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡demanded¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡by¡¡¡¡¡¡persons¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡well¡¡

educated¡¡in¡¡the¡¡school¡¡of¡¡virtue¡£¡¨¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Nor¡¡am¡¡I¡¡singular¡¡in¡¡thus¡¡reproaching¡¡the¡¡modern¡¡type¡¡of¡¡sophist¡¡£¨not¡¡

the¡¡¡¡¡¡true¡¡¡¡¡¡philosopher£»¡¡¡¡¡¡be¡¡¡¡¡¡it¡¡¡¡¡¡understood£©£»¡¡¡¡¡¡it¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡general¡¡¡¡¡¡reproach¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡

wisdom¡¡he¡¡professes¡¡consists¡¡in¡¡word¡­subtleties£»¡¡not¡¡in¡¡ideas¡££§8£§¡¡Certainly¡¡

it¡¡does¡¡not¡¡escape¡¡my¡¡notice¡¡that¡¡an¡¡orderly¡¡sequence¡¡of¡¡ideas¡¡adds¡¡beauty¡¡

to¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡composition£º£§9£§¡¡¡¡¡¡I¡¡¡¡¡¡mean¡¡¡¡¡¡it¡¡¡¡¡¡will¡¡¡¡¡¡be¡¡¡¡¡¡easy¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡find¡¡¡¡¡¡fault¡¡¡¡¡¡with¡¡¡¡¡¡what¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡

written¡¡incorrectly¡££§10£§¡¡Nevertheless£»¡¡I¡¡warrant¡¡it¡¡is¡¡written¡¡in¡¡this¡¡fashion¡¡

with¡¡¡¡¡¡an¡¡¡¡¡¡eye¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡rectitude£»¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡make¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡reader¡¡¡¡¡¡wise¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡good£»¡¡¡¡¡¡not¡¡¡¡¡¡more¡¡

sophistical¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡For¡¡¡¡¡¡I¡¡¡¡¡¡would¡¡¡¡¡¡wish¡¡¡¡¡¡my¡¡¡¡¡¡writings¡¡¡¡¡¡not¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡seem¡¡¡¡¡¡but¡¡¡¡¡¡rather¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡be¡¡

useful¡£¡¡I¡¡would¡¡have¡¡them¡¡stand¡¡the¡¡test¡¡of¡¡ages¡¡in¡¡their¡¡blamelessness¡££§11£§¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£§8£§¡¡£ûonomasi£ý£»¡¡¡¨in¡¡names¡¨£»¡¡£ûnoemasi£ý£»¡¡¡¨thoughts¡¡and¡¡ideas¡£¡¨¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£§9£§¡¡Or£»¡¡¡¨I¡¡am¡¡alive¡¡to¡¡the¡¡advantage¡¡to¡¡be¡¡got¡¡from¡¡methodic£»¡¡orderly¡¡

expression¡¡artistically¡¡and¡¡morally¡£¡¨¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£§10£§¡¡¡¡¡¡This¡¡¡¡¡¡passage£»¡¡¡¡¡¡since¡¡¡¡¡¡H¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡Estienne¡¡¡¡¡¡£¨Stephanus£©¡¡¡¡¡¡first¡¡¡¡¡¡wrote¡¡¡¡¡¡against¡¡

it¡¡¡¨huic¡¡loco¡¡meae¡¡conjecturae¡¡succumbunt£»¡¨¡¡has¡¡been¡¡a¡¡puzzle¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡all¡¡

commentators¡£¡¡The¡¡words¡¡run£º¡¡£ûou¡¡lanthanei¡¡de¡¡me¡¡oti¡¡kalos¡¡kai¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡exes¡¡

gegraphthai£ý¡¡¡¡¡¡£§£ûgegraptai£ý¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡margin¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡one¡¡¡¡¡¡MS¡££§¡¡¡¡¡¡£ûradion¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡gar¡¡

estai¡¡autois¡¡takhu¡¡me¡¡orthos¡¡mempsasthai'¡¡kaitoi¡¡gegraptai¡¡ge¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡outos¡¡

k¡£t¡£l¡££ý¡¡For¡¡£ûtakhu¡¡me¡¡orthos£ý¡¡£¨1£©¡¡£ûtakhu¡¡ti¡¡me¡¡orthos£ý£»¡¡£¨2£©¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£ûto£ý¡¡£¨or¡¡

£ûta£ý£©¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£ûme¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡orthos£ý£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡have¡¡¡¡¡¡been¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡suggested¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡It¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡not¡¡¡¡clear¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡whether¡¡

£ûautois£ý¡¡=¡¡£ûtois¡¡sophistais£ý¡¡£¨e¡£g¡£¡¡¡¨it¡¡will¡¡be¡¡easy¡¡for¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡these¡¡people¡¡to¡¡

lay¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡finger¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡at¡¡¡¡once¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡on¡¡¡¡¡¡blots£»¡¡¡¡¡¡however¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡unfairly¡¨£©£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡or¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡=¡¡¡¡£ûtois¡¡

suggrammasi£ý¡¡£¨sc¡£¡¡¡¡my£¨£¿£©¡¡compositions£»¡¡so¡¡£ûauta£ý£»¡¡S¡£¡¡7¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡below£»¡¡£ûou¡¡

gar¡¡dokein¡¡auta¡¡boulomai¡¡k¡£t¡£l¡££ý£©¡¡£¨e¡£g¡£¡¡¡¨since¡¡it¡¡will¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡be¡¡easy¡¡offhand¡¡

to¡¡find¡¡fault¡¡with¡¡them¡¡incorrectly¡¨£©¡¡£§or¡¡if¡¡£ûta¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡me¡¡orthos£ý£»¡¡¡¨what¡¡is¡¡

incorrect¡¡in¡¡them¡¨£§¡£¡¡I¡¡append¡¡the¡¡three¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡translations¡¡of¡¡Gail£»¡¡Lenz£»¡¡and¡¡

Talbot¡£¡¡¡¨Je¡¡sais¡¡combien¡¡il¡¡est¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡avantageux¡¡de¡¡presenter¡¡des¡¡ouvrages¡¡

methodiquement¡¡¡¡¡¡ecrits£»¡¡¡¡¡¡aussi¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡par¡¡¡¡¡¡le¡¡¡¡¡¡meme¡¡¡¡¡¡sera¡­t¡­il¡¡¡¡¡¡plus¡¡¡¡¡¡facile¡¡¡¡¡¡de¡¡

prouver¡¡aux¡¡sophistes¡¡leur¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡futilite£¡¡¨¡¡£ûradion¡¡gar¡¡estai£ý¡¡£§sub¡£¡¡£ûemoi£ý£§¡¡



¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡67¡¡


¡­¡¡Page¡¡68¡­

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡Sportsman¡¡



£ûmempsasthai¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡outois¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡takhu¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£¨to£©¡¡¡¡me£ý¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£¨sous¡­entendu£©¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£ûgegraphthai¡¡

orthos£ý¡¡£¨Gail£©¡£¡¡¡¨Zwar¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡entgeht¡¡mir¡¡nicht£»¡¡dass¡¡es¡¡schon¡¡say¡¡die¡¡Worte¡¡

kunstvoll¡¡zu¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡ordnen£»¡¡denn¡¡leichter¡¡wird¡¡ihnen¡¡sonst£»¡¡schnell£»¡¡aber¡¡mit¡¡

Unrecht¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡zu¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡tadeln¡¨¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£¨Lenz£©¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¨Aussi¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡leur¡¡¡¡¡¡sera¡­t¡­il¡¡¡¡¡¡facile¡¡¡¡de¡¡¡¡¡¡me¡¡

reprocher¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡d'ecrire¡¡vite¡¡et¡¡sans¡¡ordre¡¨¡¡£¨Talbot£©¡£¡¡As¡¡if¡¡£ûtakhu¡¡me¡¡orthos£ý¡¡

were¡¡the¡¡reproachful¡¡comment¡¡of¡¡the¡¡sophist¡¡on¡¡the¡¡author's¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡treatise¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£§11£§¡¡¡¡¡¡i¡£e¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¨the¡¡¡¡¡¡arguments¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡be¡¡¡¡¡¡blameless¡¡¡¡¡¡at¡¡¡¡¡¡once¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡irrefutable¡¡¡¡¡¡for¡¡

all¡¡time¡£¡¨¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡That¡¡is¡¡my¡¡¡¡point¡¡of¡¡view¡£¡¡The¡¡sophist¡¡has¡¡¡¡¡¡quite¡¡anotherwords¡¡¡¡¡¡with¡¡

him¡¡are¡¡for¡¡the¡¡sake¡¡of¡¡deception£»¡¡writing¡¡for¡¡personal¡¡gain£»¡¡to¡¡benefit¡¡any¡¡

other¡¡¡¡¡¡living¡¡¡¡¡¡soul¡¡¡¡¡¡at¡¡¡¡¡¡all¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡¡¡quite¡¡¡¡¡¡beside¡¡¡¡¡¡his¡¡¡¡¡¡mark¡£¡¡There¡¡¡¡¡¡never¡¡¡¡¡¡was¡¡¡¡¡¡nor¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡

there¡¡now¡¡a¡¡sage¡¡among¡¡them¡¡to¡¡whom¡¡the¡¡title¡¡¡¨wise¡¨¡¡could¡¡be¡¡applied¡£¡¡

No£¡¡¡the¡¡appellation¡¡¡¨sophist¡¨¡¡suffices¡¡for¡¡each¡¡and¡¡all£»¡¡which¡¡among¡¡men¡¡

of¡¡common¡¡sense£§12£§¡¡sounds¡¡like¡¡a¡¡stigma¡£¡¡My¡¡advice¡¡then¡¡is¡¡to¡¡mistrust¡¡

the¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡sonorous¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡catch¡­words£§13£§¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡sophist£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡not¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡despise¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡

reasoned¡¡¡¡¡¡conclusions£§14£§¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡philosopher£»¡¡¡¡¡¡for¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡sophist¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡hunter¡¡

after¡¡the¡¡rich¡¡and¡¡young£»¡¡the¡¡philosopher¡¡is¡¡the¡¡common¡¡friend¡¡of¡¡all£»¡¡he¡¡

neither¡¡honours¡¡nor¡¡despises¡¡the¡¡fortunes¡¡of¡¡men¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£§12£§¡¡L¡£¡¡Dind¡£¡¡cf¡£¡¡Eur¡£¡¡¡¨Heracl¡£¡¨¡¡370£»¡¡£ûtou¡¡tauta¡¡kalos¡¡an¡¡eie£ý¡¡£ü¡¡£ûpara¡¡

g'¡¡eu¡¡phronousin£ý¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£§13£§¡¡£ûparaggelmata£ý¡£¡¡Cf¡£¡¡Aesch¡£¡¡¡¨Ag¡£¡¨¡¡480£»¡¡¡¨telegraph¡¨£»¡¡Lys¡£¡¡121¡£¡¡32£»¡¡

Dem¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡569¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡1£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¨words¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡command¡¨£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Dion¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡H¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¨De¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Comp¡£¡¨¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡248£»¡¡

¡¨instructions£»¡¡precepts¡£¡¨¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£§14£§¡¡£ûenthumemata£ý¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Nor¡¡¡¡¡¡would¡¡¡¡¡¡I¡¡¡¡¡¡have¡¡¡¡¡¡you¡¡¡¡¡¡envy¡¡¡¡¡¡or¡¡¡¡¡¡imitate¡¡¡¡¡¡those¡¡¡¡¡¡either¡¡¡¡¡¡who¡¡¡¡¡¡recklessly¡¡

pursue¡¡the¡¡path¡¡of¡¡self¡­aggrandisement£»£§15£§¡¡whether¡¡in¡¡private¡¡or¡¡in¡¡public¡¡

life£»¡¡but¡¡consider¡¡well£§16£§¡¡that¡¡the¡¡best¡¡of¡¡men£»£§17£§¡¡the¡¡true¡¡nobility£»¡¡are¡¡

discovered¡¡by¡¡their¡¡virtues£»£§18£§¡¡they¡¡are¡¡a¡¡laborious¡¡upwards¡­striving¡¡race£»¡¡

whilst¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡base¡¡¡¡¡¡are¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡evil¡¡¡¡¡¡plight£§19£§¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡are¡¡¡¡¡¡discovered¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡by¡¡¡¡¡¡their¡¡

demerits¡££§20£§¡¡¡¡¡¡Since¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡proportion¡¡¡¡¡¡as¡¡¡¡¡¡they¡¡¡¡¡¡rob¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡private¡¡¡¡¡¡citizen¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡his¡¡

means¡¡and¡¡despoil¡¡the¡¡state£§21£§¡¡they¡¡are¡¡less¡¡serviceable¡¡with¡¡a¡¡view¡¡to¡¡the¡¡

public¡¡safety¡¡than¡¡any¡¡private¡¡citizen£»£§22£§¡¡and¡¡what¡¡can¡¡be¡¡worse¡¡or¡¡more¡¡

disgraceful¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡for¡¡¡¡purposes¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡war¡¡¡¡¡¡than¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡bodily¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡form¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡people¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡so¡¡

incapable¡¡of¡¡toil£¿£§23£§¡¡Think¡¡of¡¡huntsmen¡¡by¡¡contrast£»¡¡surrendering¡¡to¡¡the¡¡



¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡68¡¡


¡­¡¡Page¡¡69¡­

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡Sportsman¡¡



common¡¡weal¡¡person¡¡and¡¡property¡¡alike¡¡in¡¡perfect¡¡condition¡¡for¡¡service¡¡of¡¡

the¡¡citizens¡£¡¡They¡¡have¡¡both¡¡a¡¡battle¡¡to¡¡wage¡¡certainly£º¡¡only¡¡the¡¡one¡¡set¡¡are¡¡

for¡¡attacking¡¡beasts£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡other¡¡their¡¡own¡¡friends¡££§24£§¡¡And¡¡naturally¡¡the¡¡

assailant¡¡of¡¡his¡¡own¡¡friends¡¡does¡¡not¡¡win¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡general¡¡esteem£»£§25£§¡¡¡¡whilst¡¡

the¡¡huntsman¡¡in¡¡attacking¡¡a¡¡wild¡¡beast¡¡may¡¡win¡¡renown¡£¡¡If¡¡successful¡¡in¡¡

his¡¡capture£»¡¡he¡¡was¡¡won¡¡a¡¡victory¡¡over¡¡a¡¡hostile¡¡brood£»¡¡or¡¡failing£»¡¡in¡¡the¡¡

first¡¡¡¡¡¡place£»¡¡¡¡¡¡it¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡feather¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡his¡¡¡¡¡¡cap¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡his¡¡¡¡¡¡attempt¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡¡¡made¡¡¡¡¡¡against¡¡

enemies¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡whole¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡community£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡secondly£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡it¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡not¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡the¡¡

detriment¡¡of¡¡man¡¡nor¡¡for¡¡love¡¡of¡¡gain¡¡that¡¡the¡¡field¡¡is¡¡taken£»¡¡and¡¡thirdly£»¡¡as¡¡

the¡¡outcome¡¡of¡¡the¡¡very¡¡attempt£»¡¡the¡¡hunter¡¡is¡¡improved¡¡in¡¡many¡¡respects£»¡¡

and¡¡all¡¡the¡¡wiser£º¡¡by¡¡what¡¡means¡¡we¡¡will¡¡explain¡£¡¡Were¡¡it¡¡not¡¡for¡¡the¡¡very¡¡

excess¡¡of¡¡his¡¡¡¡¡¡pains£»¡¡his¡¡well¡­reasoned¡¡devices£»¡¡his¡¡manifold¡¡precautions£»¡¡

he¡¡¡¡¡¡would¡¡¡¡¡¡never¡¡¡¡¡¡capture¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡quarry¡¡¡¡¡¡at¡¡¡¡¡¡all£»¡¡¡¡¡¡since¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡antagonists¡¡¡¡¡¡he¡¡¡¡¡¡deals¡¡

with¡¡are¡¡doing¡¡battle¡¡for¡¡bare¡¡life¡¡and¡¡in¡¡their¡¡native¡¡haunts£»£§26£§¡¡and¡¡are¡¡

consequently¡¡in¡¡great¡¡force¡£¡¡So¡¡that¡¡if¡¡he¡¡fails¡¡to¡¡overmatch¡¡the¡¡beasts¡¡by¡¡a¡¡

zest¡¡for¡¡toil¡¡transcending¡¡theirs¡¡and¡¡plentiful¡¡intelligence£»¡¡the¡¡huntsman's¡¡

labours¡¡are¡¡in¡¡vain¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£§15£§¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Or£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¨surrender¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡themselves¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡heedlessly¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡ways¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡self¡­¡¡

seeking¡£¡¨¡¡But¡¡the¡¡phraseology¡¡here¡¡seems¡¡to¡¡savour¡¡of¡¡extreme¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡youth£»¡¡

or¡¡else¡¡senility¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£§16£§¡¡£ûenthumethenta£ý¡£¡¡Query£»¡¡in¡¡reference¡¡to¡¡£ûenthumemata£ý¡¡above£¿¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£§17£§¡¡¡¡¡¡Reading¡¡¡¡¡¡£ûandron£ý¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡For¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡vulg¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡£ûauton£ý¡¡¡¡¡¡see¡¡¡¡¡¡Schneid¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡ad¡¡¡¡¡¡loc¡££»¡¡

who¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡suggests¡¡£ûton¡¡aston£ý¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£§18£§¡¡¡¨Recognisable¡¡for¡¡the¡¡better¡£¡¨¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£§19£§¡¡¡¨They¡¡are¡¡not¡¡famous¡¡but¡¡infamous¡¨£»¡¡¡¨the¡¡bad¡¡fare¡¡as¡¡their¡¡name¡¡

suggests¡¨¡¡£¨i¡£e¡£¡¡badly£©¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£§20£§¡¡¡¨Recognisable¡¡for¡¡the¡¡worse¡£¡¨¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£§21£§¡¡Or£»¡¡¡¨what¡¡with¡¡private¡¡extortionsand¡¡public¡¡peculation¡£¡¨¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£§22£§¡¡£ûton¡¡idioton£ý£»¡¡¡¨laymen£»¡¨¡¡I¡¡suppose£»¡¡as¡¡opposed¡¡to¡¡¡¨professional¡¨¡¡

lawyers¡¡or¡¡politicians¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£§23£§¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¨What¡¡¡¡¡¡with¡¡¡¡¡¡their¡¡¡¡¡¡incapacity¡¡¡¡¡¡for¡¡¡¡¡¡hard¡¡¡¡¡¡work£»¡¡¡¡¡¡their¡¡¡¡¡¡physique¡¡¡¡¡¡for¡¡

purposes¡¡of¡¡war¡¡is¡¡a¡¡mockery¡¡and¡¡a¡¡sham¡£¡¨¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£§24£§¡¡Cf¡£¡¡Plat¡£¡¡¡¨Soph¡£¡¨¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£§25£§¡¡Or£»¡¡¡¨earns¡¡but¡¡an¡¡ev

·µ»ØĿ¼ ÉÏÒ»Ò³ ÏÂÒ»Ò³ »Øµ½¶¥²¿ ÔÞ£¨0£© ²È£¨0£©

Äã¿ÉÄÜϲ»¶µÄ