a journey to-第14部分

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traditions。　　In　the　house　is　kept　an　ox's　horn；　hollowed　so　as　to
hold　perhaps　two　quarts；　which　the　heir　of　Macleod　was　expected　to
swallow　at　one　draught；　as　a　test　of　his　manhood；　before　he　was
permitted　to　bear　arms；　or　could　claim　a　seat　among　the　men。　　It　is
held　that　the　return　of　the　Laird　to　Dunvegan；　after　any
considerable　absence；　produces　a　plentiful　capture　of　herrings；　and
that；　if　any　woman　crosses　the　water　to　the　opposite　Island；　the
herrings　will　desert　the　coast。　　Boetius　tells　the　same　of　some
other　place。　　This　tradition　is　not　uniform。　　Some　hold　that　no
woman　may　pass；　and　others　that　none　may　pass　but　a　Macleod。

Among　other　guests；　which　the　hospitality　of　Dunvegan　brought　to
the　table；　a　visit　was　paid　by　the　Laird　and　Lady　of　a　small　island
south　of　Sky；　of　which　the　proper　name　is　Muack；　which　signifies
swine。　　It　is　commonly　called　Muck；　which　the　proprietor　not
liking；　has　endeavoured；　without　effect；　to　change　to　Monk。　　It　is
usual　to　call　gentlemen　in　Scotland　by　the　name　of　their
possessions；　as　Raasay；　Bernera；　Loch　Buy；　a　practice　necessary　in
countries　inhabited　by　clans；　where　all　that　live　in　the　same
territory　have　one　name；　and　must　be　therefore　discriminated　by
some　addition。　　This　gentleman；　whose　name；　I　think；　is　Maclean；
should　be　regularly　called　Muck；　but　the　appellation；　which　he
thinks　too　coarse　for　his　Island；　he　would　like　still　less　for
himself；　and　he　is　therefore　addressed　by　the　title　of；　Isle　of
Muck。

This　little　Island；　however　it　be　named；　is　of　considerable　value。
It　is　two　English　miles　long；　and　three　quarters　of　a　mile　broad；
and　consequently　contains　only　nine　hundred　and　sixty　English
acres。　　It　is　chiefly　arable。　　Half　of　this　little　dominion　the
Laird　retains　in　his　own　hand；　and　on　the　other　half；　live　one
hundred　and　sixty　persons；　who　pay　their　rent　by　exported　corn。
What　rent　they　pay；　we　were　not　told；　and　could　not　decently
inquire。　　The　proportion　of　the　people　to　the　land　is　such；　as　the
most　fertile　countries　do　not　commonly　maintain。

The　Laird　having　all　his　people　under　his　immediate　view；　seems　to
be　very　attentive　to　their　happiness。　　The　devastation　of　the
small…pox；　when　it　visits　places　where　it　comes　seldom；　is　well
known。　　He　has　disarmed　it　of　its　terrour　at　Muack；　by　inoculating
eighty　of　his　people。　　The　expence　was　two　shillings　and　sixpence　a
head。　　Many　trades　they　cannot　have　among　them；　but　upon　occasion；
he　fetches　a　smith　from　the　Isle　of　Egg；　and　has　a　tailor　from　the
main　land；　six　times　a　year。　　This　island　well　deserved　to　be　seen；
but　the　Laird's　absence　left　us　no　opportunity。

Every　inhabited　island　has　its　appendant　and　subordinate　islets。
Muck；　however　small；　has　yet　others　smaller　about　it；　one　of　which
has　only　ground　sufficient　to　afford　pasture　for　three　wethers。

At　Dunvegan　I　had　tasted　lotus；　and　was　in　danger　of　forgetting
that　I　was　ever　to　depart；　till　Mr。　Boswell　sagely　reproached　me
with　my　sluggishness　and　softness。　　I　had　no　very　forcible　defence
to　make；　and　we　agreed　to　pursue　our　journey。　　Macleod　accompanied
us　to　Ulinish；　where　we　were　entertained　by　the　sheriff　of　the
Island。



ULINISH



Mr。　Macqueen　travelled　with　us；　and　directed　our　attention　to　all
that　was　worthy　of　observation。　　With　him　we　went　to　see　an　ancient
building；　called　a　dun　or　borough。　　It　was　a　circular　inclosure；
about　forty…two　feet　in　diameter；　walled　round　with　loose　stones；
perhaps　to　the　height　of　nine　feet。　　The　walls　were　very　thick；
diminishing　a　little　toward　the　top；　and　though　in　these　countries；
stone　is　not　brought　far；　must　have　been　raised　with　much　labour。
Within　the　great　circle　were　several　smaller　rounds　of　wall；　which
formed　distinct　apartments。　　Its　date；　and　its　use　are　unknown。
Some　suppose　it　the　original　seat　of　the　chiefs　of　the　Macleods。
Mr。　Macqueen　thought　it　a　Danish　fort。

The　entrance　is　covered　with　flat　stones；　and　is　narrow；　because　it
was　necessary　that　the　stones　which　lie　over　it；　should　reach　from
one　wall　to　the　other；　yet；　strait　as　the　passage　is；　they　seem
heavier　than　could　have　been　placed　where　they　now　lie；　by　the
naked　strength　of　as　many　men　as　might　stand　about　them。　　They　were
probably　raised　by　putting　long　pieces　of　wood　under　them；　to　which
the　action　of　a　long　line　of　lifters　might　be　applied。　　Savages；　in
all　countries；　have　patience　proportionate　to　their　unskilfulness；
and　are　content　to　attain　their　end　by　very　tedious　methods。

If　it　was　ever　roofed；　it　might　once　have　been　a　dwelling；　but　as
there　is　no　provision　for　water；　it　could　not　have　been　a　fortress。
In　Sky；　as　in　every　other　place；　there　is　an　ambition　of　exalting
whatever　has　survived　memory；　to　some　important　use；　and　referring
it　to　very　remote　ages。　　I　am　inclined　to　suspect；　that　in　lawless
times；　when　the　inhabitants　of　every　mountain　stole　the　cattle　of
their　neighbour；　these　inclosures　were　used　to　secure　the　herds　and
flocks　in　the　night。　　When　they　were　driven　within　the　wall；　they
might　be　easily　watched；　and　defended　as　long　as　could　be　needful；
for　the　robbers　durst　not　wait　till　the　injured　clan　should　find
them　in　the　morning。

The　interior　inclosures；　if　the　whole　building　were　once　a　house；
were　the　chambers　of　the　chief　inhabitants。　　If　it　was　a　place　of
security　for　cattle；　they　were　probably　the　shelters　of　the
keepers。

From　the　Dun　we　were　conducted　to　another　place　of　security；　a　cave
carried　a　great　way　under　ground；　which　had　been　discovered　by
digging　after　a　fox。　　These　caves；　of　which　many　have　been　found；
and　many　probably　remain　concealed；　are　formed；　I　believe；　commonly
by　taking　advantage　of　a　hollow；　where　banks　or　rocks　rise　on
either　side。　　If　no　such　place　can　be　found；　the　ground　must　be　cut
away。　　The　walls　are　made　by　piling　stones　against　the　earth；　on
either　side。　　It　is　then　roofed　by　larger　stones　laid　across　the
cavern；　which　therefore　cannot　be　wide。　　Over　the　roof；　turfs　were
placed；　and　grass　was　suffered　to　grow；　and　the　mouth　was　concealed
by　bushes；　or　some　other　cover。

These　caves　were　represented　to　us　as　the　cabins　of　the　first　rude
inhabitants；　of　which；　however；　I　am　by　no　means　persuaded。　　This
was　so　low；　that　no　man　could　stand　upright　in　it。　　By　their
construction　they　are　all　so　narrow；　that　two　can　never　pass　along
them　together；　and　being　subterraneous；　they　must　be　always　damp。
They　are　not　the　work　of　an　age　much　ruder　than　the　present；　for
they　are　formed　with　as　much　art　as　the　construction　of　a　common
hut　requires。　　I　imagine　them　to　have　been　places　only　of
occasional　use；　in　which　the　Islander；　upon　a　sudden　alarm；　hid　his
utensils；　or　his　cloaths；　and　perhaps　sometimes　his　wife　and
children。

This　cave　we　entered；　but　could　not　proceed　the　whole　length；　and
went　away　without　knowing　how　far　it　was　carried。　　For　this
omission　we　shall　be　blamed；　as　we　perhaps　have　blamed　other
travellers；　but　the　day　was　rainy；　and　the　ground　was　damp。　　We　had
with　us　neither　spades　nor　pickaxes；　and　if　love　of　ease　surmounted
our　desire　of　knowledge；　the　offence　has　not　the　invidiousness　of
singularity。

Edifices；　either　standing　or　ruined；　are　the　chief　records　of　an
illiterate　nation。　　In　some　part　of　this　journey；　at　no　great
distance　from　our　way；　stood　a　shattered　fortress；　of　which　the
learned　minister；　to　whose　communication　we　are　much　indebted；　gave
us　an　account。

Those；　said　he；　are　the　walls　of　a　place　of　refuge；　built　in　the
time　of　James　the　Sixth；　by　Hugh　Macdonald；　who　was　next　heir　to
the　dignity　and　fortune　of　his　chief。　　Hugh；　being　so　near　his
wish；　was　impatient　of　delay；　and　had　art　and　influence　sufficient
to　engage　several　gentlemen　in　a　plot　against　the　Laird's　life。
Something　must　be　stipulated　on　both　sides；　for　they　would　not　dip
their　hands　in　blood　merely　for　Hugh's　advancement。　　The　compact
was　formerly　written；　signed　by　the　conspirators；　and　placed　in　the
hands　of　one　Macleod。

It　happened　that　Macleod　had　sold　some　cattle　to　a　drover；　who；　not
having　ready　money；　gave　him　a　bond　for　payment。　　The　debt　was
discharged；　and　the　bond　re…demanded；　which　Macleod；　who　could　not
read；　intending　to　put　into　his　hands；　gave　him　the　conspiracy。
The　drover；　when　he　had　read　the　paper；　delivered　it　privately　to
Macdonald；　who；　being　thus　informed　of　his　danger；　called　his
friends　together；　and　provided　for　his　safety。　　He　made　a　public
feast；　and　inviting　Hugh　Macdonald　and　his　confederates；　placed
each　of　them　at　the　table　between　two　men　of　known　fidelity。　　The
compact　of　conspiracy　was　then　shewn；　and　every　man　confronted　with
his　own　name。　　Macdonald　acted　with　great　moderation。　　He　upbraided
Hugh；　both　with　disloyalty　and　ingratitude；　but　told　the　rest；　that
he　considered　them　as　men　deluded　and　misinformed。　　Hugh　was　sworn
to　fidelity；　and　dismissed　with　his　companions；　but　he　was　not
generous　enough　to　be　reclaimed　by　lenity；　and　finding　no　longer
any　countenance　among　the　gentlemen；　endeavoured　to　execute　the
same　design　by　meaner　hands。　　In　this　practice　he　was　detected；
taken　to　Macdonald's　castle；　and　imprisoned　in　the　dungeon。　　When
he　was　hungry；　they　let　down　a　plentiful　meal　of　salted　meat；　and
when；　after　his　repast；　he　called　for　drink；　conveyed　to　him　a
covered　cup；　which；　when　he　lifted　the　lid；　he　found　empty。　　From
that　time　they　visited　him　no　more；　but　left　him　to　perish　in
solitude　and　darkness。

We　were　then　told　of　a　cavern　by　the　sea…side；　remarkable　for　the
powerful　reverberation　of　sounds。　　After　dinner　we　took　a　boat；　to
explore　this　curious　cavity。　　The　boatmen；　who　seemed　to　be　of　a
rank　above　that　of　common　drudges；　inquired　who　the　strangers　were；
and　being　told　we　came　one　from　Scotland；　and　the　other　from
England；　asked　if　the　Englishman　could　recount　a　long　genealogy。
What　answer　was　given　them；　the　conversation　being　in　Erse；　I　was
not　much　inclined　to　examine。

They　expected　no　good　event　of　the　voyage；　for　one　of　them　declared
that　he　heard　the　cry　of　an　English　ghost。　　This　omen　I　was　not
told　till　after　our　return；　and　therefore　cannot　claim　the　dignity
of　despising　it。

The　sea　was　smooth。　　We　never　left　the　shore；　and　came　with