letters to his son, 1748-第2部分

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ss。　　'Otium　cum　dignitate'　is　my　object。　　The　former　I　now　enjoy；　and　I　hope　that　my　conduct　and　character　entitle　me　to　some　share　of　the　latter。　　In　short；　I　am　now　happy：　and　I　found　that　I　could　not　be　so　in　my　former　public　situation。

As　I　like　your　correspondence　better　than　that　of　all　the　kings；　princes；　and　ministers；　in　Europe；　I　shall　now　have　leisure　to　carry　it　on　more　regularly。　　My　letters　to　you　will　be　written；　I　am　sure；　by　me；　and；　I　hope；　read　by　you；　with　pleasure；　which；　I　believe；　seldom　happens；　reciprocally；　to　letters　written　from　and　to　a　secretary's　office。

Do　not　apprehend　that　my　retirement　from　business　may　be　a　hindrance　to　your　advancement　in　it；　at　a　proper　time：　on　the　contrary；　it　will　promote　it；　for；　having　nothing　to　ask　for　myself；　I　shall　have　the　better　title　to　ask　for　you。　　But　you　have　still　a　surer　way　than　this　of　rising；　and　which　is　wholly　in　your　own　power。　　Make　yourself　necessary；　which；　with　your　natural　parts；　you　may；　by　application；　do。　　We　are　in　general；　in　England；　ignorant　of　foreign　affairs：　and　of　the　interests；　views；　pretensions；　and　policy　of　other　courts。　　That　part　of　knowledge　never　enters　into　our　thoughts；　nor　makes　part　of　our　education；　for　which　reason；　we　have　fewer　proper　subjects　for　foreign　commissions；　than　any　other　country　in　Europe；　and；　when　foreign　affairs　happen　to　be　debated　in　Parliament；　it　is　incredible　with　how　much　ignorance。　　The　harvest　of　foreign　affairs　being　then　so　great；　and　the　laborers　so　few；　if　you　make　yourself　master　of　them；　you　will　make　yourself　necessary；　first　as　a　foreign；　and　then　as　a　domestic　minister　for　that　department。

I　am　extremely　well　pleased　with　the　account　which　you　give　me　of　the　allotment　of　your　time。　　Do　but　go　on　so；　for　two　years　longer；　and　I　will　ask　no　more　of　you。　　Your　labors　will　be　their　own　reward；　but　if　you　desire　any　other；　that　I　can　add；　you　may　depend　upon　it。

I　am　glad　that　you　perceive　the　indecency　and　turpitude　of　those　of　your　'Commensaux'；　who　disgrace　and　foul　themselves　with　dirty　ws　and　scoundrel　gamesters。　　And　the　light　in　which；　I　am　sure；　you　see　all　reasonable　and　decent　people　consider　them；　will　be　a　good　warning　to　you。　　Adieu。




LETTER　XXVIII

LONDON；　February　13；　O。　S。　　1748

DEAR　BOY：　your　last　letter　gave　me　a　very　satisfactory　account　of　your　manner　of　employing　your　time　at　Leipsig。　　Go　on　so　but　for　two　years　more；　and；　I　promise　you；　that　you　will　outgo　all　the　people　of　your　age　and　time。　　I　thank　you　for　your　explanation　of　the　'Schriftsassen'；　and　'Amptsassen'；　and　pray　let　me　know　the　meaning　of　the　'Landsassen'。　　I　am　very　willing　that　you　should　take　a　Saxon　servant；　who　speaks　nothing　but　German；　which　will　be　a　sure　way　of　keeping　up　your　German；　after　you　leave　Germany。　　But　then；　I　would　neither　have　that　man；　nor　him　whom　you　have　already；　put　out　of　livery；　which　makes　them　both　impertinent　and　useless。　　I　am　sure；　that　as　soon　as　you　shall　have　taken　the　other　servant；　your　present　man　will　press　extremely　to　be　out　of　livery；　and　valet　de　chambre；　which　is　as　much　as　to　say；　that　he　will　curl　your　hair　and　shave　you；　but　not　condescend　to　do　anything　else。　　I　therefore　advise　you；　never　to　have　a　servant　out　of　livery；　and；　though　you　may　not　always　think　proper　to　carry　the　servant　who　dresses　you　abroad　in　the　rain　and　dirt；　behind　a　coach　or　before　a　chair；　yet　keep　it　in　your　power　to　do　so；　if　you　please；　by　keeping　him　in　livery。

I　have　seen　Monsieur　and　Madame　Flemming；　who　gave　me　a　very　good　account　of　you；　and　of　your　manners；　which　to　tell　you　the　plain　truth；　were　what　I　doubted　of　the　most。　　She　told　me；　that　you　were　easy；　and　not　ashamed：　which　is　a　great　deal　for　an　Englishman　at　your　age。

I　set　out　for　Bath　to…morrow；　for　a　month；　only　to　be　better　than　well；　and　enjoy；　in；　quiet；　the　liberty　which　I　have　acquired　by　the　resignation　of　the　seals。　　You　shall　hear　from　me　more　at　large　from　thence；　and　now　good　night　to　you。




LETTER　XXIX

BATH；　February　18；　O。　S。　　1748。

DEAR　BOY：　The　first　use　that　I　made　of　my　liberty　was　to　come　here；　where　I　arrived　yesterday。　　My　health；　though　not　fundamentally　bad　yet；　for　want　of　proper　attention　of　late；　wanted　some　repairs；　which　these　waters　never　fail　giving　it。　　I　shall　drink　them　a　month；　and　return　to　London；　there　to　enjoy　the　comforts　of　social　life；　instead　of　groaning　under　the　load　of　business。　　I　have　given　the　description　of　the　life　that　I　propose　to　lead　for　the　future；　in　this　motto；　which　I　have　put　up　in　the　frize　of　my　library　in　my　new　house：

　　　　　　　　　　Nunc　veterum　libris；　nunc　somno；　et　inertibus　horis　　　　　　　　　　　Ducere　sollicitae　jucunda　oblivia　vitas。

I　must　observe　to　you　upon　this　occasion；　that　the　uninterrupted　satisfaction　which　I　expect　to　find　in　that　library；　will　be　chiefly　owing　to　my　having　employed　some　part　of　my　life　well　at　your　age。　　I　wish　I　had　employed　it　better；　and　my　satisfaction　would　now　be　complete；　but；　however；　I　planted　while　young；　that　degree　of　knowledge　which　is　now　my　refuge　and　my　shelter。　　Make　your　plantations　still　more　extensive；　they　will　more　than　pay　you　for　your　trouble。　　I　do　not　regret　the　time　that　I　passed　in　pleasures；　they　were　seasonable；　they　were　the　pleasures　of　youth；　and　I　enjoyed　them　while　young。　　If　I　had　not；　I　should　probably　have　overvalued　them　now；　as　we　are　very　apt　to　do　what　we　do　not　know；　but；　knowing　them　as　I　do；　I　know　their　real　value；　and　how　much　they　are　generally　overrated。　　Nor　do　I　regret　the　time　that　I　have　passed　in　business；　for　the　same　reason；　those　who　see　only　the　outside　of　it；　imagine　it　has　hidden　charms；　which　they　pant　after；　and　nothing　but　acquaintance　can　undeceive　them。　　I；　who　have　been　behind　the　scenes；　both　of　pleasure　and　business；　and　have　seen　all　the　springs　and　pullies　of　those　decorations　which　astonish　and　dazzle　the　audience；　retire；　not　only　without　regret；　but　with　contentment　and　satisfaction。　But　what　I　do；　and　ever　shall　regret；　is　the　time　which；　while　young；　I　lost　in　mere　idleness；　and　in　doing　nothing。　　This　is　the　common　effect　of　the　inconsideracy　of　youth；　against　which　I　beg　you　will　be　most　carefully　upon　your　guard。　　The　value　of　moments；　when　cast　up；　is　immense；　if　well　employed；　if　thrown　away；　their　loss　is　irrecoverable。　Every　moment　may　be　put　to　some　use；　and　that　with　much　more　pleasure；　than　if　unemployed。　　Do　not　imagine；　that　by　the　employment　of　time；　I　mean　an　uninterrupted　application　to　serious　studies。　　No；　pleasures　are；　at　proper　times；　both　as　necessary　and　as　useful；　they　fashion　and　form　you　for　the　world；　they　teach　you　characters；　and　show　you　the　human　heart　in　its　unguarded　minutes。　　But　then　remember　to　make　that　use　of　them。　　I　have　known　many　people；　from　laziness　of　mind；　go　through　both　pleasure　and　business　with　equal　inattention；　neither　enjoying　the　one；　nor　doing　the　other；　thinking　themselves　men　of　pleasure；　because　they　were　mingled　with　those　who　were；　and　men　of　business；　because　they　had　business　to　do；　though　they　did　not　do　it。　　Whatever　you　do；　do　it　to　the　purpose；　do　it　thoroughly；　not　superficially。　　'Approfondissez'：　go　to　the　bottom　of　things。　　Any　thing　half　done　or　half　known；　is；　in　my　mind；　neither　done　nor　known　at　all。　　Nay　worse；　it　often　misleads。　　There　is　hardly　any　place　or　any　company；　where　you　may　not　gain　knowledge；　if　you　please；　almost　everybody　knows　some　one　thing；　and　is　glad　to　talk　upon　that　one　thing。　　Seek　and　you　will　find；　in　this　world　as　well　as　in　the　next。　　See　everything；　inquire　into　everything；　and　you　may　excuse　your　curiosity；　and　the　questions　you　ask　which　otherwise　might　be　thought　impertinent；　by　your　manner　of　asking　them；　for　most　things　depend　a　great　deal　upon　the　manner。　　As；　for　example；　I　AM　AFRAID　THAT　I　AM　VERY　TROUBLESOME　WITH　MY　QUESTIONS；　BUT　NOBODY　CAN　INFORM　ME　SO　WELL　AS　YOU；　or　something　of　that　kind。

Now　that　you　are　in　a　Lutheran　country；　go　to　their　churches；　and　observe　the　manner　of　their　public　worship；　attend　to　their　ceremonies；　and　inquire　the　meaning　and　intention　of　everyone　of　them。　　And；　as　you　will　soon　understand　German　well　enough；　attend　to　their　sermons；　and　observe　their　manner　of　preaching。　　Inform　yourself　of　their　church　government：　whether　it　resides　in　the　sovereign；　or　in　consistories　and　synods。　Whence　arises　the　maintenance　of　their　clergy；　whether　from　tithes；　as　in　England；　or　from　voluntary　contributions；　or　from　pensions　from　the　state。　　Do　the　same　thing　when　you　are　in　Roman　Catholic　countries；　go　to　their　churches；　see　all　their　ceremonies：　ask　the　meaning　of　them；　get　the　terms　explained　to　you。　　As；　for　instance；　Prime；　Tierce；　Sexte；　Nones；　Matins；　Angelus；　High　Mass；　Vespers；　Complines；　etc。　　Inform　yourself　of　their　several　religious　orders；　their　founders；　their　rules；　their　vows；　their　habits；　their　revenues；　etc。　　But；　when　you　frequent　places　of　public　worship；　as　I　would　have　you　go　to　all　the　different　ones　you　meet　with；　remember；　that　however　erroneous；　they　are　none　of　them　objects　of　laughter　and　ridicule。　　Honest　error　is　to　be　pitied；　not　ridiculed。　　The　object　of　all　the　public　worships　in　the　world　is　the　same；　it　is　that　great　eternal　Being　who　created　everything。　　The　different　manners　of　worship　are　by　no　means　subjects　of　ridicule。　　Each　sect　thinks　its　own　is　the　best；　and　I　know　no　infallible　judge　in　this　world；　to　decide　which　is　the　best。　　Make　the　same　inquiries；　wherever　you　are；　concerning　the　revenues；　the　military　establishment；　the　trade；　the　commerce；　and　the　police　of　every　country。　　And　you　would　do　well　to　keep　a　blank　paper　book；　which　the　Germans　call　an　ALBUM；　and　there；　instead　of　desiring；　as　they　do；　every　fool　they　meet　with　to　scribble　something；　write　down　all　these　things　as　soon　as　they　come　to　your　knowledge　from　good　authorities。

I　had　almost　forgotten　one　thing；　which　I　would　recommend　as　an　object　for　your　curiosity　and　information；　that　is；　the　administration　of　justice；　which；　as　it　is　always　carried　on　in　open　court；　you　may；　and　I　would　have　you；　go　and　see　it　with　attention　and　inquiry。

I　have　now　but　one　anxiety　left；　which　is　concerning　you。　　I　would　have　you　be；　what　I　know　nobody　isperfect。　　As　that　is　impossible；　I　w