°Ëϲµç×ÓÊé > ¾­¹ÜÆäËûµç×ÓÊé > the.world.is.flat >

µÚ26²¿·Ö

the.world.is.flat-µÚ26²¿·Ö

С˵£º the.world.is.flat ×ÖÊý£º ÿҳ4000×Ö

°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡û »ò ¡ú ¿É¿ìËÙÉÏÏ·­Ò³£¬°´¼üÅÌÉ쵀 Enter ¼ü¿É»Øµ½±¾ÊéĿ¼ҳ£¬°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡ü ¿É»Øµ½±¾Ò³¶¥²¿£¡
¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ªÎ´ÔĶÁÍꣿ¼ÓÈëÊéÇ©ÒѱãÏ´μÌÐøÔĶÁ£¡



the¡¡incremental¡¡computing¡¡cost¡¡close¡¡to¡¡zero£»¡¡but¡¡so¡¡too¡¡was¡¡the¡¡transmission¡¡cost£»¡¡
and¡¡the¡¡computer¡¡was¡¡idle¡¡£§at¡¡night£§¡£¡¨¡¡
For¡¡all¡¡these¡¡reasons¡¡I¡¡believe¡¡that¡¡Y2K¡¡should¡¡be¡¡a¡¡national¡¡holiday¡¡in¡¡India£»¡¡a¡¡
second¡¡Indian¡¡Independence¡¡Day£»¡¡in¡¡addition¡¡to¡¡August¡¡15¡£¡¡As¡¡Johns¡¡Hopkins¡¡foreign¡¡
policy¡¡expert¡¡Michael¡¡Mandelbaum£»¡¡who¡¡spent¡¡part¡¡of¡¡his¡¡youth¡¡in¡¡India£»¡¡put¡¡it£»¡¡¡¨Y2K¡¡
should¡¡be¡¡called¡¡Indian¡¡Inter¡­depedence¡¡Day£»¡¨¡¡because¡¡it¡¡was¡¡India's¡¡ability¡¡to¡¡
collaborate¡¡with¡¡Western¡¡companies£»¡¡thanks¡¡to¡¡the¡¡interdependence¡¡created¡¡by¡¡
fiber¡­optic¡¡networks£»¡¡that¡¡really¡¡vaulted¡¡it¡¡forward¡¡and¡¡gave¡¡more¡¡Indians¡¡than¡¡ever¡¡
some¡¡real¡¡freedom¡¡of¡¡choice¡¡in¡¡how£»¡¡for¡¡whom£»¡¡and¡¡where¡¡they¡¡worked¡£¡¡
To¡¡put¡¡it¡¡another¡¡way£»¡¡August¡¡15¡¡commemorates¡¡freedom¡¡at¡¡midnight¡£¡¡Y2K¡¡made¡¡possible¡¡
employment¡¡at¡¡midnight¡­but¡¡not¡¡any¡¡employment£»¡¡employment¡¡for¡¡India's¡¡best¡¡knowledge¡¡
workers¡£¡¡August¡¡15¡¡gave¡¡independence¡¡to¡¡India¡£¡¡But¡¡Y2K¡¡gave¡¡independence¡¡to¡¡Indians¡­¡¡
not¡¡all£»¡¡by¡¡any¡¡stretch¡¡of¡¡the¡¡imagination£»¡¡but¡¡a¡¡lot¡¡more¡¡than¡¡fifty¡¡years¡¡ago£»¡¡and¡¡
many¡¡of¡¡them¡¡from¡¡the¡¡most¡¡productive¡¡segment¡¡of¡¡the¡¡population¡£¡¡In¡¡that¡¡sense£»¡¡yes£»¡¡
India¡¡was¡¡lucky£»¡¡but¡¡it¡¡also¡¡reaped¡¡what¡¡it¡¡had¡¡sowed¡¡through¡¡hard¡¡work¡¡and¡¡education¡¡
and¡¡the¡¡wisdom¡¡of¡¡its¡¡elders¡¡who¡¡built¡¡all¡¡those¡¡IITs¡£¡¡
Louis¡¡Pasteur¡¡said¡¡it¡¡a¡¡long¡¡time¡¡ago£º¡¡¡¨Fortune¡¡favors¡¡the¡¡prepared¡¡mind¡£¡¨¡¡

Flattener¡¡#6¡¡
Offshoring¡¡
Running¡¡with¡¡Gazelles£»¡¡Eating¡¡with¡¡Lions¡¡
On¡¡December¡¡11£»¡¡2001£»¡¡China¡¡formally¡¡joined¡¡the¡¡World¡¡Trade¡¡Organization£»¡¡which¡¡meant¡¡
Beijing¡¡agreed¡¡tofollow¡¡the¡¡same¡¡global¡¡rules¡¡governing¡¡imports£»¡¡exports£»¡¡andforeign¡¡
investments¡¡that¡¡most¡¡countries¡¡in¡¡the¡¡world¡¡were¡¡following¡£¡¡It¡¡meant¡¡China¡¡was¡¡
agreeing£»¡¡in¡¡principle£»¡¡to¡¡make¡¡its¡¡own¡¡competitive¡¡playing¡¡field¡¡as¡¡level¡¡as¡¡the¡¡
rest¡¡of¡¡the¡¡world¡£¡¡A¡¡few¡¡days¡¡later£»¡¡the¡¡American¡­trained¡¡Chinese¡¡manager¡¡of¡¡a¡¡fuel¡¡
pump¡¡factory¡¡in¡¡Beijing£»¡¡which¡¡was¡¡owned¡¡by¡¡a¡¡friend¡¡of¡¡mine£»¡¡Jack¡¡Perkowski£»¡¡the¡¡
chairman¡¡andCEO¡¡of¡¡ASIMCO¡¡Technologies£»¡¡an¡¡American¡¡auto¡¡parts¡¡manufacturer¡¡in¡¡China£»¡¡
posted¡¡the¡¡following¡¡African¡¡proverb£»¡¡translated¡¡into¡¡Mandarin£»¡¡on¡¡his¡¡factory¡¡floor£º¡¡
Every¡¡morning¡¡in¡¡Africa£»¡¡a¡¡gazelle¡¡wakes¡¡up¡£¡¡
It¡¡knows¡¡it¡¡must¡¡run¡¡faster¡¡than¡¡the¡¡fastest¡¡lion¡¡or¡¡it¡¡will¡¡be¡¡killed¡£¡¡
Every¡¡morning¡¡a¡¡lion¡¡wakes¡¡up¡£¡¡
It¡¡knows¡¡it¡¡must¡¡outrun¡¡the¡¡slowest¡¡gazelle¡¡or¡¡it¡¡will¡¡starve¡¡to¡¡death¡£¡¡
It¡¡doesn't¡¡matter¡¡whether¡¡you¡¡are¡¡a¡¡lion¡¡or¡¡a¡¡gazelle¡£¡¡
When¡¡the¡¡sun¡¡comes¡¡up£»¡¡you¡¡better¡¡start¡¡running¡£¡¡
I¡¡don't¡¡know¡¡who¡¡is¡¡the¡¡lion¡¡and¡¡who¡¡is¡¡the¡¡gazelle£»¡¡but¡¡I¡¡do¡¡know¡¡this£º¡¡Ever¡¡since¡¡
the¡¡Chinese¡¡joined¡¡the¡¡WTO£»¡¡both¡¡they¡¡and¡¡the¡¡rest¡¡of¡¡the¡¡world¡¡have¡¡had¡¡to¡¡run¡¡faster¡¡
and¡¡faster¡£¡¡This¡¡is¡¡because¡¡China's¡¡joining¡¡the¡¡WTO¡¡gave¡¡a¡¡huge¡¡boost¡¡to¡¡another¡¡form¡¡
of¡¡collaboration¡­¡¡offshoring¡£¡¡Offshoring£»¡¡which¡¡has¡¡been¡¡around¡¡for¡¡decades£»¡¡is¡¡
different¡¡from¡¡outsourcing¡£¡¡Outsourcing¡¡means¡¡taking¡¡some¡¡specific£»¡¡but¡¡limited£»¡¡
function¡¡that¡¡your¡¡company¡¡was¡¡doing¡¡in¡­house¡­such¡¡as¡¡research£»¡¡call¡¡centers£»¡¡or¡¡


accounts¡¡receivable¡­and¡¡having¡¡another¡¡company¡¡perform¡¡that¡¡exact¡¡same¡¡function¡¡for¡¡
you¡¡and¡¡then¡¡reintegrating¡¡their¡¡work¡¡back¡¡into¡¡your¡¡overall¡¡operation¡£¡¡Offshoring£»¡¡
by¡¡contrast£»¡¡is¡¡when¡¡a¡¡company¡¡takes¡¡one¡¡of¡¡its¡¡factories¡¡that¡¡it¡¡is¡¡operating¡¡in¡¡
Canton£»¡¡Ohio£»¡¡and¡¡moves¡¡the¡¡whole¡¡factory¡¡offshore¡¡to¡¡Canton£»¡¡China¡£¡¡There£»¡¡it¡¡
produces¡¡the¡¡very¡¡same¡¡product¡¡in¡¡the¡¡very¡¡same¡¡way£»¡¡only¡¡with¡¡cheaper¡¡labor£»¡¡lower¡¡
taxes£»¡¡
115¡¡
subsidized¡¡energy£»¡¡and¡¡lower¡¡health¡­care¡¡costs¡£¡¡Just¡¡as¡¡Y2K¡¡took¡¡India¡¡and¡¡the¡¡world¡¡
to¡¡a¡¡whole¡¡new¡¡level¡¡of¡¡outsourcing£»¡¡China's¡¡joining¡¡the¡¡WTO¡¡took¡¡Beijing¡¡and¡¡the¡¡
world¡¡to¡¡a¡¡whole¡¡new¡¡level¡¡of¡¡offshoring¡­with¡¡more¡¡companies¡¡shifting¡¡production¡¡
offshore¡¡and¡¡then¡¡integrating¡¡it¡¡into¡¡their¡¡global¡¡supply¡¡chains¡£¡¡
In¡¡1977£»¡¡Chinese¡¡leader¡¡Deng¡¡Xiaoping¡¡put¡¡China¡¡on¡¡the¡¡road¡¡to¡¡capitalism£»¡¡declaring¡¡
later¡¡that¡¡¡¨to¡¡get¡¡rich¡¡is¡¡glorious¡£¡¨¡¡When¡¡China¡¡first¡¡opened¡¡its¡¡tightly¡¡closed¡¡
economy£»¡¡companies¡¡in¡¡industrialized¡¡countries¡¡saw¡¡it¡¡as¡¡an¡¡incredible¡¡new¡¡market¡¡
for¡¡exports¡£¡¡Every¡¡Western¡¡or¡¡Asian¡¡manufacturer¡¡dreamed¡¡of¡¡selling¡¡its¡¡equivalent¡¡
of¡¡1¡¡billion¡¡pairs¡¡of¡¡underwear¡¡to¡¡a¡¡single¡¡market¡£¡¡Some¡¡foreign¡¡companies¡¡set¡¡up¡¡
shop¡¡in¡¡China¡¡to¡¡do¡¡just¡¡that¡£¡¡But¡¡because¡¡China¡¡was¡¡not¡¡subject¡¡to¡¡world¡¡trade¡¡rules£»¡¡
it¡¡was¡¡able¡¡to¡¡restrict¡¡the¡¡penetration¡¡into¡¡its¡¡market¡¡by¡¡these¡¡Western¡¡companies¡¡
through¡¡various¡¡trade¡¡and¡¡investment¡¡barriers¡£¡¡And¡¡when¡¡it¡¡was¡¡not¡¡doing¡¡that¡¡
deliberately£»¡¡the¡¡sheer¡¡bureaucratic¡¡and¡¡cultural¡¡difficulties¡¡of¡¡doing¡¡business¡¡in¡¡
China¡¡had¡¡the¡¡same¡¡effect¡£¡¡Many¡¡of¡¡the¡¡pioneer¡¡investors¡¡in¡¡China¡¡lost¡¡their¡¡shirts¡¡
and¡¡pants¡¡and¡¡underwear¡­¡¡and¡¡with¡¡China's¡¡Wild¡¡West¡¡legal¡¡system¡¡there¡¡was¡¡not¡¡much¡¡
recourse¡£¡¡
Beginning¡¡in¡¡the¡¡1980s£»¡¡many¡¡investors£»¡¡particularly¡¡overseas¡¡Chinese¡¡who¡¡knew¡¡how¡¡
to¡¡operate¡¡in¡¡China£»¡¡started¡¡to¡¡say£»¡¡¡¨Well£»¡¡if¡¡we¡¡can't¡¡sell¡¡that¡¡many¡¡things¡¡to¡¡the¡¡
Chinese¡¡right¡¡now£»¡¡why¡¡don't¡¡we¡¡use¡¡China's¡¡disciplined¡¡labor¡¡pool¡¡to¡¡make¡¡things¡¡
there¡¡and¡¡sell¡¡them¡¡abroad£¿¡¨¡¡This¡¡dovetailed¡¡with¡¡the¡¡interests¡¡of¡¡China's¡¡leaders¡£¡¡
China¡¡wanted¡¡to¡¡attract¡¡foreign¡¡manufacturers¡¡and¡¡their¡¡technologies¡­not¡¡simply¡¡to¡¡
manufacture¡¡1¡¡billion¡¡pairs¡¡of¡¡underwear¡¡for¡¡sale¡¡in¡¡China¡¡but¡¡to¡¡use¡¡low¡­wage¡¡Chinese¡¡
labor¡¡to¡¡also¡¡sell¡¡6¡¡billion¡¡pairs¡¡of¡¡underwear¡¡to¡¡everyone¡¡else¡¡in¡¡the¡¡world£»¡¡and¡¡
at¡¡prices¡¡that¡¡were¡¡a¡¡fraction¡¡of¡¡what¡¡the¡¡underwear¡¡companies¡¡in¡¡Europe¡¡or¡¡America¡¡
or¡¡even¡¡Mexico¡¡were¡¡charging¡£¡¡
Once¡¡that¡¡offshoring¡¡process¡¡began¡¡in¡¡a¡¡range¡¡of¡¡industries¡­from¡¡textiles¡¡to¡¡consumer¡¡
electronics¡¡to¡¡furniture¡¡to¡¡eyeglass¡¡frames¡¡toauto¡¡parts¡­the¡¡only¡¡way¡¡other¡¡companies¡¡
could¡¡compete¡¡was¡¡by¡¡offshoring¡¡to¡¡China¡¡as¡¡well¡¡£¨taking¡¡advantage¡¡of¡¡its¡¡low¡­cost£»¡¡
high¡­quality¡¡platform£©£»¡¡or¡¡by¡¡looking¡¡for¡¡alternative¡¡manufacturing¡¡centers¡¡in¡¡
Eastern¡¡Europe£»¡¡the¡¡Caribbean£»¡¡or¡¡somewhere¡¡else¡¡in¡¡the¡¡developing¡¡world¡£¡¡
116¡¡
By¡¡joining¡¡the¡¡World¡¡Trade¡¡Organization¡¡in¡¡2001£»¡¡China¡¡assured¡¡foreign¡¡companies¡¡that¡¡
if¡¡they¡¡shifted¡¡factories¡¡offshore¡¡to¡¡China£»¡¡they¡¡would¡¡be¡¡protected¡¡by¡¡international¡¡
law¡¡and¡¡standard¡¡business¡¡practices¡£¡¡This¡¡greatly¡¡enhanced¡¡China's¡¡attractiveness¡¡
as¡¡a¡¡manufacturing¡¡platform¡£¡¡Under¡¡WTO¡¡rules£»¡¡Beijing¡¡agreed¡­with¡¡some¡¡time¡¡for¡¡
phase¡­in¡­to¡¡treat¡¡non¡­Chinese¡¡citizens¡¡or¡¡firms¡¡as¡¡if¡¡they¡¡were¡¡Chinese¡¡in¡¡terms¡¡of¡¡
their¡¡economic¡¡rights¡¡and¡¡obligations¡¡under¡¡Chinese¡¡law¡£¡¡This¡¡meant¡¡that¡¡foreign¡¡


companies¡¡could¡¡sell¡¡virtually¡¡anything¡¡anywhere¡¡in¡¡China¡£¡¡WTO¡¡membership¡¡status¡¡also¡¡
meant¡¡that¡¡Beijing¡¡agreed¡¡to¡¡treat¡¡all¡¡WTO¡¡member¡¡nations¡¡equally£»¡¡meaning¡¡that¡¡the¡¡
same¡¡tariffs¡¡and¡¡the¡¡same¡¡regulations¡¡had¡¡to¡¡apply¡¡equally¡¡for¡¡everyone¡£¡¡And¡¡it¡¡agreed¡¡
to¡¡submit¡¡itself¡¡to¡¡international¡¡arbitration¡¡in¡¡the¡¡event¡¡of¡¡a¡¡trade¡¡dispute¡¡with¡¡
another¡¡country¡¡or¡¡a¡¡foreign¡¡company¡£¡¡At¡¡the¡¡same¡¡time£»¡¡government¡¡bureaucrats¡¡became¡¡
more¡¡customer¡­friendly£»¡¡procedures¡¡for¡¡investments¡¡were¡¡streamlined£»¡¡and¡¡Web¡¡sites¡¡
proliferated¡¡in¡¡different¡¡ministries¡¡to¡¡help¡¡foreigners¡¡navigate¡¡China's¡¡business¡¡
regulations¡£¡¡I¡¡don't¡¡know¡¡how¡¡many¡¡Chinese¡¡actually¡¡ever¡¡bought¡¡a¡¡copy¡¡of¡¡Mao's¡¡Little¡¡
Red¡¡Book£»¡¡but¡¡U¡£S¡£¡¡embassy¡¡officials¡¡in¡¡China¡¡told¡¡me¡¡that¡¡2¡¡million¡¡copies¡¡of¡¡the¡¡
Chinese¡­language¡¡edition¡¡of¡¡the¡¡WTO¡¡rule¡¡book¡¡were¡¡sold¡¡in¡¡the¡¡weeks¡¡immediately¡¡after¡¡
China¡¡signed¡¡on¡¡to¡¡the¡¡WTO¡£¡¡To¡¡put¡¡it¡¡another¡¡way£»¡¡China¡¡under¡¡Mao¡¡was¡¡closed¡¡and¡¡
isolated¡¡from¡¡the¡¡other¡¡flattening¡¡forces¡¡of¡¡his¡¡day£»¡¡and¡¡as¡¡a¡¡result¡¡Mao¡¡was¡¡really¡¡
a¡¡challenge¡¡only¡¡to¡¡his¡¡own¡¡people¡£¡¡Deng¡¡Xiaoping¡¡made¡¡China¡¡open¡¡to¡¡absorbing¡¡many¡¡
of¡¡the¡¡ten¡¡flatteners£»¡¡and£»¡¡in¡¡so¡¡doing£»¡¡made¡¡China¡¡a¡¡challenge¡¡to¡¡the¡¡whole¡¡world¡£¡¡
Before¡¡China¡¡signed¡¡on¡¡to¡¡the¡¡WTO£»¡¡there¡¡was¡¡a¡¡sense¡¡that£»¡¡while¡¡China¡¡had¡¡opened¡¡
up¡¡to¡¡get¡¡the¡¡advantages¡¡of¡¡trade¡¡with¡¡the¡¡West£»¡¡the¡¡government¡¡and¡¡the¡¡banks¡¡would¡¡
protect¡¡Chinese¡¡businesses¡¡from¡¡any¡¡crushing¡¡foreign¡¡competition£»¡¡saidJack¡¡Perkowski¡¡
of¡¡ASIMCO¡£¡¡¡¨China's¡¡entry¡¡into¡¡the¡¡WTO¡¡was¡¡a¡¡signal¡¡to¡¡the¡¡community¡¡outside¡¡of¡¡China¡¡
that¡¡it¡¡was¡¡now¡¡on¡¡the¡¡capitalist¡¡track¡¡for¡¡good£»¡¨¡¡he¡¡added¡£¡¡¡¨Before£»¡¡you¡¡had¡¡the¡¡
thought¡¡in¡¡the¡¡back¡¡of¡¡your¡¡mind¡¡that¡¡there¡¡could¡¡be¡¡a¡¡turning¡¡back¡¡to¡¡state¡¡communism¡£¡¡
With¡¡WTO£»¡¡China¡¡said£»¡¡'We¡¡are¡¡on¡¡one¡¡course¡£'¡¨¡¡
Because¡¡China¡¡can¡¡amass¡¡so¡¡many¡¡low¡­wage¡¡workers¡¡at¡¡the¡¡unskilled£»¡¡semiskilled£»¡¡and¡¡
skilled¡¡levels£»¡¡because¡¡it¡¡has¡¡such¡¡a¡¡voracious¡¡appetite¡¡for¡¡factory£»¡¡equipment£»¡¡and¡¡
knowledge¡¡jobs¡¡to¡¡keep¡¡its¡¡people¡¡

employed£»¡¡and¡¡because¡¡it¡¡has¡¡such¡¡a¡¡massive¡¡and¡¡burgeoning¡¡consumer¡¡market£»¡¡it¡¡has¡¡
become¡¡an¡¡unparalleled¡¡zone¡¡for¡¡offshoring¡£¡¡China¡¡has¡¡more¡¡than¡¡160¡¡cities¡¡with¡¡a¡¡
population¡¡of¡¡1¡¡million¡¡or¡¡more¡£¡¡You¡¡can¡¡go¡¡to¡¡towns¡¡on¡¡the¡¡east¡¡coast¡¡of¡¡China¡¡today¡¡
that¡¡you¡¡have¡¡never¡¡heard¡¡of¡¡and¡¡discover¡¡that¡¡this¡¡one¡¡town¡¡manufacturers¡¡most¡¡of¡¡
the¡¡eyeglass¡¡frames¡¡in¡¡the¡¡world£»¡¡while¡¡the¡¡town¡¡next¡¡door¡¡manufacturers¡¡most¡¡of¡¡the¡¡
portable¡¡cigarette¡¡lighters¡¡in¡¡the¡¡world£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡one¡¡next¡¡to¡¡that¡¡is¡¡doing¡¡most¡¡of¡¡
the¡¡computer¡¡screens¡¡for¡¡Dell£»¡¡and¡¡another¡¡is¡¡specializing¡¡in¡¡mobile¡¡phones¡£¡¡Kenichi¡¡
Ohmae£»¡¡the¡¡Japanese¡¡business¡¡consultant£»¡¡estimates¡¡in¡¡his¡¡book¡¡The¡¡United¡¡States¡¡of¡¡
China¡¡that¡¡in¡¡the¡¡Zhu¡¡Jiang¡¡Delta¡¡area¡¡alone£»¡¡north¡¡of¡¡Hong¡¡Kong£»¡¡there¡¡are¡¡fifty¡¡
thousand¡¡Chinese¡¡electronics¡¡component¡¡suppliers¡£¡¡
¡¨China¡¡is¡¡a¡¡threat£»¡¡China¡¡is¡¡a¡¡customer£»¡¡and¡¡China¡¡is¡¡an¡¡opportunity£»¡¨¡¡Ohmae¡¡remarked¡¡
to¡¡me¡¡one¡¡day¡¡in¡¡Tokyo¡£¡¡¡¨You¡¡have¡¡to¡¡internalize¡¡China¡¡to¡¡succeed¡£¡¡You¡¡cannot¡¡ignore¡¡
it¡£¡¨¡¡Instead¡¡of¡¡competing¡¡with¡¡China¡¡as¡¡an¡¡enemy£»¡¡argues¡¡Ohmae£»¡¡you¡¡break¡¡down¡¡your¡¡
business¡¡and¡¡think¡¡about¡¡which¡¡part¡¡of¡¡the¡¡business¡¡you¡¡would¡¡like¡¡to¡¡do¡¡in¡¡China£»¡¡
which¡¡part¡¡you¡¡would¡¡like¡¡to¡¡sell¡¡to¡¡China£»¡¡and¡¡which¡¡part¡¡you¡¡want¡¡to¡¡buy¡¡from¡¡China¡£¡¡
Here¡¡we¡¡get¡¡to¡¡the¡¡real¡¡flattening¡¡aspect¡¡of¡¡China's¡¡opening¡¡to¡¡the¡¡world¡¡market¡£¡¡
The¡¡more¡¡attractive¡¡China¡¡makes¡¡itself¡¡as¡¡a¡¡base¡¡for¡¡off¡­shoring£»¡¡the¡¡more¡¡attractive¡¡
other¡¡developed¡¡and¡¡developing¡¡countries¡¡competing¡¡with¡¡it£»¡¡like¡¡Malaysia£»¡¡Thailand£»¡¡
Ireland£»¡¡Mexico£»¡¡Brazil£»¡¡and¡¡Vietnam£»¡¡have¡¡to¡¡make¡¡themselves¡£¡¡They¡¡all¡¡look¡¡at¡¡what¡¡


is¡¡going¡¡on¡¡in¡¡China¡¡and¡¡the¡¡jobs¡¡moving¡¡there¡¡and¡¡say¡¡to¡¡themselves£»¡¡¡¨Holy¡¡catfish£»¡¡
we¡¡had¡¡better¡¡start¡¡offering¡¡these¡¡same¡¡incentives¡£¡¨¡¡This¡¡has¡¡created¡¡a¡¡process¡¡of¡¡
competitive¡¡flattening£»¡¡in¡¡which¡¡countries¡¡scramble¡¡to¡¡see¡¡who¡¡can¡¡give¡¡companies¡¡
the¡¡best¡¡tax¡¡breaks£»¡¡education¡¡incentives£»¡¡and¡¡subsidies£»¡¡on¡¡top¡¡of¡¡their¡¡cheap¡¡labor£»¡¡
to¡¡encourage¡¡offshoring¡¡to¡¡their¡¡shores¡£¡¡
Ohio¡¡State¡¡Uni

·µ»ØĿ¼ ÉÏÒ»Ò³ ÏÂÒ»Ò³ »Øµ½¶¥²¿ ÔÞ£¨0£© ²È£¨0£©

Äã¿ÉÄÜϲ»¶µÄ