°Ëϲµç×ÓÊé > ¾­¹ÜÆäËûµç×ÓÊé > kwaidan-stories and studies of strange things(Ææ̸) >

µÚ26²¿·Ö

kwaidan-stories and studies of strange things(Ææ̸)-µÚ26²¿·Ö

С˵£º kwaidan-stories and studies of strange things(Ææ̸) ×ÖÊý£º ÿҳ4000×Ö

°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡û »ò ¡ú ¿É¿ìËÙÉÏÏ·­Ò³£¬°´¼üÅÌÉ쵀 Enter ¼ü¿É»Øµ½±¾ÊéĿ¼ҳ£¬°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡ü ¿É»Øµ½±¾Ò³¶¥²¿£¡
¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ªÎ´ÔĶÁÍꣿ¼ÓÈëÊéÇ©ÒѱãÏ´μÌÐøÔĶÁ£¡




¡¡£§4£§¡¡¡¡A¡¡¡¡present¡¡¡¡¡¡made¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡friends¡¡¡¡¡¡or¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡household¡¡¡¡¡¡on¡¡¡¡¡¡returning¡¡¡¡¡¡from¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡

journey¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡thus¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡called¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡Ordinarily£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡course£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡miyage¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡consists¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡

something¡¡produced¡¡in¡¡the¡¡locality¡¡to¡¡which¡¡the¡¡journey¡¡has¡¡been¡¡made£º¡¡

this¡¡is¡¡the¡¡point¡¡of¡¡Kwairyo's¡¡jest¡£¡¡£¨6£©¡¡Present¡­day¡¡Nagano¡¡Prefecture¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡A¡¡¡¡DEAD¡¡¡¡¡¡SECRET¡¡¡¡£¨1£©¡¡¡¡¡¡On¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡present¡­day¡¡¡¡¡¡map£»¡¡¡¡¡¡Tamba¡¡¡¡¡¡corresponds¡¡

roughly¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡central¡¡¡¡¡¡area¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡Kyoto¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Prefecture¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡part¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡Hyogo¡¡

Prefecture¡£¡¡¡¡£§1£§¡¡The¡¡¡¡¡¡Hour¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡Rat¡¡¡¡¡¡£¨Ne¡­no¡­Koku£©£»¡¡¡¡¡¡according¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡old¡¡

Japanese¡¡method¡¡of¡¡reckoning¡¡time£»¡¡was¡¡the¡¡first¡¡hour¡£¡¡It¡¡corresponded¡¡to¡¡

the¡¡¡¡¡¡time¡¡¡¡¡¡between¡¡¡¡¡¡our¡¡¡¡¡¡midnight¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡two¡¡¡¡¡¡o'clock¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡morning£»¡¡¡¡¡¡for¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡

ancient¡¡Japanese¡¡hours¡¡were¡¡each¡¡equal¡¡to¡¡two¡¡modern¡¡hours¡£¡¡£§2£§¡¡Kaimyo£»¡¡

the¡¡¡¡¡¡posthumous¡¡¡¡¡¡Buddhist¡¡¡¡¡¡name£»¡¡¡¡¡¡or¡¡¡¡¡¡religious¡¡¡¡¡¡name£»¡¡¡¡¡¡given¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡dead¡£¡¡

Strictly¡¡¡¡¡¡speaking£»¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡meaning¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡work¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡¡¡sila¡­name¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡£¨See¡¡¡¡¡¡my¡¡¡¡¡¡paper¡¡

entitled£»¡¡¡¨The¡¡Literature¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Dead¡¨¡¡in¡¡Exotics¡¡and¡¡Retrospectives¡££©¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡YUKI¡­ONNA¡¡£¨1£©¡¡An¡¡ancient¡¡province¡¡whose¡¡boundaries¡¡took¡¡in¡¡most¡¡



¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡111¡¡


¡­¡¡Page¡¡112¡­

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡KWAIDAN£º¡¡Stories¡¡and¡¡Studies¡¡of¡¡Strange¡¡Things¡¡



of¡¡present¡­day¡¡Tokyo£»¡¡and¡¡parts¡¡of¡¡Saitama¡¡and¡¡Kanagawa¡¡prefectures¡£¡¡£§1£§¡¡

That¡¡is¡¡to¡¡say£»¡¡with¡¡a¡¡floor¡­surface¡¡of¡¡about¡¡six¡¡feet¡¡square¡£¡¡£§2£§¡¡This¡¡name£»¡¡

signifying¡¡¡¨Snow£»¡¨¡¡is¡¡not¡¡uncommon¡£¡¡On¡¡the¡¡subject¡¡of¡¡Japanese¡¡female¡¡

names£»¡¡see¡¡my¡¡paper¡¡in¡¡the¡¡volume¡¡entitled¡¡Shadowings¡£¡¡£¨2£©¡¡Also¡¡spelled¡¡

Edo£»¡¡the¡¡former¡¡name¡¡of¡¡Tokyo¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡THE¡¡STORY¡¡OF¡¡AOYAGI¡¡£¨1£©¡¡An¡¡ancient¡¡province¡¡corresponding¡¡to¡¡

the¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡northern¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡part¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡present¡­day¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Ishikawa¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Prefecture¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£¨2£©¡¡¡¡An¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡ancient¡¡

province¡¡corresponding¡¡to¡¡the¡¡eastern¡¡part¡¡of¡¡present¡­day¡¡Fukui¡¡Prefecture¡£¡¡

£§1£§¡¡The¡¡¡¡¡¡name¡¡¡¡¡¡signifies¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¨Green¡¡Willow£»¡¨¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡though¡¡¡¡¡¡rarely¡¡¡¡¡¡met¡¡¡¡¡¡with£»¡¡¡¡¡¡it¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡

still¡¡in¡¡use¡£¡¡£§2£§¡¡The¡¡poem¡¡may¡¡be¡¡read¡¡in¡¡two¡¡ways£»¡¡several¡¡of¡¡the¡¡phrases¡¡

having¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡double¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡meaning¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡But¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡art¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡its¡¡¡¡construction¡¡¡¡¡¡would¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡need¡¡

considerable¡¡¡¡¡¡space¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡explain£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡could¡¡¡¡¡¡scarcely¡¡¡¡¡¡interest¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡Western¡¡

reader¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡¡¡¡¡meaning¡¡¡¡¡¡which¡¡¡¡¡¡Tomotada¡¡¡¡¡¡desired¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡convey¡¡¡¡¡¡might¡¡¡¡¡¡be¡¡¡¡¡¡thus¡¡

expressed£º¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¨While¡¡¡¡¡¡journeying¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡visit¡¡¡¡¡¡my¡¡¡¡¡¡mother£»¡¡¡¡¡¡I¡¡¡¡¡¡met¡¡¡¡¡¡with¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡being¡¡

lovely¡¡as¡¡a¡¡flower£»¡¡and¡¡for¡¡the¡¡sake¡¡of¡¡that¡¡lovely¡¡person£»¡¡I¡¡am¡¡passing¡¡the¡¡

day¡¡¡¡¡¡here¡£¡£¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡Fair¡¡¡¡¡¡one£»¡¡¡¡¡¡wherefore¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡dawn¡­like¡¡¡¡¡¡blush¡¡¡¡¡¡before¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡hour¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡

dawn£¿¡¡¡¡can¡¡it¡¡mean¡¡that¡¡you¡¡love¡¡me£¿¡¨¡¡£§3£§¡¡Another¡¡reading¡¡is¡¡possible£»¡¡

but¡¡¡¡¡¡this¡¡¡¡¡¡one¡¡¡¡¡¡gives¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡signification¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡answer¡¡¡¡¡¡intended¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡£§4£§¡¡¡¡¡¡So¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡

Japanese¡¡¡¡¡¡story¡­teller¡¡¡¡¡¡would¡¡¡¡¡¡have¡¡¡¡¡¡us¡¡¡¡¡¡believe£»¡¡¡¡¡¡although¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡verses¡¡¡¡¡¡seem¡¡

commonplace¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡translation¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡I¡¡¡¡have¡¡¡¡¡¡tried¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡give¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡only¡¡¡¡¡¡their¡¡¡¡¡¡general¡¡

meaning£º¡¡an¡¡effective¡¡literal¡¡translation¡¡would¡¡require¡¡some¡¡scholarship¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡JIU¡­ROKU¡­ZAKURA¡¡£¨1£©¡¡Present¡­day¡¡Ehime¡¡Prefecture¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡THE¡¡DREAM¡¡OF¡¡AKINOSUKE¡¡£¨1£©¡¡Present¡­day¡¡Nara¡¡Prefecture¡£¡¡£§1£§¡¡

This¡¡¡¡¡¡name¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¨Tokoyo¡¨¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡¡¡indefinite¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡According¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡circumstances¡¡¡¡¡¡it¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡may¡¡

signify¡¡any¡¡unknown¡¡country£»¡¡or¡¡that¡¡undiscovered¡¡country¡¡from¡¡whose¡¡

bourn¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡no¡¡¡¡¡¡traveler¡¡¡¡¡¡returns£»¡¡¡¡¡¡or¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡Fairyland¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡far¡­eastern¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡fable£»¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡

Realm¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡Horai¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡term¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¨Kokuo¡¨¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡means¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡ruler¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡country£»¡¡

therefore¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡king¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡original¡¡¡¡¡¡phrase£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Tokoyo¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡no¡¡¡¡¡¡Kokuo£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡might¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡be¡¡

rendered¡¡here¡¡as¡¡¡¨the¡¡Ruler¡¡of¡¡Horai£»¡¨¡¡or¡¡¡¨the¡¡King¡¡of¡¡Fairyland¡£¡¨¡¡£§2£§¡¡The¡¡

last¡¡phrase£»¡¡according¡¡to¡¡old¡¡custom£»¡¡had¡¡to¡¡be¡¡uttered¡¡by¡¡both¡¡attendants¡¡

at¡¡the¡¡same¡¡time¡£¡¡All¡¡these¡¡ceremonial¡¡observances¡¡can¡¡still¡¡be¡¡studied¡¡on¡¡

the¡¡¡¡¡¡Japanese¡¡¡¡¡¡stage¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡£§3£§¡¡This¡¡¡¡¡¡was¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡name¡¡¡¡¡¡given¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡estrade£»¡¡¡¡¡¡or¡¡¡¡¡¡dais£»¡¡

upon¡¡which¡¡a¡¡feudal¡¡prince¡¡or¡¡ruler¡¡sat¡¡in¡¡state¡£¡¡The¡¡term¡¡literally¡¡signifies¡¡

¡¨great¡¡seat¡£¡¨¡¡



¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡112¡¡


¡­¡¡Page¡¡113¡­

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡KWAIDAN£º¡¡Stories¡¡and¡¡Studies¡¡of¡¡Strange¡¡Things¡¡



¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡RIKI¡­BAKA¡¡¡¡£¨1£©¡¡¡¡¡¡Kana£º¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡Japanese¡¡¡¡¡¡phonetic¡¡¡¡¡¡alphabet¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡£¨2£©¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¨So¡­and¡­¡¡

so¡¨£º¡¡appellation¡¡used¡¡by¡¡Hearn¡¡in¡¡place¡¡of¡¡the¡¡real¡¡name¡£¡¡£¨3£©¡¡A¡¡section¡¡of¡¡

Tokyo¡£¡¡£§1£§¡¡A¡¡square¡¡piece¡¡of¡¡cotton¡­goods£»¡¡or¡¡other¡¡woven¡¡material£»¡¡used¡¡

as¡¡a¡¡wrapper¡¡in¡¡which¡¡to¡¡carry¡¡small¡¡packages¡£¡¡£¨4£©¡¡Ten¡¡yen¡¡is¡¡nothing¡¡now£»¡¡

but¡¡was¡¡a¡¡formidable¡¡sum¡¡then¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡INSECT¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡STUDIES¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡BUTTERFLIES¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£¨1£©¡¡¡¡¡¡Haiku¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£§1£§¡¡¡¡¡¨The¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡modest¡¡

nymph¡¡beheld¡¡her¡¡God£»¡¡and¡¡blushed¡£¡¨¡¡£¨Or£»¡¡in¡¡a¡¡more¡¡familiar¡¡rendering£º¡¡

¡¨The¡¡¡¡¡¡modest¡¡¡¡¡¡water¡¡¡¡¡¡saw¡¡¡¡¡¡its¡¡¡¡¡¡God£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡blushed¡£¡¨£©¡¡¡¡¡¡In¡¡¡¡¡¡this¡¡¡¡¡¡line¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡double¡¡

value¡¡of¡¡the¡¡word¡¡nympha¡¡¡¡used¡¡by¡¡classical¡¡poets¡¡both¡¡in¡¡the¡¡meaning¡¡

of¡¡fountain¡¡and¡¡in¡¡that¡¡of¡¡the¡¡divinity¡¡of¡¡a¡¡fountain£»¡¡or¡¡spring¡¡¡¡reminds¡¡

one¡¡of¡¡that¡¡graceful¡¡playing¡¡with¡¡words¡¡which¡¡Japanese¡¡poets¡¡practice¡£¡¡£§2£§¡¡

More¡¡¡¡¡¡usually¡¡¡¡¡¡written¡¡¡¡¡¡nugi¡­kakeru£»¡¡¡¡¡¡which¡¡¡¡¡¡means¡¡¡¡¡¡either¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¨to¡¡¡¡¡¡take¡¡¡¡¡¡off¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡

hang¡¡up£»¡¨¡¡or¡¡¡¨to¡¡begin¡¡to¡¡take¡¡off£»¡¨¡¡¡¡as¡¡in¡¡the¡¡above¡¡poem¡£¡¡More¡¡loosely£»¡¡

but¡¡more¡¡¡¡¡¡effectively£»¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡verses¡¡¡¡¡¡might¡¡thus¡¡¡¡¡¡be¡¡¡¡¡¡rendered£º¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¨Like¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡woman¡¡

slipping¡¡off¡¡her¡¡haori¡¡¡¡that¡¡is¡¡the¡¡appearance¡¡of¡¡a¡¡butterfly¡£¡¨¡¡One¡¡¡¡must¡¡

have¡¡seen¡¡the¡¡Japanese¡¡garment¡¡described£»¡¡to¡¡appreciate¡¡the¡¡comparison¡£¡¡

The¡¡haori¡¡is¡¡a¡¡silk¡¡upper¡­dress£»¡¡a¡¡kind¡¡of¡¡sleeved¡¡cloak£»¡¡worn¡¡by¡¡both¡¡

sexes£»¡¡but¡¡the¡¡poem¡¡suggests¡¡a¡¡woman's¡¡haori£»¡¡which¡¡is¡¡usually¡¡of¡¡richer¡¡

color¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡or¡¡¡¡¡¡material¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡¡¡¡¡sleeves¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡are¡¡¡¡¡¡wide£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡lining¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡usually¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡

brightly¡­colored¡¡silk£»¡¡often¡¡beautifully¡¡variegated¡£¡¡In¡¡taking¡¡off¡¡the¡¡haori£»¡¡

the¡¡¡¡¡¡brilliant¡¡¡¡¡¡lining¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡¡¡displayed£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡at¡¡¡¡¡¡such¡¡¡¡¡¡an¡¡¡¡¡¡instant¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡fluttering¡¡

splendor¡¡might¡¡well¡¡be¡¡likened¡¡to¡¡the¡¡appearance¡¡of¡¡a¡¡butterfly¡¡in¡¡motion¡£¡¡

£§3£§¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡¡¡¡¡bird¡­catcher's¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡pole¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡smeared¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡with¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡bird¡­lime£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡verses¡¡

suggest¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡insect¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡¡¡preventing¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡man¡¡¡¡¡¡from¡¡¡¡¡¡using¡¡¡¡¡¡his¡¡¡¡¡¡pole£»¡¡¡¡¡¡by¡¡

persistently¡¡getting¡¡in¡¡the¡¡way¡¡of¡¡it£»¡¡as¡¡the¡¡birds¡¡might¡¡take¡¡warning¡¡from¡¡

seeing¡¡the¡¡butterfly¡¡limed¡£¡¡Jama¡¡suru¡¡means¡¡¡¨to¡¡hinder¡¨¡¡or¡¡¡¨prevent¡£¡¨¡¡£§4£§¡¡

Even¡¡while¡¡it¡¡is¡¡resting£»¡¡the¡¡wings¡¡of¡¡the¡¡butterfly¡¡may¡¡be¡¡seen¡¡to¡¡quiver¡¡at¡¡

moments£»¡¡as¡¡if¡¡the¡¡creature¡¡were¡¡dreaming¡¡of¡¡flight¡£¡¡£§5£§¡¡A¡¡little¡¡poem¡¡by¡¡

Basho£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡greatest¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡all¡¡¡¡Japanese¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡composers¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡hokku¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡verses¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡are¡¡

intended¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡suggest¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡joyous¡¡¡¡¡¡feeling¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡spring¡­time¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡£§6£§¡¡¡¡¡¡Literally£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¨a¡¡

windless¡¡¡¡¡¡day£»¡¨¡¡¡¡¡¡but¡¡¡¡¡¡two¡¡¡¡¡¡negatives¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡Japanese¡¡¡¡¡¡poetry¡¡¡¡¡¡do¡¡¡¡¡¡not¡¡¡¡¡¡necessarily¡¡

imply¡¡an¡¡affirmative£»¡¡as¡¡in¡¡English¡£¡¡The¡¡meaning¡¡is£»¡¡that¡¡although¡¡there¡¡is¡¡

no¡¡¡¡¡¡wind£»¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡fluttering¡¡¡¡¡¡motion¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡butterflies¡¡¡¡¡¡suggests£»¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡eyes¡¡¡¡¡¡at¡¡

least£»¡¡that¡¡a¡¡strong¡¡breeze¡¡is¡¡playing¡£¡¡£§7£§¡¡Alluding¡¡to¡¡the¡¡Buddhist¡¡proverb£º¡¡



¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡113¡¡


¡­¡¡Page¡¡114¡­

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡KWAIDAN£º¡¡Stories¡¡and¡¡Studies¡¡of¡¡Strange¡¡Things¡¡



Rakkwa¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡eda¡¡¡¡¡¡ni¡¡¡¡kaerazu£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡ha¡­kyo¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡futatabi¡¡¡¡¡¡terasazu¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£¨¡¨The¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡fallen¡¡¡¡¡¡flower¡¡

returns¡¡not¡¡to¡¡the¡¡branch£»¡¡the¡¡broken¡¡mirror¡¡never¡¡again¡¡reflects¡£¡¨£©¡¡So¡¡says¡¡

the¡¡proverb¡¡¡¡yet¡¡it¡¡seemed¡¡to¡¡me¡¡that¡¡I¡¡saw¡¡a¡¡fallen¡¡flower¡¡return¡¡to¡¡the¡¡

branch¡£¡£¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡No£º¡¡¡¡¡¡it¡¡¡¡¡¡was¡¡¡¡¡¡only¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡butterfly¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡£§8£§¡¡Alluding¡¡¡¡¡¡probably¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡light¡¡

fluttering¡¡motion¡¡of¡¡falling¡¡cherry¡­petals¡£¡¡£§9£§¡¡That¡¡is¡¡to¡¡say£»¡¡the¡¡grace¡¡of¡¡

their¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡motion¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡makes¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡one¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡think¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡grace¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡young¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡girls£»¡¡¡¡daintily¡¡

costumed£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡robes¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡with¡¡¡¡¡¡long¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡fluttering¡¡¡¡¡¡sleeves¡£¡£¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡And¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡old¡¡¡¡¡¡Japanese¡¡

proverb¡¡declares¡¡that¡¡even¡¡a¡¡devil¡¡is¡¡pretty¡¡at¡¡eighteen£º¡¡Oni¡¡mo¡¡jiu¡­hachi¡¡

azami¡¡no¡¡hana£º¡¡¡¨Even¡¡a¡¡devil¡¡at¡¡eighteen£»¡¡flower¡­of¡­the¡­thistle¡£¡¨¡¡£§10£§¡¡¡¡Or¡¡

perhaps¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡verses¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡might¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡be¡¡¡¡more¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡effectively¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡rendered¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡thus£º¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¨Happy¡¡

together£»¡¡do¡¡you¡¡say£¿¡¡Yes¡¡¡¡if¡¡we¡¡should¡¡be¡¡reborn¡¡as¡¡field¡­butterflies¡¡in¡¡

some¡¡future¡¡life£º¡¡then¡¡we¡¡might¡¡accord£¡¡¨¡¡This¡¡poem¡¡was¡¡composed¡¡by¡¡the¡¡

celebrated¡¡poet¡¡Issa£»¡¡on¡¡the¡¡occasion¡¡of¡¡divorcing¡¡his¡¡wife¡£¡¡£§11£§¡¡Or£»¡¡Tare¡¡

no¡¡¡¡¡¡tama£¿¡¡¡¡¡¡£§Digitizer's¡¡¡¡¡¡note£º¡¡¡¡¡¡Hearn's¡¡¡¡¡¡note¡¡¡¡¡¡calls¡¡¡¡¡¡attention¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡an¡¡¡¡¡¡alternative¡¡

reading¡¡of¡¡the¡¡ideogram¡¡for¡¡¡¨spirit¡¨¡¡or¡¡¡¨soul¡£¡¨£§¡¡£§12£§¡¡Literally£»¡¡¡¨Butterfly¡­¡¡

pursing¡¡heart¡¡I¡¡wish¡¡to¡¡have¡¡always£»'¡¡¡¡i¡£e¡££»¡¡I¡¡would¡¡that¡¡I¡¡might¡¡always¡¡be¡¡

able¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡find¡¡¡¡¡¡pleasure¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡simple¡¡¡¡¡¡things£»¡¡¡¡¡¡like¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡happy¡¡¡¡¡¡child¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡£§13£§¡¡¡¡¡¡An¡¡¡¡¡¡old¡¡

popular¡¡error£»¡¡probably¡¡imported¡¡from¡¡China¡£¡¡£§14£§¡¡A¡¡name¡¡suggested¡¡by¡¡

the¡¡¡¡¡¡resemblance¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡larva's¡¡¡¡¡¡artificial¡¡¡¡¡¡covering¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡mino£»¡¡¡¡¡¡or¡¡¡¡¡¡straw¡­¡¡

raincoat£»¡¡worn¡¡by¡¡Japanese¡¡peasants¡£¡¡I¡¡am¡¡not¡¡sure¡¡whether¡¡the¡¡dictionary¡¡

rendering£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¨basket¡­worm£»¡¨¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡quite¡¡¡¡¡¡correct£»¡¡¡¡¡¡but¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡larva¡¡¡¡¡¡commonly¡¡

called¡¡minomushi¡¡does¡¡really¡¡construct¡¡for¡¡itself¡¡something¡¡much¡¡like¡¡the¡¡

covering¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡basket¡­worm¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡£¨2£©¡¡¡¡¡¡A¡¡¡¡¡¡very¡¡¡¡¡¡large£»¡¡¡¡¡¡white¡¡¡¡¡¡radish¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¨Daikon¡¨¡¡

literally¡¡means¡¡¡¨big¡¡root¡£¡¨¡¡£§15£§¡¡Pyrus¡¡spectabilis¡£¡¡£§16£§¡¡An¡¡evil¡¡spirit¡£¡¡£¨3£©¡¡A¡¡

common¡¡female¡¡name¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡MOSQUITOES¡¡£¨1£©¡¡Meiji£º¡¡The¡¡period¡¡in¡¡which¡¡Hearn¡¡wrote¡¡this¡¡book¡£¡¡

It¡¡lasted¡¡from¡¡1868¡¡to¡¡1912£»¡¡and¡¡was¡¡a¡¡time¡¡when¡¡Japan¡¡plunged¡¡head¡­first¡¡

into¡¡Western¡­style¡¡¡¡¡¡modernization¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡By¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¨fashions¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡changes¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡

the¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡disintegrations¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡Meiji¡¨¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Hearn¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡lamenting¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡this¡¡¡¡process¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡

modernization¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡was¡¡¡¡¡¡destroying¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡some¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡good¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡things¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡traditional¡¡

Japanese¡¡culture¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡ANTS¡¡£¨1£©¡¡Cicadas¡£¡¡£§1£§¡¡An¡¡interesting¡¡fact¡¡in¡¡this¡¡connection¡¡is¡¡that¡¡the¡¡

Japanese¡¡word¡¡for¡¡ant£»¡¡ari£»¡¡is¡¡represented¡¡by¡¡an¡¡ideograph¡¡formed¡¡of¡¡the¡¡

character¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡for¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¨insect¡¨¡¡¡¡¡¡combined¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡with¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡character¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡signifying¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¨moral¡¡



¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡114¡¡


¡­¡¡Page¡¡115¡­

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡KWAIDAN£º¡¡Stories¡¡and¡¡Studies¡¡of¡¡Strange¡¡Things¡¡



rectitude£»¡¨¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¨propriety¡¨¡¡¡¡£¨giri£©¡£¡¡¡¡So¡¡

·µ»ØĿ¼ ÉÏÒ»Ò³ ÏÂÒ»Ò³ »Øµ½¶¥²¿ ÔÞ£¨0£© ²È£¨0£©

Äã¿ÉÄÜϲ»¶µÄ