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n　fell　their　God；　and　divers　lay　sprawling　on　the　ground；　the　rest　fled　againe　to　the　woods；　and　ere　long　sent　men　of　their　Quiyoughkasoucks　＇conjurors＇　to　offer　peace　and　redeeme　the　Okee。〃　　Good　feeling　was　restored；　and　the　savages　brought　the　English　〃venison；　turkies；　wild　fowl；　bread　all　that　they　had；　singing　and　dancing　in　sign　of　friendship　till　they　departed。〃　　This　fantastical　account　is　much　more　readable　than　the　former　bare　narration。

The　supplies　which　Smith　brought　gave　great　comfort　to　the　despairing　colony；　which　was　by　this　time　reasonably　fitted　with　houses。　　But　it　was　not　long　before　they　again　ran　short　of　food。　　In　his　first　narrative　Smith　says　there　were　some　motions　made　for　the　President　and　Captain　Arthur　to　go　over　to　England　and　procure　a　supply；　but　it　was　with　much　ado　concluded　that　the　pinnace　and　the　barge　should　go　up　the　river　to　Powhatan　to　trade　for　corn；　and　the　lot　fell　to　Smith　to　command　the　expedition。　　In　his　〃General　Historie〃　a　little　different　complexion　is　put　upon　this。　　On　his　return；　Smith　says；　he　suppressed　an　attempt　to　run　away　with　the　pinnace　to　England。　　He　represents　that　what　food　〃he　carefully　provided　the　rest　carelessly　spent；〃　and　there　is　probably　much　truth　in　his　charges　that　the　settlers　were　idle　and　improvident。　　He　says　also　that　they　were　in　continual　broils　at　this　time。　　It　is　in　the　fall　of　1607；　just　before　his　famous　voyage　up　the　Chickahominy；　on　which　he　departed　December　10ththat　he　writes：　〃The　President　and　Captain　Arthur　intended　not　long　after　to　have　abandoned　the　country；　which　project　was　curbed　and　suppressed　by　Smith。　　The　Spaniard　never　more　greedily　desired　gold　than　he　victual；　nor　his　soldiers　more　to　abandon　the　country　than　he　to　keep　it。　　But　finding　plenty　of　corn　in　the　river　of　Chickahomania；　where　hundreds　of　salvages　in　divers　places　stood　with　baskets　expecting　his　coming；　and　now　the　winter　approaching；　the　rivers　became　covered　with　swans；　geese；　ducks；　and　cranes；　that　we　daily　feasted　with　good　bread；　Virginia　peas；　pumpions；　and　putchamins；　fish；　fowls；　and　divers　sorts　of　wild　beasts　as　fat　as　we　could　eat　them；　so　that　none　of　our　Tuftaffaty　humorists　desired　to　go　to　England。〃

While　the　Chickahominy　expedition　was　preparing；　Smith　made　a　voyage　to　Popohanock　or　Quiyoughcohanock；　as　it　is　called　on　his　map；　a　town　on　the　south　side　of　the　river；　above　Jamestown。　　Here　the　women　and　children　fled　from　their　homes　and　the　natives　refused　to　trade。　They　had　plenty　of　corn；　but　Smith　says　he　had　no　commission　to　spoil　them。　　On　his　return　he　called　at　Paspahegh；　a　town　on　the　north　side　of　the　James；　and　on　the　map　placed　higher　than　Popohanock；　but　evidently　nearer　to　Jamestown；　as　he　visited　it　on　his　return。　　He　obtained　ten　bushels　of　corn　of　the　churlish　and　treacherous　natives；　who　closely　watched　and　dogged　the　expedition。

Everything　was　now　ready　for　the　journey　to　Powhatan。　　Smith　had　the　barge　and　eight　men　for　trading　and　discovery；　and　the　pinnace　was　to　follow　to　take　the　supplies　at　convenient　landings。　　On　the　9th　of　November　he　set　out　in　the　barge　to　explore　the　Chickahominy；　which　is　described　as　emptying　into　the　James　at　Paspahegh；　eight　miles　above　the　fort。　　The　pinnace　was　to　ascend　the　river　twenty　miles　to　Point　Weanock；　and　to　await　Smith　there。　　All　the　month　of　November　Smith　toiled　up　and　down　the　Chickahominy；　discovering　and　visiting　many　villages；　finding　the　natives　kindly　disposed　and　eager　to　trade；　and　possessing　abundance　of　corn。　　Notwithstanding　this　abundance；　many　were　still　mutinous。　　At　this　time　occurred　the　President's　quarrel　with　the　blacksmith；　who；　for　assaulting　the　President；　was　condemned　to　death；　and　released　on　disclosing　a　conspiracy　of　which　Captain　Kendall　was　principal；　and　the　latter　was　executed　in　his　place。　　Smith　returned　from　a　third　voyage　to　the　Chickahominy　with　more　supplies；　only　to　find　the　matter　of　sending　the　pinnace　to　England　still　debated。

This　project；　by　the　help　of　Captain　Martin；　he　again　quieted　and　at　last　set　forward　on　his　famous　voyage　into　the　country　of　Powhatan　and　Pocahontas。




VIII

THE　FAMOUS　CHICKAHOMINY　VOYAGE

We　now　enter　upon　the　most　interesting　episode　in　the　life　of　the　gallant　captain；　more　thrilling　and　not　less　romantic　than　the　captivity　in　Turkey　and　the　tale　of　the　faithful　love　of　the　fair　young　mistress　Charatza　Tragabigzanda。

Although　the　conduct　of　the　lovely　Charatza　in　despatching　Smith　to　her　cruel　brother　in　Nalbrits；　where　he　led　the　life　of　a　dog；　was　never　explained；　he　never　lost　faith　in　her。　　His　loyalty　to　women　was　equal　to　his　admiration　of　them；　and　it　was　bestowed　without　regard　to　race　or　complexion。　　Nor　is　there　any　evidence　that　the　dusky　Pocahontas；　who　is　about　to　appear；　displaced　in　his　heart　the　image　of　the　too　partial　Tragabigzanda。　　In　regard　to　women；　as　to　his　own　exploits；　seen　in　the　light　of　memory；　Smith　possessed　a　creative　imagination。　　He　did　not　create　Pocahontas；　as　perhaps　he　may　have　created　the　beautiful　mistress　of　Bashaw　Bogall；　but　he　invested　her　with　a　romantic　interest　which　forms　a　lovely　halo　about　his　own　memory。

As　this　voyage　up　the　Chickahominy　is　more　fruitful　in　its　consequences　than　Jason's　voyage　to　Colchis；　as　it　exhibits　the　energy；　daring；　invention；　and　various　accomplishments　of　Captain　Smith；　as　warrior；　negotiator；　poet；　and　narrator；　as　it　describes　Smith's　first　and　only　captivity　among　the　Indians；　and　as　it　was　during　this　absence　of　four　weeks　from　Jamestown；　if　ever；　that　Pocahontas　interposed　to　prevent　the　beating　out　of　Smith's　brains　with　a　club；　I　shall　insert　the　account　of　it　in　full；　both　Smith's　own　varying　relations　of　it；　and　such　contemporary　notices　of　it　as　now　come　to　light。　　It　is　necessary　here　to　present　several　accounts；　just　as　they　stand；　and　in　the　order　in　which　they　were　written；　that　the　reader　may　see　for　himself　how　the　story　of　Pocahontas　grew　to　its　final　proportions。　　The　real　life　of　Pocahontas　will　form　the　subject　of　another　chapter。

The　first　of　these　accounts　is　taken　from　〃The　True　Relation；〃　written　by　Captain　John　Smith；　composed　in　Virginia；　the　earliest　published　work　relating　to　the　James　River　Colony。　　It　covers　a　period　of　a　little　more　than　thirteen　months；　from　the　arrival　at　Cape　Henry　on　April　26；　1607；　to　the　return　of　Captain　Nelson　in　the　Phoenix；　June　2；　1608。　　The　manuscript　was　probably　taken　home　by　Captain　Nelson；　and　it　was　published　in　London　in　1608。　　Whether　it　was　intended　for　publication　is　doubtful；　but　at　that　time　all　news　of　the　venture　in　Virginia　was　eagerly　sought；　and　a　narrative　of　this　importance　would　naturally　speedily　get　into　print。

In　the　several　copies　of　it　extant　there　are　variations　in　the　title…　page；　which　was　changed　while　the　edition　was　being　printed。　　In　some　the　name　of　Thomas　Watson　is　given　as　the　author；　in　others　〃A　Gentleman　of　the　Colony；〃　and　an　apology　appears　signed　〃　T。　H。；〃　for　the　want　of　knowledge　or　inadvertence　of　attributing　it　to　any　one　except　Captain　Smith。

There　is　no　doubt　that　Smith　was　its　author。　　He　was　still　in　Virginia　when　it　was　printed；　and　the　printers　made　sad　work　of　parts　of　his　manuscript。　　The　question　has　been　raised；　in　view　of　the　entire　omission　of　the　name　of　Pocahontas　in　connection　with　this　voyage　and　captivity；　whether　the　manuscript　was　not　cut　by　those　who　published　it。　　The　reason　given　for　excision　is　that　the　promoters　of　the　Virginia　scheme　were　anxious　that　nothing　should　appear　to　discourage　capitalists；　or　to　deter　emigrants；　and　that　this　story　of　the　hostility　and　cruelty　of　Powhatan；　only　averted　by　the　tender　mercy　of　his　daughter；　would　have　an　unfortunate　effect。　　The　answer　to　this　is　that　the　hostility　was　exhibited　by　the　captivity　and　the　intimation　that　Smith　was　being　fatted　to　be　eaten；　and　this　was　permitted　to　stand。　　It　is　wholly　improbable　that　an　incident　so　romantic；　so　appealing　to　the　imagination；　in　an　age　when　wonder…　tales　were　eagerly　welcomed；　and　which　exhibited　such　tender　pity　in　the　breast　of　a　savage　maiden；　and　such　paternal　clemency　in　a　savage　chief；　would　have　been　omitted。　　It　was　calculated　to　lend　a　lively　interest　to　the　narration；　and　would　be　invaluable　as　an　advertisement　of　the　adventure。


＇For　a　full　bibliographical　discussion　of　this　point　the　reader　is　referred　to　the　reprint　of　〃The　True　Relation；〃　by　Charles　Deane；　Esq。；　Boston；　1864；　the　preface　and　notes　to　which　are　a　masterpiece　of　critical　analysis。＇


That　some　portions　of　〃The　True　Relation　〃　were　omitted　is　possible。　There　is　internal　evidence　of　this　in　the　abrupt　manner　in　which　it　opens；　and　in　the　absence　of　allusions　to　the　discords　during　the　voyage　and　on　the　arrival。　　Captain　Smith　was　not　the　man　to　pass　over　such　questions　in　silence；　as　his　subsequent　caustic　letter　sent　home　to　the　Governor　and　Council　of　Virginia　shows。　　And　it　is　probable　enough　that　the　London　promoters　would　cut　out　from　the　〃Relation〃　complaints　and　evidence　of　the　seditions　and　helpless　state　of　the　colony。　　The　narration　of　the　captivity　is　consistent　as　it　stands；　and　wholly　inconsistent　with　the　Pocahontas　episode。

We　extract　from　the　narrative　after　Smith's　departure　from　Apocant；　the　highest　town　inhabited；　between　thirty　and　forty　miles　up　the　river；　and　below　Orapaks；　one　of　Powhatan's　seats；　which　also　appears　on　his　map。　　He　writes：

〃Ten　miles　higher　I　discovered　with　the　barge；　in　the　midway　a　great　tree　hindered　my　passage；　which　I　cut　in　two：　heere　the　river　became　narrower；　8；　9　or　10　foote　at　a　high　water；　and　6　or　7　at　a　lowe：　the　stream　exceeding　swift；　and　the　bottom　hard　channell；　the　ground　most　part　a　low　plaine；　sandy　soyle；　this　occasioned　me　to　suppose　it　might　issue　from　some　lake　or　some　broad　ford；　for　it　could　not　be　far　to　the　head；　but　rather　then　I　would　endanger　the　barge；　yet　to　have　beene　able　to　resolve　this　doubt；　and　to　discharge　the　imputating　malicious　tungs；　that　halfe　suspected　I　durst　not　for　so　long　delaying；　some　of　the　company；　as　desirous　as　myself；　we　resolved　to　hier　a　canow；　and　returne　with　the　barge　to　Apocant；　there　to　leave　the　barge　secure；　and　put　ourselves　upon　the　adventure：　the　country　onely　a　vast　and　wilde　wilderness；　and　but