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oak。  We fell into conversation; Peter was at first melancholy; but 

he soon became more cheerful; fluent; and entertaining。  I spoke 

but little; but I observed that sometimes what I said surprised the 

good Methodist。  We had been silent some time。  At length; lifting 

up my eyes to the broad and leafy canopy of the trees; I said; 

having nothing better to remark; 'What a noble tree!  I wonder if 

the fairies ever dance beneath it。'



'Fairies!' said Peter; 'fairies! how came you; young man; to know 

anything about the fair family?'



'I am an Englishman;' said I; 'and of course know something about 

fairies; England was once a famous place for them。'



'Was once; I grant you;' said Peter; 'but is so no longer。  I have 

travelled for years about England; and never heard them mentioned 

before; the belief in them has died away; and even their name seems 

to be forgotten。  If you had said you were a Welshman; I should not 

have been surprised。  The Welsh have much to say of the Tylwyth 

Teg; or fair family; and many believe in them。'



'And do you believe in them?' said I。



'I scarcely know what to say。  Wise and good men have been of 

opinion that they are nothing but devils; who; under the form of 

pretty and amiable spirits; would fain allure poor human beings; I 

see nothing irrational in the supposition。'



'Do you believe in devils; then?'



'Do I believe in devils; young man?' said Peter; and his frame was 

shaken as if by convulsions。  'If I do not believe in devils; why 

am I here at the present moment?'



'You know best;' said I; 'but I don't believe that fairies are 

devils; and I don't wish to hear them insulted。  What learned men 

have said they are devils?'



'Many have said it; young man; and; amongst others; Master Ellis 

Wyn; in that wonderful book of his; the BARDD CWSG。'



'The BARDD CWSG;' said I; 'what kind of book is that?  I have never 

heard of that book before。'



'Heard of it before; I suppose not; how should you have heard of it 

before?  By the bye; can you read?'



'Very tolerably;' said I; 'so there are fairies in this book。  What 

do you call it … the BARDD CWSG?'



'Yes; the BARDD CWSG。  You pronounce Welsh very fairly; have you 

ever been in Wales?'



'Never;' said I。



'Not been in Wales; then; of course; you don't understand Welsh; 

but we were talking of the BARDD CWSG … yes; there are fairies in 

the BARDD CWSG; … the author of it; Master Ellis Wyn; was carried 

away in his sleep by them over mountains and valleys; rivers and 

great waters; incurring mighty perils at their hands; till he was 

rescued from them by an angel of the Most High; who subsequently 

showed him many wonderful things。'



'I beg your pardon;' said I; 'but what were those wonderful 

things?'



'I see; young man;' said Peter; smiling; 'that you are not without 

curiosity; but I can easily pardon any one for being curious about 

the wonders contained in the book of Master Ellis Wyn。  The angel 

showed him the course of this world; its pomps and vanities; its 

cruelty and its pride; its crimes and deceits。  On another 

occasion; the angel showed him Death in his nether palace; 

surrounded by his grisly ministers; and by those who are 

continually falling victims to his power。  And; on a third 

occasion; the state of the condemned in their place of everlasting 

torment。'



'But this was all in his sleep;' said I; 'was it not?'



'Yes;' said Peter; 'in his sleep; and on that account the book is 

called GWELEDIGAETHAU Y BARDD CWSG; or; VISIONS OF THE SLEEPING 

BARD。'



'I do not care for wonders which occur in sleep;' said I。  'I 

prefer real ones; and perhaps; notwithstanding what he says; the 

man had no visions at all … they are probably of his own 

invention。'



'They are substantially true; young man;' said Peter; 'like the 

dreams of Bunyan; they are founded on three tremendous facts; Sin; 

Death; and Hell; and like his they have done incalculable good; at 

least in my own country; in the language of which they are written。  

Many a guilty conscience has the BARDD CWSG aroused with its 

dreadful sights; its strong sighs; its puffs of smoke from the pit; 

and its showers of sparks from the mouth of the yet lower gulf of … 

Unknown … were it not for the BARDD CWSG perhaps I might not be 

here。'



'I would sooner hear your own tale;' said I; 'than all the visions 

of the BARDD CWSG。'



Peter shook; bent his form nearly double; and covered his face with 

his hands。  I sat still and motionless; with my eyes fixed upon 

him。  Presently Winifred descended the hill; and joined us。  'What 

is the matter?' said she; looking at her husband; who still 

remained in the posture I have described。  He made no answer; 

whereupon; laying her hand gently on his shoulder; she said; in the 

peculiar soft and tender tone which I had heard her use on a former 

occasion; 'Take comfort; Peter; what has happened now to afflict 

thee?'  Peter removed his hand from his face。  'The old pain; the 

old pain;' said he; 'I was talking with this young man; and he 

would fain know what brought me here; he would fain hear my tale; 

Winifred … my sin:  O pechod Ysprydd Glan!  O pechod Ysprydd Glan!' 

and the poor man fell into a more fearful agony than before。  Tears 

trickled down Winifred's face; I saw them trickling by the 

moonlight; as she gazed upon the writhing form of her afflicted 

husband。  I arose from my seat。  'I am the cause of all this;' said 

I; 'by my folly and imprudence; and it is thus I have returned your 

kindness and hospitality; I will depart from you and wander my 

way。'  I was retiring; but Peter sprang up and detained me。  'Go 

not;' said he; 'you were not in fault; if there be any fault in the 

case it was mine; if I suffer; I am but paying the penalty of my 

own iniquity'; he then paused; and appeared to be considering:  at 

length he said; 'Many things which thou hast seen and heard 

connected with me require explanation; thou wishest to know my 

tale; I will tell it thee; but not now; not to…night; I am too much 

shaken。'



Two evenings later; when we were again seated beneath the oak; 

Peter took the hand of his wife in his own; and then; in tones 

broken and almost inarticulate; commenced telling me his tale … the 

tale of the Pechod Ysprydd Glan。







CHAPTER LXXV







Taking a cup … Getting to heaven … After breakfast …  Wooden 

gallery … Mechanical habit … Reserved and gloomy … Last words … A 

long time … From the clouds … Ray of hope … Momentary chill … 

Pleasing anticipation。



'I WAS born in the heart of North Wales; the son of a respectable 

farmer; and am the youngest of seven brothers。



'My father was a member of the Church of England; and was what is 

generally called a serious man。  He went to church regularly; and 

read the Bible every Sunday evening; in his moments of leisure he 

was fond of holding religious discourse both with his family and 

his neighbours。



'One autumn afternoon; on a week day; my father sat with one of his 

neighbours taking a cup of ale by the oak table in our stone 

kitchen。  I sat near them; and listened to their discourse。  I was 

at that time seven years of age。  They were talking of religious 

matters。  〃It is a hard matter to get to heaven;〃 said my father。  

〃Exceedingly so;〃 said the other。  〃However; I don't despond; none 

need despair of getting to heaven; save those who have committed 

the sin against the Holy Ghost。〃



'〃Ah!〃 said my father; 〃thank God I never committed that … how 

awful must be the state of a person who has committed the sin 

against the Holy Ghost。  I can scarcely think of it without my hair 

standing on end〃; and then my father and his friend began talking 

of the nature of the sin against the Holy Ghost; and I heard them 

say what it was; as I sat with greedy ears listening to their 

discourse。



'I lay awake the greater part of the night musing upon what I had 

heard。  I kept wondering to myself what must be the state of a 

person who had committed the sin against the Holy Ghost; and how he 

must feel。  Once or twice I felt a strong inclination to commit it; 

a strange kind of fear; however; prevented me; at last I determined 

not to commit it; and; having said my prayers; I fell asleep。



'When I awoke in the morning the first thing I thought of was the 

mysterious sin; and a voice within me seemed to say; 〃Commit it〃; 

and I felt a strong temptation to do so; even stronger than in the 

night。  I was just about to yield; when the same dread; of which I 

have already spoken; came over me; and; springing out of bed; I 

went down on my knees。  I slept in a small room alone; to which I 

ascended by a wooden stair; open to the sky。  I have often thought 

since that it is not a good thing for children to sleep alone。



'After breakfast I went to school; and endeavoured to employ myself 

upon my tasks; but all in vain; I could think of nothing but the 

sin against the Holy Ghost; my eyes; instead of being fixed upon my 

book; wandered in vacancy。  My master observed my inattention; and 

chid me。  The time came for saying my task; and I had not acquired 

it。  My master reproached me; and; yet more; he beat me; I felt 

shame and anger; and I went home with a full determination to 

commit the sin against the Holy Ghost。



'But when I got home my father ordered me to do something connected 

with the farm; so that I was compelled to exert myself; I was 

occupied till night; and was so busy that I almost forgot the sin 

and my late resolution。  My work completed; I took my supper; and 

went to my room; I began my prayers; and; when they were ended; I 

thought of the sin; but the temptation was slight; I felt very 

tired; and was presently asleep。



'Thus; you see; I had plenty of time allotted me by a gracious and 


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