anomalies and curiosities of medicine-第126部分

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posed　that　conditions　in　which　the　periosteum　is　exposed　are　favorable　to　the　progress　of　the　disease；　and；　according　to　Hirt；　workmen　with　diseased　teeth　are　affected　three　times　as　readily　as　those　with　healthy　teeth；　and　are　therefore　carefully　excluded　from　some　of　the　factories　in　America。

Prentiss　of　Washington；　D。C。；　in　1881　reported　a　remarkable　case　of　pilocarpin　idiosyncrasy　in　a　blonde　of　twenty…five。　He　was　consulted　by　the　patient　for　constipation。　Later　on　symptoms　of　cystitis　developed；　and　an　ultimate　diagnosis　of　pyelitis　of　the　right　kidney　was　made。　Uremic　symptoms　were　avoided　by　the　constant　use　of　pilocarpin。　Between　December　16；　1880；　and　February　22；　1881；　the　patient　had　22　sweats　from　pilocarpin。　The　action　usually　lasted　from　two　to　six　hours；　and　quite　a　large　dose　was　at　length　necessary。　The　idiosyncrasy　noted　was　found　in　the　hair；　which　at　first　was　quite　light；　afterward　chestnut…brown；　and　May　1；　1881；　almost　pure　black。　The　growth　of　the　hair　became　more　vigorous　and　thicker　than　formerly；　and　as　its　color　darkened　it　became　coarser　in　proportion。　In　March；　1889；　Prentiss　saw　his　patient；　and　at　that　time　her　hair　was　dark　brown；　having　returned　to　that　color　from　black。　Prentiss　also　reported　the　following　case　a　as　adding　another　to　the　evidence　that　jaborandi　will　produce　the　effect　mentioned　under　favorable　circumstances：　Mrs。　L。；　aged　seventy…two　years；　was　suffering　from　Bright's　disease　（contracted　kidney）。　Her　hair　and　eyebrows　had　been　snow…white　for　twenty　years。　She　suffered　greatly　from　itching　of　the　skin；　due　to　the　uremia　of　the　kidney…disease；　the　skin　was　harsh　and　dry。　For　this　symptom　fluid　extract　of　jaborandi　was　prescribed　with　the　effect　of　relieving　the　itching。　It　was　taken　in　doses　of　20　or　30　drops　several　times　a　day；　from　October；　1886；　to　February；　1888。　During　the　fall　of　1887　it　was　noticed　by　the　nurse　that　the　eyebrows　were　growing　darker；　and　that　the　hair　of　the　head　was　darker　in　patches。　These　patches　and　the　eyebrows　continued　to　become　darker；　until　at　the　time　of　her　death　they　were　quite　black；　the　black　tufts　on　the　head　presenting　a　very　curious　appearance　among　the　silver…white　hairs　surrounding　them。

Quinin　being　such　a　universally　used　drug；　numerous　instances　of　idiosyncrasy　and　intolerance　have　been　recorded。　Chevalier　mentions　that　through　contact　of　the　drug　workmen　in　the　manufacture　of　quinin　are　liable　to　an　affection　of　the　skin　which　manifests　itself　in　a　vesicular；　papular；　or　pustular　eruption　on　different　parts　of　the　body。　Vepan　mentions　a　lady　who　took　1　1/2　grains　and　afterward　2　1/2　grains　of　quinin　for　neuralgia；　and　two　days　afterward　her　body　was　covered　with　purpuric　spots；　which　disappeared　in　the　course　of　nine　days　but　reappeared　after　the　administration　of　the　drug　was　resumed。　Lewin　says　that　in　this　case　the　severity　of　the　eruption　was　in　accordance　with　the　size　of　the　dose；　and　during　its　existence　there　was　bleeding　at　the　gums；　he　adds　that　Gouchet　also　noticed　an　eruption　of　this　kind　in　a　lady　who　after　taking　quinin　expectorated　blood。　The　petechiae　were　profusely　spread　over　the　entire　body；　and　they　disappeared　after　the　suspension　of　the　drug。　Dauboeuf；　Garraway；　Hemming；　Skinner；　and　Cobner　mention　roseola　and　scarlatiniform　erythema　after　minute　doses　of　quinin。　In　nearly　all　these　cases　the　accompanying　symptoms　were　different。　Heusinger　speaks　of　a　lady　who；　after　taking　1/2　grain　of　quinin；　experienced　headache；　nausea；　intense　burning；　and　edema；　together　with　nodular　erythema　on　the　eyelids；　cheeks；　and　portion　of　the　forehead。　At　another　time　1　1/2　grains　of　the　drug　gave　rise　to　herpetic　vesicles　on　the　cheeks；　followed　by　branny　desquamation　on　elimination　of　the　drug。　In　other　patients　intense　itching　is　experienced　after　the　ingestion　of　quinin。　Peters　cites　an　instance　of　a　woman　of　sixty…five　who；　after　taking　one　grain　of　quinin；　invariably　exhibited　after　an　hour　a　temperature　of　from　104　degrees　to　105　degrees　F。；　accelerated　pulse；　rigors；　slight　delirium；　thirst；　and　all　the　appearances　of　ill…defined　fever；　which　would　pass　off　in　from　twelve　to　twenty…four　hours。　Peters　witnessed　this　idiosyncrasy　several　times　and　believed　it　to　be　permanent。　The　most　unpleasant　of　the　untoward　symptoms　of　quinin　exhibition　are　the　disturbances　of　the　organs　of　special　sense。　Photophobia；　and　even　transient　amblyopia；　have　been　observed　to　follow　small　doses。　In　the　examination　of　cases　of　the　untoward　effects　of　quinin　upon　the　eye；　Knapp　of　New　York　found　the　power　of　sight　diminished　in　various　degrees；　and　rarely　amaurosis　and　immobility　of　the　pupils。　According　to　Lewin；　the　perceptions　of　color　and　light　are　always　diminished；　and　although　the　disorder　may　last　for　some　time　the　prognosis　is　favorable。　The　varieties　of　the　disturbances　of　the　functions　of　the　ear　range　from　tinnitus　aurium　to　congestion　causing　complete　deafness。　The　gastro…intestinal　and　genito…urinary　tracts　are　especially　disposed　to　untoward　action　by　quinin。　There　is　a　case　recorded　in　which；　after　the　slightest　dose　of　quinin；　tingling　and　burning　at　the　meatus　urinarius　were　experienced。　According　to　Lewin；　there　is　mentioned　in　the　case　reported　by　Gauchet　a　symptom　quite　unique　in　the　literature　of　quinin；　viz。；　hemoptysis。　Simon　de　Ronchard　first　noted　the　occurrence　of　several　cases　of　hemoptysis　following　the　administration　of　doses　of　eight　grains　daily。　In　the　persons　thus　attacked　the　lungs　and　heart　were　healthy。　Hemoptysis　promptly　ceased　with　the　suspension　of　the　drug。　When　it　was　renewed；　blood　again　appeared　in　the　sputa。　Taussig　mentions　a　curious　mistake；　in　which　an　ounce　of　quinin　sulphate　was　administered　to　a　patient　at　one　dose；　the　only　symptoms　noticed　were　a　stuporous　condition　and　complete　deafness。　No　antidote　was　given；　and　the　patient　perfectly　recovered　in　a　week。　In　malarious　countries；　and　particularly　in　the　malarial　fevers　of　the　late　war；　enormous　quantities　of　quinin　were　frequently　given。　In　fact；　at　the　present　day　in　some　parts　of　the　South　quinin　is　constantly　kept　on　the　table　as　a　prophylactic　constituent　of　the　diet。

Skinner　noticed　the　occurrence　of　a　scarlatiniform　eruption　in　a　woman　after　the　dose　of　1/165　grain　of　strychnin；　which；　however；　disappeared　with　the　discontinuance　of　the　drug。　There　was　a　man　in　London　in　1865　who　died　in　twenty　minute's　after　the　ingestion　of　1/2　grain　of　strychnin。　Wood　speaks　of　a　case　in　which　the　administration　of　1/100　grain　killed　a　child　three　and　one…half　months　old。　Gray　speaks　of　a　man　who　took　22　grains　and　was　not　seen　for　about　an　hour。　He　had　vomited　some　of　it　immediately　after　taking　the　dose；　and　was　successfully　treated　with　chloral　hydrate。　A　curious　case　is　mentioned　in　which　three　mustard　plasters；　one　on　the　throat；　one　on　the　back　of　the　neck；　and　another　on　the　left　shoulder　of　a　woman；　produced　symptoms　similar　to　strychnin　poisoning。　They　remained　in　position　for　about　thirty　minutes；　and　about　thirty　hours　afterward　a　painful　stinging　sensation　commenced　in　the　back　of　the　neck；　followed　by　violent　twitching　of　the　muscles　of　the　face；　arms；　and　legs；　which　continued　in　regular　succession　through　the　whole　of　the　night；　but　after　twelve　hours　yielded　to　hot　fomentations　of　poppy…heads　applied　to　the　back　of　the　neck。　It　could　not　be　ascertained　whether　any　medicine　containing　strychnin　had　been　taken；　but　surely；　from　the　symptoms；　such　must　have　been　the　case。

Tobacco。O'Neill　a　gives　the　history　of　a　farmer's　wife；　aged　forty；　who　wounded　her　leg　against　a　sewing…machine；　and　by　lay　advice　applied　a　handful　of　chopped　wet　tobacco　to　it；　from　which　procedure；　strange　to　say；　serious　nicotin…poisoning　ensued。　The　pupils　were　dilated；　there　were　dimness　of　vision；　confusion　of　thought；　and　extreme　prostration。　The　pulse　was　scarcely　apparent；　the　skin　was　white　and　wet　with　clammy　perspiration。　Happily；　strychnin　was　given　in　time　to　effect　recovery；　and　without　early　medical　assistance　she　would　undoubtedly　have　succumbed。　There　are　several　similar　cases　on　record。

Although　not　immediately　related　to　the　subject　of　idiosyncrasy；　the　following　case　may　be　mentioned　here：　Ramadge　speaks　of　a　young　Frenchman；　suffering　from　an　obstinate　case　of　gonorrhea；　who　was　said　to　have　been　completely　cured　by　living　in　a　newly　painted　house　in　which　he　inhaled　the　odors　or　vapors　of　turpentine。

White　speaks　of　a　case　of　exanthematous　eruption　similar　to　that　of　ivy…poison　in　mother　and　child；　which　was　apparently　caused　by　playing　with　and　burning　the　toy　called　〃Pharaoh's　serpent　egg。〃

The　idiosyncrasies　noticed　in　some　persons　during　coitus　are　quite　interesting。　The　Ephemerides　mentions　a　person　in　whom　coitus　habitually　caused　vomiting；　and　another　in　whom　excessive　sexual　indulgence　provoked　singultus。　Sometimes　exaggerated　tremors　or　convulsions；　particularly　at　the　moment　of　orgasm；　are　noticed。　Females　especially　are　subject　to　this　phenomenon；　and　it　is　seen　sometimes　in　birds。

Winn　reports　the　case　of　a　man　who；　when　prompted　to　indulge　in　sexual　intercourse；　was　immediately　prior　to　the　act　seized　with　a　fit　of　sneezing。　Even　the　thought　of　sexual　pleasure　with　a　female　was　sufficient　to　provoke　this　peculiar　idiosyncrasy。

Sullivan　mentions　a　bride　of　four　weeks；　who　called　at　the　doctor's　office；　saying　that　in　coitus　her　partner　had　no　difficulty　until　the　point　of　culmination　or　orgasm；　when　he　was　seized　with　complete　numbness　and　lost　all　pleasurable　sensation　in　the　penis。　The　numbness　was　followed　by　a　sensation　of　pain；　which　was　intensified　on　the　slightest　motion；　and　which　was　at　times　so　excruciating　as　to　forbid　separation　for　upward　of　an　hour；　or　until　the　penis　had　become　flaccid。　The　woman　asked　for　advice　for　her　unfortunate　husband's　relief；　and　the　case　was　reported　as　a　means　of　obtaining　suggestions　from　the　physicians　over　the　country。　In　response；　one　theory　was　advanced　that　this　man　had　been　in　the　habit　of　masturbating　and　had　a　stricture　of　the　membranous　portion　of　the　urethra；　associated　with　an　ulcer　of　the　prostate　involving　the　ejaculatory　ducts；　or　an　inflammatory　condition　of　all　the　tissues　compressed　by　the　ejaculatory　muscles。

Hendrichsen　quotes　a　case　in　which　a　spasmodic　c