anomalies and curiosities of medicine-第2部分

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ently　credible　cases；　reported　by　reputable　medical　men；　than　to　cite　author　and　source　and　leave　the　matter　there；　where　our　responsibility　must　end。

But　where　our　proper　responsibility　seemed　likely　never　to　end　was　in　carrying　out　the　enormous　labor　requisite　for　a　reasonable　certainty　that　we　had　omitted　no　searching　that　might　lead　to　undiscovered　facts；　ancient　or　modern。　Choice　in　selection　is　always；　of　course；　an　affair　de　gustibus；　and　especially　when；　like　the　present；　there　is　considerable　embarrassment　of　riches；　coupled　with　the　purpose　of　compressing　our　results　in　one　handy　volume。　In　brief；　it　may　be　said　that　several　years　of　exhaustive　research　have　been　spent　by　us　in　the　great　medical　libraries　of　the　United　States　and　Europe　in　collecting　the　material　herewith　presented。　If；　despite　of　this；　omissions　and　errors　are　to　be　found；　we　shall　be　grateful　to　have　them　pointed　out。　It　must　be　remembered　that　limits　of　space　have　forbidden　satisfactory　discussion　of　the　cases；　and　the　prime　object　of　the　whole　work　has　been　to　carefully　collect　and　group　the　anomalies　and　curiosities；　and　allow　the　reader　to　form　his　own　conclusions　and　make　his　own　deductions。

As　the　entire　labor　in　the　preparation　of　the　forelying　volume；　from　the　inception　of　the　idea　to　the　completion　of　the　index；　has　been　exclusively　the　personal　work　of　the　authors；　it　is　with　full　confidence　of　the　authenticity　of　the　reports　quoted　that　the　material　is　presented。

Complete　references　are　given　to　those　facts　that　are　comparatively　unknown　or　unique；　or　that　are　worthy　of　particular　interest　or　further　investigation。　To　prevent　unnecessary　loading　of　the　book　with　foot…notes；　in　those　instances　in　which　there　are　a　number　of　cases　of　the　same　nature；　and　a　description　has　not　been　thought　necessary；　mere　citation　being　sufficient；　references　are　but　briefly　given　or　omitted　altogether。　For　the　same　reason　a　bibliographic　index　has　been　added　at　the　end　of　the　text。　This　contains　the　most　important　sources　of　information　used；　and　each　journal　or　book　therein　has　its　own　number；　which　is　used　in　its　stead　all　through　the　book　（thus；　476　signifies　The　Lancet；　London；　597；　the　New　York　Medical　Journal；　etc。）。　These　bibliographic　numbers　begin　at　100。

Notwithstanding　that　every　effort　has　been　made　to　conveniently　and　satisfactorily　group　the　thousands　of　cases　contained　in　the　book　（a　labor　of　no　small　proportions　in　itself）；　a　complete　general　index　is　a　practical　necessity　for　the　full　success　of　what　is　essentially　a　reference…volume；　and　consequently　one　has　been　added；　in　which　may　be　found　not　only　the　subjects　under　consideration　and　numerous　cross…references；　but　also　the　names　of　the　authors　of　the　most　important　reports。　A　table　of　contents　follows　this　preface。

We　assume　the　responsibility　for　innovations　in　orthography；　certain　abbreviations；　and　the　occasional　substitution　of　figures　for　large　numerals；　fractions；　and　decimals；　made　necessary　by　limited　space；　and　in　some　cases　to　more　lucidly　show　tables　and　statistics。　From　the　variety　of　the　reports；　uniformity　of　nomenclature　and　numeration　is　almost　impossible。

As　we　contemplate　constantly　increasing　our　data；　we　shall　be　glad　to　receive　information　of　any　unpublished　anomalous　or　curious　cases；　either　of　the　past　or　in　the　future。

For　many　courtesies　most　generously　extended　in　aiding　our　research…work　we　wish；　among　others；　to　acknowledge　our　especial　gratitude　and　indebtedness　to　the　officers　and　assistants　of　the　Surgeon…General's　Library　at　Washington；　D。C。；　the　Library　of　the　Royal　College　of　Surgeons　of　London；　the　Library　of　the　British　Museum；　the　Library　of　the　British　Medical　Association；　the　Bibliotheque　de　Faculte　de　Medecine　de　Paris；　the　Bibliotheque　Nationale；　and　the　Library　of　the　College　of　Physicians　of　Philadelphia。　　　　　　　　

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　GEORGE　M。　GOULD。　　　　　　　　　PHILADELPHIA；　October；　1896。　　　　　　WALTER　L。　PYLE。



TABLE　OF　CONTENTS。　　　　　　　　

CHAPTER　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　PAGES　　I。　GENETIC　ANOMALIES　。　。　。　。　。　。　。　。　。　。　。　。　。　。　。　。　。　。　。17…49

II。　PRENATAL　ANOMALIES　。　。　。　。　。　。　。　。　。　。　。　。　。　。　。　。　。　50…112

III。　OBSTETRIC　ANOMALIES　。　。　。　。　。　。　。　。　。　。　。　。　。　。　。　　113…143

IV。　PROLIFICITY　。　。　。　。　。　。　。　。　。　。　。　。　。　。　。　。　。　。　。　。　144…160

V。　MAJOR　TERATA　。　。　。　。　。　。　。　。　。　。　。　。　。　。　。　。　。　。　。　。　161…212

VI。　MINOR　TERATA　。　。　。　。　。　。　。　。　。　。　。　。　。　。　。　。　。　。　。　　213…323

VII。　ANOMALIES　OF　STATURE；　SIZE；　AND　DEVELOPMENT　。　。　。　　324…364　　

VIII。　LONGEVITY　。　。　。　。　。　。　。　。　。　。　。　。　。　。　。　。　。　。　。　。　365…382

IX。　PHYSIOLOGIC　AND　FUNCTIONAL　ANOMALIES　。　。　。　。　。　。　。　　383…526

X。　SURGICAL　ANOMALIES　OF　THE　HEAD　AND　NECK　。　。　。　。　。　。　　527…587

XI。　SURGICAL　ANOMALIES　OF　THE　EXTREMITIES　。　。　。　。　。　。　。　588…605

XII。　SURGICAL　ANOMALIES　OF　THE　THORAX　AND　ABDOMEN　。　。　。　606…666

XIII。　SURGICAL　ANOMALIES　OF　THE　GENITOURINARY　SYSTEM　。　。667…696　　

XIV。　MISCELLANEOUS　SURGICAL　ANOMALIES　。　。　。　。　。　。　。　。　。　697…758

XV。　ANOMALOUS　TYPES　AND　INSTANCES　OF　DISEASE　。　。　。　。　。　。759…822

XVI。　ANOMALOUS　SKIN…DISEASES　。　。　。　。　。　。　。　。　。　。　。　。　。　。823…851

XVII。　ANOMALOUS　NERVOUS　AND　MENTAL　DISEASES　。　。　。　。　。　。　852…890　　

XVIII。　HISTORIC　EPIDEMICS　。　。　。　。　。　。　。　。　。　。　。　。　。　。　。　891…914





ANOMALIES　AND　CURIOSITIES　OF　MEDICINE。

CHAPTER　I。

GENETIC　ANOMALIES。

Menstruation　has　always　been　of　interest；　not　only　to　the　student　of　medicine；　but　to　the　lay…observer　as　well。　In　olden　times　there　were　many　opinions　concerning　its　causation；　all　of　which；　until　the　era　of　physiologic　investigation；　were　of　superstitious　derivation。　Believing　menstruation　to　be　the　natural　means　of　exit　of　the　feminine　bodily　impurities；　the　ancients　always　thought　a　menstruating　woman　was　to　be　shunned；　her　very　presence　was　deleterious　to　the　whole　animal　economy；　as；　for　instance；　among　the　older　writers　we　find　that　Pliny　remarks：　〃On　the　approach　of　a　woman　in　this　state；　must　will　become　sour；　seeds　which　are　touched　by　her　become　sterile；　grass　withers　away；　garden　plants　are　parched　up；　and　the　fruit　will　fall　from　the　tree　beneath　which　she　sits。〃　He　also　says　that　the　menstruating　women　in　Cappadocia　were　perambulated　about　the　fields　to　preserve　the　vegetation　from　worms　and　caterpillars。　According　to　Flemming；　menstrual　blood　was　believed　to　be　so　powerful　that　the　mere　touch　of　a　menstruating　woman　would　render　vines　and　all　kinds　of　fruit…trees　sterile。　Among　the　indigenous　Australians；　menstrual　superstition　was　so　intense　that　one　of　the　native　blacks；　who　discovered　his　wife　lying　on　his　blanket　during　her　menstrual　period；　killed　her；　and　died　of　terror　himself　in　a　fortnight。　Hence；　Australian　women　during　this　season　are　forbidden　to　touch　anything　that　men　use。　Aristotle　said　that　the　very　look　of　a　menstruating　woman　would　take　the　polish　out　of　a　mirror；　and　the　next　person　looking　in　it　would　be　bewitched。　Frommann　mentions　a　man　who　said　he　saw　a　tree　in　Goa　which　withered　because　a　catamenial　napkin　was　hung　on　it。　Bourke　remarks　that　the　dread　felt　by　the　American　Indians　in　this　respect　corresponds　with　the　particulars　recited　by　Pliny。　Squaws　at　the　time　of　menstrual　purgation　are　obliged　to　seclude　themselves；　and　in　most　instances　to　occupy　isolated　lodges；　and　in　all　tribes　are　forbidden　to　prepare　food　for　anyone　save　themselves。　It　was　believed　that；　were　a　menstruating　woman　to　step　astride　a　rifle；　a　bow；　or　a　lance；　the　weapon　would　have　no　utility。　Medicine　men　are　in　the　habit　of　making　a　〃protective〃　clause　whenever　they　concoct　a　〃medicine；〃　which　is　to　the　effect　that　the　〃medicine〃　will　be　effective　provided　that　no　woman　in　this　condition　is　allowed　to　approach　the　tent　of　the　official　in　charge。

Empiricism　had　doubtless　taught　the　ancient　husbands　the　dangers　of　sexual　intercourse　during　this　period；　and　the　after…results　of　many　such　connections　were　looked　upon　as　manifestations　of　the　contagiousness　of　the　evil　excretions　issuing　at　this　period。　Hence　at　one　time　menstruation　was　held　in　much　awe　and　abhorrence。

On　the　other　hand；　in　some　of　the　eastern　countries　menstruation　was　regarded　as　sacred；　and　the　first　menstrual　discharge　was　considered　so　valuable　that　premenstrual　marriages　were　inaugurated　in　order　that　the　first　ovum　might　not　be　wasted；　but　fertilized；　because　it　was　supposed　to　be　the　purest　and　best　for　the　purpose。　Such　customs　are　extant　at　the　present　day　in　some　parts　of　India；　despite　the　efforts　of　the　British　Government　to　suppress　them；　and　descriptions　of　child…marriages　and　their　evil　results　have　often　been　given　by　missionaries。

As　the　advances　of　physiology　enlightened　the　mind　as　to　the　true　nature　of　the　menstrual　period；　and　the　age　of　superstition　gradually　disappeared；　the　intense　interest　in　menstruation　vanished；　and　now；　rather　than　being　held　in　fear　and　awe；　the　physicians　of　to…day　constantly　see　the　results　of　copulation　during　this　period。　The　uncontrollable　desire　of　the　husband　and　the　mercenary　aims　of　the　prostitute　furnish　examples　of　modern　disregard。

The　anomalies　of　menstruation　must　naturally　have　attracted　much　attention；　and　we　find　medical　literature　of　all　times　replete　with　examples。　While　some　are　simply　examples　of　vicarious　or　compensatory　menstruation；　and　were　so　explained　even　by　the　older　writers；　there　are　many　that　are　physiologic　curiosities　of　considerable　interest。　Lheritier　furnishes　the　oft…quoted　history　of　the　case　of　a　young　girl　who　suffered　from　suppression　of　menses；　which；　instead　of　flowing　through　the　natural　channels；　issued　periodically　from　vesicles　on　the　leg　for　a　period　of　six　months；　when　the　seat　of　the　discharge　changed　to　an　eruption　on　the　left　arm；　and　continued　in　this　location　for　one　year；　then　the　discharge　shifted　to　a　sore　on　the　thumb；　and　at　the　end　of　another　six　months　again　changed；　the　next　location　being　on　the　upper　eyelid；　here　it　continued　for　a　period　of　two　years。　Brierre　de　Boismont　and　Meisner　describe　a　case　apparently　identical　with　the　foregoing；　though　not　quoting　the　source。

Haller；　in　a　collection　of　physiologic　curiosities　covering　a　period　of　a　century　and　a　half；　cites　18　instances　of　menstruation　from　the　skin。　Parrot　has　also　mentioned　several