anomalies and curiosities of medicine-第44部分

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CLASS　V。While　instances　of　ischiopagi　are　quite　numerous；　few　have　attained　any　age；　and；　necessarily；　little　notoriety。　Pare　speaks　of　twins　united　at　the　pelves；　who　were　born　in　Paris　July　20；　1570。　They　were　baptized；　and　named　Louis　and　Louise。　Their　parents　were　well　known　in　the　rue　des　Gravelliers。　According　to　Bateman；　and　also　Rueff；　in　the　year　1552　there　were　born；　not　far　from　Oxford；　female　twins；　who；　from　the　description　given；　were　doubtless　of　the　ischiopagus　type。　They　seldom　wept；　and　one　was　of　a　cheerful　disposition；　while　the　other　was　heavy　and　drowsy；　sleeping　continually。　They　only　lived　a　short　time；　one　expiring　a　day　before　the　other。　Licetus　speaks　of　Mrs。　John　Waterman；　a　resident　of　Fishertown；　near　Salisbury；　England；　who　gave　birth　to　a　double　female　monster　on　October　26；　1664；　which　evidently　from　the　description　was　joined　by　the　ischii。　It　did　not　nurse；　but　took　food　by　both　the　mouths；　all　its　actions　were　done　in　concert；　it　was　possessed　of　one　set　of　genitourinary　organs；　it　only　lived　a　short　while。　Many　people　in　the　region　flocked　to　see　the　wonderful　child；　whom　Licetus　called　〃Monstrum　Anglicum。〃　It　is　said　that　at　the　same　accouchement　the　birth　of　this　monster　was　followed　by　the　birth　of　a　well…formed　female　child；　who　survived。　Geoffroy…Saint…Hilaire　quotes　a　description　of　twins　who　were　born　in　France　on　October　7；　1838；　symmetrically　formed　and　united　at　their　ischii。　One　was　christened　Marie…Louise；　and　the　other　Hortense…Honorine。　Their　avaricious　parents　took　the　children　to　Paris　for　exhibition；　the　exposures　of　which　soon　sacrificed　their　lives。　In　the　year　1841　there　was　born　in　the　island　of　Ceylon；　of　native　parents；　a　monstrous　child　that　was　soon　brought　to　Columbo；　where　it　lived　only　two　months。　It　had　two　heads　and　seemed　to　have　duplication　in　all　its　parts　except　the　anus　and　male　generative　organs。　Montgomery　speaks　of　a　double　child　born　in　County　Roscommon；　Ireland；　on　the　24th　of　July；　1827。　It　had　two　heads；　two　chests　with　arms　complete；　two　abdominal　and　pelvic　cavities　united　end　to　end；　and　four　legs；　placed　two　on　either　side。　It　had　only　one　anus；　which　was　situated　between　the　thighs。　One　of　the　twins　was　dark　haired　and　was　baptized　Mary；　while　the　other　was　a　blonde　and　was　named　Catherine。　These　twins　felt　and　acted　independently　of　each　other；　they　each　in　succession　sucked　from　the　breast　or　took　milk　from　the　spoon；　and　used　their　limbs　vigorously。　One　vomited　without　affecting　the　other；　but　the　feces　were　discharged　through　a　common　opening。

Goodell　speaks　of　Minna　and　Minnie　Finley；　who　were　born　in　Ohio　and　examined　by　him。　They　were　fused　together　in　a　common　longitudinal　axis；　having　one　pelvis；　two　heads；　four　legs；　and　four　arms。　One　was　weak　and　puny　and　the　other　robust　and　active；　it　is　probable　that　they　had　but　one　rectum　and　one　bladder。　Goodell　accompanies　his　description　by　the　mention　of　several　analogous　cases。　Ellis　speaks　of　female　twins；　born　in　Millville；　Tenn。；　and　exhibited　in　New　York　in　1868；　who　were　joined　at　the　pelves　in　a　longitudinal　axis。　Between　the　limbs　on　either　side　were　to　be　seen　well…developed　female　genitals；　and　the　sisters　had　been　known　to　urinate　from　both　sides；　beginning　and　ending　at　the　same　time。

Huff　details　a　description　of　the　〃Jones　twins；〃　born　on　June　24；　1889；　in　Tipton　County；　Indiana；　whose　spinal　columns　were　in　apposition　at　the　lower　end。　The　labor；　of　less　than　two　hours'　duration；　was　completed　before　the　arrival　of　the　physician。　Lying　on　their　mother's　back；　they　could　both　nurse　at　the　same　time。　Both　sets　of　genitals　and　ani　were　on　the　same　side　of　the　line　of　union；　but　occupied　normal　positions　with　reference　to　the　legs　on　either　side。　Their　weight　at　birth　was　12　pounds　and　their　length　22　inches。　Their　mother　was　a　medium…sized　brunette　of　19；　and　had　one　previous　child　then　living　at　the　age　of　two；　their　father　was　a　finely　formed　man　5　feet　10　inches　in　height。　The　twins　differed　in　complexion　and　color　of　the　eyes　and　hair。　They　were　publicly　exhibited　for　some　time；　and　died　February　19　and　20；　1891；　at　St。　John's　Hotel；　Buffalo；　N。Y。　Figure　45　shows　their　appearance　several　months　after　birth。

CLASS　VI。In　our　sixth　class；　the　first　record　we　have　is　from　the　Commentaries　of　Sigbert；　which　contains　a　description　of　a　monstrosity　born　in　the　reign　of　the　Emperor　Theodosius；　who　had　two　heads；　two　chests　with　four　arms　attached；　but　a　single　lower　extremity。　The　emotions；　affections；　and　appetites　were　different。　One　head　might　be　crying　while　the　other　laughed；　or　one　feeding　while　the　other　was　sleeping。　At　times　they　quarreled　and　occasionally　came　to　blows。　This　monster　is　said　to　have　lived　two　years；　one　part　dying　four　days　before　the　other；　which　evinced　symptoms　of　decay　like　its　inseparable　neighbor。

Roger　of　Wendover　says　that　in　Lesser　Brittany　and　Normandy；　in　1062；　there　was　seen　a　female　monster；　consisting　of　two　women　joined　about　the　umbilicus　and　fused　into　a　single　lower　extremity。　They　took　their　food　by　two　mouths　but　expelled　it　at　a　single　orifice。　At　one　time；　one　of　the　women　laughed；　feasted；　and　talked；　while　the　other　wept；　fasted；　and　kept　a　religious　silence。　The　account　relates　how　one　of　them　died；　and　the　survivor　bore　her　dead　sister　about　for　three　years　before　she　was　overcome　by　the　oppression　and　stench　of　the　cadaver。　Batemen　describes　the　birth　of　a　boy　in　1529；　who　had　two　heads；　four　ears；　four　arms；　but　only　two　thighs　and　two　legs。　Buchanan　speaks　at　length　of　the　famous　〃Scottish　Brothers；〃　who　were　the　cynosure　of　the　eyes　of　the　Court　of　James　III　of　Scotland。　This　monster　consisted　of　two　men；　ordinary　in　appearance　in　the　superior　extremities；　whose　trunks　fused　into　a　single　lower　extremity。　The　King　took　diligent　care　of　their　education；　and　they　became　proficient　in　music；　languages；　and　other　court　accomplishments。　Between　them　they　would　carry　on　animated　conversations；　sometimes　merging　into　curious　debates；　followed　by　blows。　Above　the　point　of　union　they　had　no　synchronous　sensations；　while　below；　sensation　was　common　to　both。　This　monster　lived　twenty…eight　years；　surviving　the　royal　patron；　who　died　June；　1488。　One　of　the　brothers　died　some　days　before　the　other；　and　the　survivor；　after　carrying　about　his　dead　brother；　succumbed　to　〃infection　from　putrescence。〃　There　was　reported　to　have　been　born　in　Switzerland　a　double　headed　male　monster；　who　in　1538；　at　the　age　of　thirty；　was　possessed　of　a　beard　on　each　face；　the　two　bodies　fused　at　the　umbilicus　into　a　single　lower　extremity。　These　two　twins　resembled　one　another　in　contour　and　countenance。　They　were　so　joined　that　at　rest　they　looked　upon　one　another。　They　had　a　single　wife；　with　whom　they　were　said　to　have　lived　in　harmony。　In　the　Gentleman's　Magazine　about　one　hundred　and　fifty　years　since　there　was　given　the　portrait　and　description　of　a　double　woman；　who　was　exhibited　all　over　the　large　cities　of　Europe。　Little　can　be　ascertained　anatomically　of　her　construction；　with　the　exception　that　it　was　stated　that　she　had　two　heads；　two　necks；　four　arms；　two　legs；　one　pelvis；　and　one　set　of　pelvic　organs。

The　most　celebrated　monster　of　this　type　was　Ritta…Christina；　who　was　born　in　Sassari；　in　Sardinia；　March　23；　1829。　These　twins　were　the　result　of　the　ninth　confinement　of　their　mother；　a　woman　of　thirty…two。　Their　superior　extremities　were　double；　but　they　joined　in　a　common　trunk　at　a　point　a　little　below　the　mammae。　Below　this　point　they　had　a　common　trunk　and　single　lower　extremities。　The　right　one；　christened　Ritta；　was　feeble　and　of　a　sad　and　melancholy　countenance；　the　left；　Christina；　was　vigorous　and　of　a　gay　and　happy　aspect。　They　suckled　at　different　times；　and　sensations　in　the　upper　extremities　were　distinct。　They　expelled　urine　and　feces　simultaneously；　and　had　the　indications　in　common。　Their　parents；　who　were　very　poor；　brought　them　to　Paris　for　the　purpose　of　public　exhibition；　which　at　first　was　accomplished　clandestinely；　but　finally　interdicted　by　the　public　authorities；　who　feared　that　it　would　open　a　door　for　psychologic　discussion　and　speculation。　This　failure　of　the　parents　to　secure　public　patronage　increased　their　poverty　and　hastened　the　death　of　the　children　by　unavoidable　exposure　in　a　cold　room。　The　nervous　system　of　the　twins　had　little　in　common　except　in　the　line　of　union；　the　anus；　and　the　sexual　organs；　and　Christina　was　in　good　health　all　through　Ritta's　sickness；　when　Ritta　died；　her　sister；　who　was　suckling　at　the　mother's　breast；　suddenly　relaxed　hold　and　expired　with　a　sigh。　At　the　postmortem；　which　was　secured　with　some　difficulty　on　account　of　the　authorities　ordering　the　bodies　to　be　burned；　the　pericardium　was　found　single；　covering　both　hearts。　The　digestive　organs　were　double　and　separate　as　far　as　the　lower　third　of　the　ilium；　and　the　cecum　was　on　the　left　side　and　single；　in　common　with　the　lower　bowel。　The　livers　were　fused　and　the　uterus　was　double。　The　vertebral　columns；　which　were　entirely　separate　above；　were　joined　below　by　a　rudimentary　os　innorminatum。　There　was　a　junction　between　the　manubrium　of　each。　Sir　Astley　Cooper　saw　a　monster　in　Paris　in　1792　which；　by　his　description；　must　have　been　very　similar　to　Ritta…Christina。

The　Tocci　brothers　were　born　in　1877　in　the　province　of　Turin；　Italy。　They　each　had　a　well…formed　head；　perfect　arms；　and　a　perfect　thorax　to　the　sixth　rib；　they　had　a　common　abdomen；　a　single　anus；　two　legs；　two　sacra；　two　vertebral　columns；　one　penis；　but　three　buttocks；　the　central　one　containing　a　rudimentary　anus。　The　right　boy　was　christened　Giovanni…Batista；　and　the　left　Giacomo。　Each　individual　had　power　over　the　corresponding　leg　on　his　side；　but　not　over　the　other　one。　Walking　was　therefore　impossible。　All　their　sensations　and　emotions　were　distinctly　individual　and　independent。　At　the　time　of　the　report；　in　1882；　they　were　in　good　health　and　showed　every　indication　of　attaining　adult　age。　Figure　48　represents　these　twins　as　they　were　exhibited　several　years　ago　in　Germany。

McCallum　saw　two　female　children　in　Montreal　in　1878　named　Marie…Rosa　Drouin。　They　formed　a　right　angle　with　their　single　trunk；　which　commenced　at　the　lower　part　of　the　thorax　of　each。　The