anomalies and curiosities of medicine-第45部分

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the　thorax　of　each。　They　had　a　single　genital　fissure　and　the　external　organs　of　generation　of　a　female。　A　little　over　three　inches　from　the　anus　was　a　rudimentary　limb　with　a　movable　articulation；　it　measured　five　inches　in　length　and　tapered　to　a　fine　point；　being　furnished　with　a　distinct　nail；　and　it　contracted　strongly　to　irritation。　Marie；　the　left　child；　was　of　fair　complexion　and　more　strongly　developed　than　Rosa。　The　sensations　of　hunger　and　thirst　were　not　experienced　at　the　same　time；　and　one　might　be　asleep　while　the　other　was　crying。　The　pulsations　and　the　respiratory　movements　were　not　synchronous。　They　were　the　products　of　the　second　gestation　of　a　mother　aged　twenty…six；　whose　abdomen　was　of　such　preternatural　size　during　pregnancy　that　she　was　ashamed　to　appear　in　public。　The　order　of　birth　was　as　follows：　one　head　and　body；　the　lower　extremity；　and　the　second　body　and　head。

CLASS　VII。There　are　many　instances　of　bicephalic　monsters　on　record。　Pare　mentions　and　gives　an　illustration　of　a　female　apparently　single　in　conformation；　with　the　exception　of　having　two　heads　and　two　necks。　The　Ephemerides；　Haller；　Schenck；　and　Archenholz　cite　examples；　and　there　is　an　old　account　of　a　double…headed　child；　each　of　whose　heads　were　baptized；　one　called　Martha　and　the　other　Mary。　One　was　of　a　gay　and　the　other　a　sad　visage；　and　both　heads　received　nourishment；　they　only　lived　a　couple　of　days。　There　is　another　similar　record　of　a　Milanese　girl　who　had　two　heads；　but　was　in　all　other　respects　single；　with　the　exception　that　after　death　she　was　found　to　have　had　two　stomachs。　Besse　mentions　a　Bavarian　woman　of　twenty…six　with　two　heads；　one　of　which　was　comely　and　the　other　extremely　ugly；　Batemen　quotes　what　is　apparently　the　same　casea　woman　in　Bavaria　in　1541　with　two　heads；　one　of　which　was　deformed；　who　begged　from　door　to　door；　and　who　by　reason　of　the　influence　of　pregnant　women　was　given　her　expenses　to　leave　the　country。

A　more　common　occurrence　of　this　type　is　that　in　which　there　is　fusion　of　the　two　heads。　Moreau　speaks　of　a　monster　in　Spain　which　was　shown　from　town　to　town。　Its　heads　were　fused；　it　had　two　mouths　and　two　noses；　in　each　face　an　eye　well　conformed　and　placed　above　the　nose；　there　was　a　third　eye　in　the　middle　of　the　forehead　common　to　both　heads；　the　third　eye　was　of　primitive　development　and　had　two　pupils。　Each　face　was　well　formed　and　had　its　own　chin。　Buffon　mentions　a　cat；　the　exact　analogue　of　Moreau's　case。　Sutton　speaks　of　a　photograph　sent　to　Sir　James　Paget　in　1856　by　William　Budd　of　Bristol。　This　portrays　a　living　child　with　a　supernumerary　head；　which　had　mouth；　nose；　eyes；　and　a　brain　of　its　own。　The　eyelids　were　abortive；　and　as　there　was　no　orbital　cavity　the　eyes　stood　out　in　the　form　of　naked　globes　on　the　forehead。　When　born；　the　corneas　of　both　heads　were　transparent；　but　then　became　opaque　from　exposure。　The　brain　of　the　supernumerary　head　was　quite　visible　from　without；　and　was　covered　by　a　membrane　beginning　to　slough。　On　the　right　side　of　the　head　was　a　rudimentary　external　ear。　The　nurse　said　that　when　the　child　sucked　some　milk　regurgitated　through　the　supernumerary　mouth。　The　great　physiologic　interest　in　this　case　lies　in　the　fact　that　every　movement　and　every　act　of　the　natural　face　was　simultaneously　repeated　by　the　supernumerary　face　in　a　perfectly　consensual　manner；　i。e。；　when　the　natural　mouth　sucked；　the　second　mouth　sucked；　when　the　natural　face　cried；　yawned；　or　sneezed；　the　second　face　did　likewise；　and　the　eyes　of　the　two　heads　moved　in　unison。　The　fate　of　the　child　is　not　known。

Home　speaks　of　a　child　born　in　Bengal　with　a　most　peculiar　fusion　of　the　head。　The　ordinary　head　was　nearly　perfect　and　of　usual　volume；　but　fused　with　its　vertex　and　reversed　was　a　supernumerary　head。　Each　head　had　its　own　separate　vessels　and　brain；　and　each　an　individual　sensibility；　but　if　one　had　milk　first　the　other　had　an　abundance　of　saliva　in　its　mouth。　It　narrowly　escaped　being　burned　to　death　at　birth；　as　the　midwife；　greatly　frightened　by　the　monstrous　appearance；　threw　it　into　the　fire　to　destroy　it；　from　whence　it　was　rescued；　although　badly　burned；　the　vicious　conformation　of　the　accessory　head　being　possibly　due　to　the　accident。　At　the　age　of　four　it　was　bitten　by　a　venomous　serpent　and；　as　a　result；　died。　Its　skull　is　in　the　possession　of　the　Royal　College　of　Surgeons　in　London。

The　following　well…known　story　of　Edward　Mordake；　though　taken　from　lay　sources；　is　of　sufficient　notoriety　and　interest　to　be　mentioned　here：

〃One　of　the　weirdest　as　well　as　most　melancholy　stories　of　human　deformity　is　that　of　Edward　Mordake；　said　to　have　been　heir　to　one　of　the　noblest　peerages　in　England。　He　never　claimed　the　title；　however；　and　committed　suicide　in　his　twenty…third　year。　He　lived　in　complete　seclusion；　refusing　the　visits　even　of　the　members　of　his　own　family。　He　was　a　young　man　of　fine　attainments；　a　profound　scholar；　and　a　musician　of　rare　ability。　His　figure　was　remarkable　for　its　grace；　and　his　facethat　is　to　say；　his　natural　facewas　that　of　an　Antinous。　But　upon　the　back　of　his　head　was　another　face；　that　of　a　beautiful　girl；　'lovely　as　a　dream；　hideous　as　a　devil。'　The　female　face　was　a　mere　mask；　'occupying　only　a　small　portion　of　the　posterior　part　of　the　skull；　yet　exhibiting　every　sign　of　intelligence；　of　a　malignant　sort；　however。'　It　would　be　seen　to　smile　and　sneer　while　Mordake　was　weeping。　The　eyes　would　follow　the　movements　of　the　spectator；　and　the　lips　would　'gibber　without　ceasing。'　No　voice　was　audible；　but　Mordake　avers　that　he　was　kept　from　his　rest　at　night　by　the　hateful　whispers　of　his　'devil　twin；'　as　he　called　it；　'which　never　sleeps；　but　talks　to　me　forever　of　such　things　as　they　only　speak　of　in　hell。　No　imagination　can　conceive　the　dreadful　temptations　it　sets　before　me。　For　some　unforgiven　wickedness　of　my　forefathers　I　am　knit　to　this　fiendfor　a　fiend　it　surely　is。　I　beg　and　beseech　you　to　crush　it　out　of　human　semblance；　even　if　I　die　for　it。'　Such　were　the　words　of　the　hapless　Mordake　to　Manvers　and　Treadwell；　his　physicians。　In　spite　of　careful　watching　he　managed　to　procure　poison；　whereof　he　died；　leaving　a　letter　requesting　that　the　'demon　face'　might　be　destroyed　before　his　burial；　'lest　it　continues　its　dreadful　whisperings　in　my　grave。'　At　his　own　request　he　was　interred　in　a　waste　place；　without　stone　or　legend　to　mark　his　grave。〃

A　most　curious　case　was　that　of　a　Fellah　woman　who　was　delivered　at　Alexandria　of　a　bicephalic　monster　of　apparently　eight　months'　pregnancy。　This　creature；　which　was　born　dead；　had　one　head　white　and　the　other　black　the　change　of　color　commencing　at　the　neck　of　the　black　head。　The　bizarre　head　was　of　negro　conformation　and　fully　developed；　and　the　colored　skin　was　found　to　be　due　to　the　existence　of　pigment　similar　to　that　found　in　the　black　race。　The　husband　of　the　woman　had　a　light　brown　skin；　like　an　ordinary　Fellah　man；　and　it　was　ascertained　that　there　were　some　negro　laborers　in　port　during　the　woman's　pregnancy；　but　no　definite　information　as　to　her　relations　with　them　could　be　established；　and　whether　this　was　a　case　of　maternal　impression　or　superfetation　can　only　be　a　matter　of　conjecture。

Fantastic　monsters；　such　as　acephalon；　paracephalon；　cyclops；　pseudencephalon；　and　the　janiceps；　prosopthoracopagus；　disprosopus；　etc。；　although　full　of　interest；　will　not　be　discussed　here；　as　none　are　ever　viable　for　any　length　of　time；　and　the　declared　intention　of　this　chapter　is　to　include　only　those　beings　who　have　lived。

CLASS　VIII。The　next　class　includes　the　parasitic　terata；　monsters　that　consist　of　one　perfect　body；　complete　in　every　respect；　but　from　the　neighborhood　of　whose　umbilicus　depends　some　important　portion　of　a　second　body。　Pare；　Benivenius；　and　Columbus　describe　adults　with　acephalous　monsters　attached　to　them。　Schenck　mentions　13　cases；　3　of　which　were　observed　by　him。　Aldrovandus　shows　3　illustrations　under　the　name　of　〃monstrum　bicorpum　monocephalon。〃　Bustorf　speaks　of　a　case　in　which　the　nates　and　lower　extremities　of　one　body　proceeded　out　of　the　abdomen　of　the　other；　which　was　otherwise　perfect。　Reichel　and　Anderson　mention　a　living　parasitic　monster；　the　inferior　trunk　of　one　body　proceeding　from　the　pectoral　region　of　the　other。

Pare　says　that　there　was　a　man　in　Paris　in　1530；　quite　forty　years　of　age；　who　carried　about　a　parasite　without　a　head；　which　hung　pendant　from　his　belly。　This　individual　was　exhibited　and　drew　great　crowds。　Pare　appends　an　illustration；　which　is；　perhaps；　one　of　the　most　familiar　in　all　teratology。　He　also　gives　a　portrait　of　a　man　who　had　a　parasitic　head　proceeding　from　his　epigastrium；　and　who　was　born　in　Germany　the　same　year　that　peace　was　made　with　the　Swiss　by　King　Francis。　This　creature　lived　to　manhood　and　both　heads　were　utilized　in　alimentation。　Bartholinus　details　a　history　of　an　individual　named　Lazarus…Joannes　Baptista　Colloredo；　born　in　Genoa　in　1617；　who　exhibited　himself　all　over　Europe。　From　his　epigastrium　hung　an　imperfectly　developed　twin　that　had　one　thigh；　hands；　body；　arms；　and　a　well…formed　head　covered　with　hair；　which　in　the　normal　position　hung　lowest。　There　were　signs　of　independent　existence　in　the　parasite；　movements　of　respiration；　etc。；　but　its　eyes　were　closed；　and；　although　saliva　constantly　dribbled　from　its　open　mouth；　nothing　was　ever　ingested。　The　genitals　were　imperfect　and　the　arms　ended　in　badly　formed　hands。　Bartholinus　examined　this　monster　at　twenty…two；　and　has　given　the　best　report；　although　while　in　Scotland　in　1642　he　was　again　examined；　and　accredited　with　being　married　and　the　father　of　several　children　who　were　fully　and　admirably　developed。　Moreau　quotes　a　case　of　an　infant　similar　in　conformation　to　the　foregoing　monster；　who　was　born　in　Switzerland　in　1764；　and　whose　supernumerary　parts　were　amputated　by　means　of　a　ligature。　Winslow　reported　before　the　Academie　Royale　des　Sciences　the　history　of　a　girl　of　twelve　who　died　at　the　Hotel…Dieu　in　1733。　She　was　of　ordinary　height　and　of　fair　conformation；　with　the　exception　that　hanging　from　the　left　flank　was　the　inferior　half　of　another　girl　of　diminutive　proportions。　The　supernumerary　body　was　immovable；　and　hung　so　heavily　that　it　was　said