anomalies and curiosities of medicine-第46部分

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　diminutive　proportions。　The　supernumerary　body　was　immovable；　and　hung　so　heavily　that　it　was　said　to　be　supported　by　the　hands　or　by　a　sling。　Urine　and　feces　were　evacuated　at　intervals　from　the　parasite；　and　received　into　a　diaper　constantly　worn　for　this　purpose。　Sensibility　in　the　two　was　common；　an　impression　applied　to　the　parasite　being　felt　by　the　girl。　Winslow　gives　an　interesting　report　of　the　dissection　of　this　monster；　and　mentions　that　he　had　seen　an　Italian　child　of　eight　who　had　a　small　head　proceeding　from　under　the　cartilage　of　the　third　left　rib。　Sensibility　was　common；　pinching　the　ear　of　the　parasitic　head　causing　the　child　with　the　perfect　head　to　cry。　Each　of　the　two　heads　received　baptism；　one　being　named　John　and　the　other　Matthew。　A　curious　question　arose　in　the　instance　of　the　girl；　as　to　whether　the　extreme　unction　should　be　administered　to　the　acephalous　fetus　as　well　as　to　the　child。

In　1742；　during　the　Ambassadorship　of　the　Marquis　de　l'Hopital　at　Naples；　he　saw　in　that　city　an　aged　man；　well　conformed；　with　the　exception　that；　like　the　little　girl　of　Winslow；　he　had　the　inferior　extremities　of　a　male　child　growing　from　his　epigastric　region。　Haller　and　Meckel　have　also　observed　cases　like　this。　Bordat　described　before　the　Royal　Institute　of　France；　August；　1826；　a　Chinaman；　twenty…one　years　of　age；　who　had　an　acephalous　fetus　attached　to　the　surface　of　his　breast　（possibly　〃A…ke〃）。

Dickinson　describes　a　wonderful　child　five　years　old；　who；　by　an　extraordinary　freak　of　nature；　was　an　amalgamation　of　two　children。　From　the　body　of　an　otherwise　perfectly　formed　child　was　a　supernumerary　head　protruding　from　a　broad　base　attached　to　the　lower　lumbar　and　sacral　region。　This　cephalic　mass　was　covered　with　hair　about　four　or　five　inches　long；　and　showed　the　rudiments　of　an　eye；　nose；　mouth；　and　chin。　This　child　was　on　exhibition　when　Dickinson　saw　it。　Montare　and　Reyes　were　commissioned　by　the　Academy　of　Medicine　of　Havana　to　examine　and　report　on　a　monstrous　girl　of　seven　months；　living　in　Cuba。　The　girl　was　healthy　and　well　developed；　and　from　the　middle　line　of　her　body　between　the　xiphoid　cartilage　and　the　umbilicus；　attached　by　a　soft　pedicle；　was　an　accessory　individual；　irregular；　of　ovoid　shape；　the　smaller　end；　representing　the　head；　being　upward。　The　parasite　measured　a　little　over　1　foot　in　length；　9　inches　about　the　head；　and　7　3/4　inches　around　the　neck。　The　cranial　bones　were　distinctly　felt；　and　the　top　of　the　head　was　covered　by　a　circlet　of　hair。　There　were　two　rudimentary　eyebrows；　the　left　eye　was　represented　by　a　minute　perforation　encircled　with　hair；　the　right　eye　was　traced　by　one　end　of　a　mucous　groove　which　ran　down　to　another　transverse　groove　representing　the　mouth；　the　right　third　of　this　latter　groove　showed　a　primitive　tongue　and　a　triangular　tooth；　which　appeared　at　the　fifth　month。　There　was　a　soft；　imperforate　nose；　and　the　elements　of　the　vertebral　column　could　be　distinguished　beneath　the　skin；　there　were　no　legs；　apparently　no　vascular　sounds；　there　was　separate　sensation；　as　the　parasite　could　be　pinched　without　attracting　the　perfect　infant's　notice。　The　mouth　of　the　parasite　constantly　dribbled　saliva；　but　showed　no　indication　of　receiving　aliment。　

Louise　L。；　known　as　〃La　dame　a　quatre　jambes；〃　was　born　in　1869；　and　had　attached　to　her　pelvis　another　rudimentary　pelvis　and　two　atrophied　legs　of　a　parasite；　weighing　8　kilos。　The　attachment　was　effected　by　means　of　a　pedicle　33　cm。　in　diameter；　having　a　bony　basis；　and　being　fixed　without　a　joint。　The　attachment　almost　obliterated　the　vulva　and　the　perineum　was　displaced　far　backward。　At　the　insertion　of　the　parasite　were　two　rudimentary　mammae；　one　larger　than　the　other。　No　genitalia　were　seen　on　the　parasite　and　it　exhibited　no　active　movements；　the　joints　of　both　limbs　being　ankylosed。　The　woman　could　localize　sensations　in　the　parasite　except　those　of　the　feet。　She　had　been　married　five　years；　and　bore；　in　the　space　of　three　years；　two　well…formed　daughters。

Quite　recently　there　was　exhibited　in　the　museums　of　the　United　States　an　individual　bearing　the　name　〃Laloo；〃　who　was　born　in　Oudh；　India；　and　was　the　second　of　four　children。　At　the　time　of　examination　he　was　about　nineteen　years　of　age。　The　upper　portion　of　a　parasite　was　firmly　attached　to　the　lower　right　side　of　the　sternum　of　the　individual　by　a　bony　pedicle；　and　lower　by　a　fleshy　pedicle；　and　apparently　contained　intestines。　The　anus　of　the　parasite　was　imperforate；　a　well…developed　penis　was　found；　but　no　testicles；　there　was　a　luxuriant　growth　of　hair　on　the　pubes。　The　penis　of　the　parasite　was　said　to　show　signs　of　erection　at　times；　and　urine　passed　through　it　without　the　knowledge　of　the　boy。　Perspiration　and　elevation　of　temperature　seemed　to　occur　simultaneously　in　both。　To　pander　to　the　morbid　curiosity　of　the　curious；　the　〃Dime　Museum〃　managers　at　one　time　shrewdly　clothed　the　parasite　in　female　attire；　calling　the　two　brother　and　sister；　but　there　is　no　doubt　that　all　the　traces　of　sex　were　of　the　male　type。　An　analogous　case　was　that　of　〃A…Ke；〃　a　Chinaman；　who　was　exhibited　in　London　early　in　the　century；　and　of　whom　and　his　parasite　anatomic　models　are　seen　in　our　museums。　Figure　58　represents　an　epignathus；　a　peculiar　type　parasitic　monster；　in　which　the　parasite　is　united　to　the　inferior　maxillary　bone　of　the　autosite。

CLASS　IX。Of　〃Lusus　naturae〃　none　is　more　curious　than　that　of　duplication　of　the　lower　extremities。　Pare　says　that　on　January　9；　1529；　there　was　living　in　Germany　a　male　infant　having　four　legs　and　four　arms。　In　Paris；　at　the　Academie　des　Sciences；　on　September　6；　1830；　there　was　presented　by　Madame　Hen；　a　midwife；　a　living　male　child　with　four　legs；　the　anus　being　nearly　below　the　middle　of　the　third　buttock；　and　the　scrotum　between　the　two　left　thighs；　the　testicles　not　yet　descended。　There　was　a　well…formed　and　single　pelvis；　and　the　supernumerary　legs　were　immovable。　Aldrovandus　mentions　several　similar　instances；　and　gives　the　figure　of　one　born　in　Rome；　he　also　describes　several　quadruped　birds。　Bardsley　speaks　of　a　male　child　with　one　head；　four　arms；　four　legs；　and　double　generative　organs。　He　gives　a　portrait　of　the　child　when　it　was　a　little　over　a　year　old。　Heschl　published　in　Vienna　in　1878　a　description　of　a　girl　of　seventeen；　who　instead　of　having　a　duplication　of　the　superior　body；　as　in　〃Millie…Christine；　the　two…headed　nightingale；〃　had　double　parts　below　the　second　lumbar　vertebra。　Her　head　and　upper　body　resembled　a　comely；　delicate　girl　of　twelve。

Wells　a　describes　Mrs。　B。；　aged　twenty；　still　alive　and　healthy。　The　duplication　in　this　case　begins　just　above　the　waist；　the　spinal　column　dividing　at　the　third　lumbar　vertebra；　below　this　point　everything　being　double。　Micturition　and　defecation　occur　at　different　times；　but　menstruation　occurs　simultaneously。　She　was　married　at　nineteen；　and　became　pregnant　a　year　later　on　the　left　side；　but　abortion　was　induced　at　the　fourth　month　on　account　of　persistent　nausea　and　the　expectation　of　impossible　delivery。　Whaley；　in　speaking　of　this　case；　said　Mrs。　B。　utilized　her　outside　legs　for　walking；　he　also　remarks　that　when　he　informed　her　that　she　was　pregnant　on　the　left　side　she　replied；　〃I　think　you　are　mistaken；　if　it　had　been　on　my　right　side　I　would　come　nearer　believing　it；〃and　after　further　questioning　he　found；　from　the　patient's　observation；　that　her　right　genitals　were　almost　invariably　used　for　coitus。　Bechlinger　of　Para；　Brazil；　describes　a　woman　of　twenty…five；　a　native　of　Martinique；　whose　father　was　French　and　mother　a　quadroon；　who　had　a　modified　duplication　of　the　lower　body。　There　was　a　third　leg　attached　to　a　continuation　of　the　processus　coceygeus　of　the　sacrum；　and　in　addition　to　well　developed　mammae　regularly　situated；　there　were　two　rudimentary　ones　close　together　above　the　pubes。　There　were　two　vaginae　and　two　well…developed　vulvae；　both　having　equally　developed　sensations。　The　sexual　appetite　was　markedly　developed；　and　coitus　was　practised　in　both　vaginae。　A　somewhat　similar　case；　possibly　the　same；　is　that　of　Blanche　Dumas；　born　in　1860。　She　had　a　very　broad　pelvis；　two　imperfectly　developed　legs；　and　a　supernumerary　limb　attached　to　the　symphysis；　without　a　joint；　but　with　slight　passive　movement。　There　was　a　duplication　of　bowel；　bladder；　and　genitalia。　At　the　junction　of　the　rudimentary　limb　with　the　body；　in　front；　were　two　rudimentary　mammary　glands；　each　containing　a　nipple。

Other　instances　of　supernumerary　limbs　will　be　found　in　Chapter　VI。

CLASS　X。The　instances　of　diphallic　terata；　by　their　intense　interest　to　the　natural　bent　of　the　curious　mind；　have　always　elicited　much　discussion。　To　many　of　these　cases　have　been　attributed　exaggerated　function；　notwithstanding　the　fact　that　modern　observation　almost　invariably　shows　that　the　virile　power　diminishes　in　exact　proportion　to　the　extent　of　duplication。　Taylor　quotes　a　description　of　a　monster；　exhibited　in　London；　with　two　distinct　penises；　but　with　only　one　distinct　testicle　on　either　side。　He　could　exercise　the　function　of　either　organ。

Schenck；　Schurig；　Bartholinus；　Loder；　and　Ollsner　report　instances　of　diphallic　terata；　the　latter　case　a　was　in　a　soldier　of　Charles　VI；　twenty…two　years　old；　who　applied　to　the　surgeon　for　a　bubonic　affection；　and　who　declared　that　he　passed　urine　from　the　orifice　of　the　left　glans　and　also　said　that　he　was　incapable　of　true　coitus。　Valentini　mentions　an　instance　in　a　boy　of　four；　in　which　the　two　penises　were　superimposed。　Bucchettoni　speaks　of　a　man　with　two　penises　placed　side　by　side。　There　was　an　anonymous　case　described　of　a　man　of　ninety…three　with　a　penis　which　was　for　more　than　half　its　length　divided　into　two　distinct　members；　the　right　being　somewhat　larger　than　the　left。　From　the　middle　of　the　penis　up　to　the　symphysis　only　the　lower　wall　of　the　urethra　was　split。　Jenisch　describes　a　diphallic　infant；　the　offspring　of　a　woman　of　twenty…five　who　had　been　married　five　years。　Her　first　child　was　a　well…formed　female；　and　the　second；　the　infant　in　question；　cried　much　during　the　night；　and　several　times　vomited　dark…green　matter。　In　lieu　of　one　penis　there　were　two；　situated　near　each　other；　the　right　one　of　natural　size