anomalies and curiosities of medicine-第55部分

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Instances　are　on　record　of　women　devoid　of　hair　about　the　genital　region。　Riolan　says　that　he　examined　the　body　of　a　female　libertine　who　was　totally　hairless　from　the　umbilical　region　down。

Congenital　alopecia　is　seen　in　animals。　There　is　a　species　of　dog；　a　native　of　China　but　now　bred　in　Mexico　and　in　the　United　States；　which　is　distinguished　for　its　congenital　alopecia。　The　same　fact　has　been　observed　occasionally　in　horses；　cattle；　and　dogs。　Heusner　has　seen　a　pigeon　destitute　of　feathers；　and　which　engendered　a　female　which　in　her　turn　transmitted　the　same　characteristic　to　two　of　her　young。

Sexualism　and　Hair　Growth。The　growth　or　development　of　the　hair　may　be　accelerated　by　the　state　of　the　organs　of　generation。　This　is　peculiarly　noticeable　in　the　pubic　hairs　and　the　beard；　and　is　fully　exemplified　in　the　section　on　precocious　development　（Chapter　VII）；　however；　Moreau　de　la　Sarthe　showed　a　child　to　the　Medical　Faculty　of　Paris　in　whom　precocious　development　of　the　testicles　had　influenced　that　of　the　hair　to　such　a　degree　that；　at　the　age　of　six；　the　chest　of　this　boy　was　as　thickly　set　with　hair　as　is　usually　seen　in　adults。　It　is　well　known　that　eunuchs　often　lose　a　great　part　of　their　beards；　and　after　removal　of　the　ovaries　women　are　seen　to　develop　an　extra　quantity　of　hair。　Gerberon　tells　of　an　infant　with　a　beard；　and　Paullini　and　the　Ephemerides　mention　similar　instances。

Bearded　women　are　not　at　all　infrequent。　Hippocrates　mentions　a　female　who　grew　a　beard　shortly　after　menstruation　had　ceased。　It　is　a　well…recognized　fact　that　after　the　menopause　women　become　more　hirsute；　the　same　being　the　case　after　removal　of　any　of　the　functional　generative　apparatus。　Vicat　saw　a　virgin　who　had　a　beard；　and　Joch　speaks　of　〃foeminis　barbati。〃　Leblond　says　that　certain　women　of　Ethiopia　and　South　America　have　beards　and　little　or　no　menstruation。　He　also　says　that　sterility　and　excessive　chastity　are　causes　of　female　beards；　and　cites　the　case　of　Schott　of　a　young　widow　who　secluded　herself　in　a　cloister；　and　soon　had　a　beard。

Barbara　Urster；　who　lived　in　the　16th　century；　had　a　beard　to　her　girdle。　The　most　celebrated　〃bearded　woman〃　was　Rosine…Marguerite　Muller；　who　died　in　a　hospital　in　Dresden　in　1732；　with　a　thick　beard　and　heavy　mustache。　Julia　Pastrana　had　her　face　covered　with　thick　hair　and　had　a　full　beard　and　mustache。　She　exhibited　defective　dentition　in　both　jaws；　and　the　teeth　present　were　arranged　in　an　irregular　fashion。　She　had　pronounced　prognathism；　which　gave　her　a　simian　appearance。　Ecker　examined　in　1876　a　woman　who　died　at　Fribourg；　whose　face　contained　a　full　beard　and　a　luxuriant　mustache。

Harris　reports　several　cases　of　bearded　women；　inmates　of　the　Coton　Hill　Lunatic　Asylum。　One　of　the　patients　was　eighty…three　years　of　age　and　had　been　insane　forty…four　years　following　a　puerperal　period。　She　would　not　permit　the　hair　on　her　face　to　be　cut；　and　the　curly　white　hairs　had　attained　a　length　of　from　eight　to　ten　inches　on　the　chin；　while　on　the　upper　lip　the　hairs　were　scarcely　an　inch。　This　patient　was　quite　womanly　in　all　her　sentiments。　The　second　case　was　a　woman　of　thirty…six；　insane　from　emotional　melancholia。　She　had　tufts　of　thick；　curly　hair　on　the　chin　two　inches　long；　light　yellowish　in　color；　and　a　few　straggling　hairs　on　the　upper　lip。　The　third　case　was　that　of　a　woman　of　sixty…four；　who　exhibited　a　strong　passion　for　the　male　sex。　Her　menstruation　had　been　regular　until　the　menopause。　She　plaited　her　beard；　and　it　was　seven　or　eight　inches　long　on　the　chin　and　one　inch　on　the　lip。　This　woman　had　extremely　hairy　legs。　Another　case　was　that　of　a　woman　of　sixty…two；　who；　though　bald；　developed　a　beard　before　the　climacteric。　Her　structural　proportions　were　feminine　in　character；　and　it　is　said　that　her　mother；　who　was　sane；　had　a　beard　also。　A　curious　case　was　that　of　a　woman　of　twenty…three　（Mrs。　Viola　M。）；　who　from　the　age　of　three　had　a　considerable　quantity　of　hair　on　the　side　of　the　cheek　which　eventually　became　a　full　beard。　She　was　quite　feminine　was　free　from　excessive　hair　elsewhere；　her　nose　and　forehead　being　singularly　bare。　Her　voice　was　very　sweet；　she　was　married　at　seventeen　and　a　half；　having　two　normal　children；　and　nursed　each　for　one　month。　〃The　bearded　woman〃　of　every　circus　side…show　is　an　evidence　of　the　curious　interest　in　which　these　women　are　held。　The　accompanying　illustration　is　a　representation　of　a　〃bearded　woman〃　born　in　Bracken　County；　Ky。　Her　beard　measured　15　inches　in　length。

There　is　a　class　of　anomalies　in　which　there　is　an　exaggerated　development　of　hair。　We　would　naturally　expect　to　find　the　primitive　peoples；　who　are　not　provided　with　artificial　protection　against　the　wind；　supplied　with　an　extra　quantity　of　hair　or　having　a　hairy　coat　like　animals；　but　this　is　sometimes　found　among　civilized　people。　This　abnormal　presence　of　hair　on　the　human　body　has　been　known　for　many　years；　the　description　of　Esau　in　the　Bible　is　an　early　instance。　Aldrovandus　says　that　in　the　sixteenth　century　there　came　to　the　Canary　Islands　a　family　consisting　of　a　father；　son；　and　two　daughters；　who　were　covered　all　over　their　bodies　by　long　hair；　and　their　portrait；　certainly　reproduced　from　life；　resembles　the　modern　instances　of　〃dog　men。〃

In　1883　there　was　shown　in　England　and　France；　afterward　in　America；　a　girl　of　seven　named　〃Krao；〃　a　native　of　Indo…China。　The　whole　body　of　this　child　was　covered　with　black　hair。　Her　face　was　of　the　prognathic　type；　and　this；　with　her　extraordinary　prehensile　powers　of　feet　and　lips；　gave　her　the　title　of　〃Darwin's　missing　link。〃　In　1875　there　was　exhibited　in　Paris；　under　the　name　of　〃l'homme…chien〃　Adrien　Jeftichew；　a　Russian　peasant　of　fifty…five；　whose　face；　head；　back；　and　limbs　were　covered　with　a　brown　hairy　coat　looking　like　wool　and　several　centimeters　long。　The　other　parts　of　the　body　were　also　covered　with　hair；　but　less　abundantly。　This　individual　had　a　son　of　three；　Theodore；　who　was　hairy　like　himself。

A　family　living　in　Burmah　（Shive…Maon；　whose　history　is　told　by　Crawford　and　Yule）；　consisting　of　a　father；　a　daughter；　and　a　granddaughter；　were　nearly　covered　with　hair。　Figure　84　represents　a　somewhat　similar　family　who　were　exhibited　in　this　country。

Teresa　Gambardella；　a　young　girl　of　twelve；　mentioned　by　Lombroso；　was　covered　all　over　the　body；　with　the　exception　of　the　hands　and　feet；　by　thick；　bushy　hair。　This　hypertrichosis　was　exemplified　in　this　country　only　a　few　months　since　by　a　person　who　went　the　rounds　of　the　dime　museums　under　the　euphonious　name　of　〃Jo…Jo；　the　dog…face　boy。〃　His　face　was　truly　that　of　a　skye…terrier。

Sometimes　the　hairy　anomalies　are　but　instances　of　naevus　pilosus。　The　Indian　ourang…outang　woman　examined　at　the　office　of　the　Lancet　was　an　example　of　this　kind。　Hebra；　Hildebrandt；　Jablokoff；　and　Klein　describe　similar　cases。　Many　of　the　older　〃wild　men〃　were　individuals　bearing　extensive　hairy　moles。

Rayer　remarks　that　he　has　seen　a　young　man　of　sixteen　who　exhibited　himself　to　the　public　under　the　name　of　a　new　species　of　wild　man　whose　breast　and　back　were　covered　with　light　brown　hair　of　considerable　length。

The　surface　upon　which　it　grew　was　of　a　brownish　hue；　different　from　the　color　of　the　surrounding　integument。　Almost　the　whole　of　the　right　arm　was　covered　in　the　same　manner。　On　the　lower　extremity　several　tufts　of　hair　were　observed　implanted　upon　brown　spots　from　seven　to　eight　lines　in　diameter　symmetrically　disposed　upon　both　legs。　The　hair　was　brown；　of　the　same　color　as　that　of　the　head。　Bichat　informs　us　that　he　saw　at　Paris　an　unfortunate　man　who　from　his　birth　was　afflicted　with　a　hairy　covering　of　his　face　like　that　of　a　wild　boar；　and　he　adds　that　the　stories　which　were　current　among　the　vulgar　of　individuals　with　a　boar's　head；　wolf's　head；　etc。；　undoubtedly　referred　to　cases　in　which　the　face　was　covered　to　a　greater　or　less　degree　with　hair。　Villerme　saw　a　child　of　six　at　Poitiers　in　1808　whose　body；　except　the　feet　and　hands；　was　covered　with　a　great　number　of　prominent　brown　spots　of　different　dimensions；　beset　with　hair　shorter　and　not　so　strong　as　that　of　a　boar；　but　bearing　a　certain　resemblance　to　the　bristles　of　that　animal。　These　spots　occupied　about　one…fifth　of　the　surface　of　this　child's　skin。　Campaignac　in　the　early　part　of　this　century　exhibited　a　case　in　which　there　was　a　large　tuft　of　long　black　hair　growing　from　the　shoulder。　Dufour　has　detailed　a　case　of　a　young　man　of　twenty　whose　sacral　region　contained　a　tuft　of　hair　as　long　and　black；　thick　and　pliant；　as　that　of　the　head；　and；　particularly　remarkable　in　this　case；　the　skin　from　which　it　grew　was　as　fine　and　white　as　the　integument　of　the　rest　of　the　body。　There　was　a　woman　exhibited　recently；　under　the　advertisement　of　〃the　lady　with　a　mane；〃　who　had　growing　from　the　center　of　her　back　between　the　shoulders　a　veritable　mane　of　long；　black　hair；　which　doubtless　proceeded　from　a　form　of　naevus。

Duyse　reports　a　case　of　extensive　hypertrichosis　of　the　back　in　a　girl　aged　nine　years；　her　teeth　were　normal；　there　was　pigmentation　of　the　back　and　numerous　pigmentary　nevi　on　the　face。　Below　each　scapula　there　were　tumors　of　the　nature　of　fibroma　molluscum。　In　addition　to　hairy　nevi　on　the　other　parts　of　the　body　there　was　localized　ichthyosis。

Ziemssen　figures　an　interesting　case　of　naevus　pilosus　resembling　〃bathing　tights〃。　There　were　also　present　several　benign　tumors　（fibroma　molluscum）　and　numerous　smaller　nevi　over　the　body。　Schulz　first　observed　the　patient　in　1878。　This　individual's　name　was　Blake；　and　he　stated　that　he　was　born　with　a　large　naevus　spreading　over　the　upper　parts　of　the　thighs　and　lower　parts　of　the　trunk；　like　bathing…tights；　and　resembling　the　pelt　of　an　animal。　The　same　was　true　of　the　small　hairy　parts　and　the　larger　and　smaller　tumors。　Subsequently　the　altered　portions　of　the　skin　had　gradually　become　somewhat　larger。　The　skin　of　the　large　hairy　naevus；　as　well　as　that　of　the　smaller　ones；　was　stated　by　Schulz　to　have　been　in　the　main　thickened；　in　part　uneven；　verrucose；　from　very　light　to　intensely　dark　brown　in　color；　the　consistency　of　the　larger　mammiform　and　smaller　tumors　soft；　doughy；　and　elastic。　The　case　was　really　one　of　large　con