anomalies and curiosities of medicine-第56部分

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ler　tumors　soft；　doughy；　and　elastic。　The　case　was　really　one　of　large　congenital　naevus　pilosus　and　fibroma　molluscum　combined。

A　Peruvian　boy　was　shown　at　the　Westminster　Aquarium　with　a　dark；　hairy　mole　situated　in　the　lower　part　of　the　trunk　and　on　the　thighs　in　the　position　of　bathing　tights。　Nevins　Hyde　records　two　similar　cases　with　dermatolytic　growths。　A　sister　of　the　Peruvian　boy　referred　to　had　a　still　larger　growth；　extending　from　the　nucha　all　over　the　back。　Both　she　and　her　brother　had　hundreds　of　smaller　hairy　growths　of　all　sizes　scattered　irregularly　over　the　face；　trunk；　and　limbs。　According　to　Crocker；　a　still　more　extraordinary　case；　with　extensive　dermatolytic　growths　all　over　the　back　and　nevi　of　all　sizes　elsewhere；　is　described　and　engraved　in　〃Lavater's　Physiognomy；〃　1848。　Baker　describes　an　operation　in　which　a　large　mole　occupying　half　the　forehead　was　removed　by　the　knife。

In　some　instances　the　hair　and　beard　is　of　an　enormous　length。　Erasmus　Wilson　of　London　saw　a　female　of　thirty…eight；　whose　hair　measured　1。65　meters　long。　Leonard　of　Philadelphia　speaks　of　a　man　in　the　interior　of　this　country　whose　beard　trailed　on　the　ground　when　he　stood　upright；　and　measured　2。24　meters　long。　Not　long　ago　there　appeared　the　famous　so…called　〃Seven　Sutherland　Sisters；〃　whose　hair　touched　the　ground；　and　with　whom　nearly　every　one　is　familiar　through　a　hair　tonic　which　they　extensively　advertised。　In　Nature；　January　9；　1892；　is　an　account　of　a　Percheron　horse　whose　mane　measured　13　feet　and　whose　tail　measured　almost　ten　feet；　probably　the　greatest　example　of　excessive　mane　development　on　record。　Figure　88　represents　Miss　Owens；　an　exhibitionist；　whose　hair　measured　eight　feet　three　inches。　In　Leslie's　Weekly；　January　2；　1896；　there　is　a　portrait　of　an　old　negress　named　Nancy　Garrison　whose　woolly　hair　was　equally　as　long。

The　Ephemerides　contains　the　account　of　a　woman　who　had　hair　from　the　mons　veneris　which　hung　to　the　knees；　it　was　affected　with　plica　polonica；　as　was　also　the　other　hair　of　the　body。

Rayer　saw　a　Piedmontese　of　twenty…eight；　with　an　athletic　build；　who　had　but　little　beard　or　hair　on　the　trunk；　but　whose　scalp　was　covered　with　a　most　extraordinary　crop。　It　was　extremely　fine　and　silky；　was　artificially　frizzled；　dark　brown　in　color；　and　formed　a　mass　nearly　five　feet　in　circumference。

Certain　pathologic　conditions　may　give　rise　to　accidental　growths　of　hair。　Boyer　was　accustomed　to　quote　in　his　lectures　the　case　of　a　man　who；　having　an　inflamed　tumor　in　the　thigh；　perceived　this　part　becoming　covered　in　a　short　time　with　numerous　long　hairs。　Rayer　speaks　of　several　instances　of　this　kind。　In　one　the　part　affected　by　a　blister　in　a　child　of　two　became　covered　with　hair。　Another　instance　was　that　of　a　student　of　medicine；　who　after　bathing　in　the　sea　for　a　length　of　time；　and　exposing　himself　to　the　hot　sun；　became　affected　with　coppery　patches；　from　which　there　sprang　a　growth　of　hair。　Bricheteau；　quoted　by　the　same　authority；　speaks　of　a　woman　of　twenty…four；　having　white　skin　and　hair　of　deep　black；　who　after　a　long　illness　occasioned　by　an　affection　analogous　to　marasmus　became　covered；　especially　on　the　back；　breast；　and　abdomen；　with　a　multitude　of　small　elevations　similar　to　those　which　appear　on　exposure　to　cold。　These　little　elevations　became　brownish　at　the　end　of　a　few　days；　and　short；　fair；　silky　hair　was　observed　on　the　summit　of　each；　which　grew　so　rapidly　that　the　whole　surface　of　the　body　with　the　exception　of　the　hands　and　face　became　velvety。　The　hair　thus　evolved　was　afterward　thrown　out　spontaneously　and　was　not　afterward　reproduced。

Anomalies　of　the　Color　of　the　Hair。New…born　infants　sometimes　have　tufts　of　hair　on　their　heads　which　are　perfectly　white　in　color。　Schenck　speaks　of　a　young　man　whose　beard　from　its　first　appearance　grew　white。　Young　men　from　eighteen　to　twenty　occasionally　become　gray；　and　according　to　Rayer；　paroxysms　of　rage；　unexpected　and　unwelcome　news；　diseases　of　the　scalp　such　as　favus；　wounds　of　the　head；　habitual　headache；　over…indulgence　of　the　sexual　appetite；　mercurial　courses　too　frequently　repeated；　too　great　anxiety；　etc。；　have　been　known　to　blanch　the　hair　prematurely。

The　well…accepted　fact　of　the　sudden　changing　of　the　color　of　the　hair　from　violent　emotions　or　other　causes　has　always　excited　great　interest；　and　many　ingenious　explanations　have　been　devised　to　account　for　it。　There　is　a　record　in　the　time　of　Charles　V　of　a　young　man　who　was　committed　to　prison　in　1546　for　seducing　his　girl　companion；　and　while　there　was　in　great　fear　and　grief；　expecting　a　death…sentence　from　the　Emperor　the　next　day。　When　brought　before　his　judge；　his　face　was　wan　and　pale　and　his　hair　and　beard　gray；　the　change　having　taken　place　in　the　night。　His　beard　was　filthy　with　drivel；　and　the　Emperor；　moved　by　his　pitiful　condition；　pardoned　him。　There　was　a　clergyman　of　Nottingham　whose　daughter　at　the　age　of　thirteen　experienced　a　change　from　jet…blackness　of　the　hair　to　white　in　a　single　night；　but　this　was　confined　to　a　spot　on　the　back　of　the　head　1　1/2　inches　in　length。　Her　hair　soon　became　striped；　and　in　seven　years　was　totally　white。　The　same　article　speaks　of　a　girl　in　Bedfordshire；　Maria　Seeley；　aged　eight；　whose　face　was　swarthy；　and　whose　hair　was　long　and　dark　on　one　side　and　light　and　short　on　the　other。　One　side　of　her　body　was　also　brown；　while　the　other　side　was　light　and　fair。　She　was　seen　by　the　faculty　in　London；　but　no　cause　could　be　established。

Voigtel　mentions　the　occurrence　of　canities　almost　suddenly。　Bichat　had　a　personal　acquaintance　whose　hair　became　almost　entirely　gray　in　consequence　of　some　distressing　news　that　reached　him。　Cassan　records　a　similar　case。　According　to　Rayer；　a　woman　by　the　name　of　Perat；　summoned　before　the　Chamber　of　Peers　to　give　evidence　in　the　trial　of　the　assassin　Louvel；　was　so　much　affected　that　her　hair　became　entirely　white　in　a　single　night　Byron　makes　mention　of　this　peculiar　anomaly　in　the　opening　stanzas　of　the　〃Prisoner　of　Chillon：〃

〃My　hair　is　gray；　but　not　with　years；　　Nor　grew　it　white　　In　a　single　night。　　As　men's　have　grown　from　sudden　fears。〃

The　commentators　say　that　Byron　had　reference　to　Ludovico　Sforza　and　others。　The　fact　of　the　change　is　asserted　of　Marie　Antoinette；　the　wife　of　Louis　XVI；　though　in　not　quite　so　short　a　period；　grief　and　not　fear　being　the　cause。　Ziemssen　cites　Landois'　case　of　a　compositor　of　thirty…four　who　was　admitted　to　a　hospital　July　9th　with　symptoms　of　delirium　tremens；　until　improvement　began　to　set　in　（July　13th）　he　was　continually　tormented　by　terrifying　pictures　of　the　imagination。　In　the　night　preceding　the　day　last　mentioned　the　hair　of　the　head　and　beard　of　the　patient；　formerly　blond；　became　gray。　Accurate　examination　by　Landois　showed　the　pigment　contents　of　the　hair　to　be　unchanged；　and　led　him　to　believe　that　the　white　color　was　solely　due　to　the　excessive　development　of　air…bubbles　in　the　hair　shaft。　Popular　belief　brings　the　premature　and　especially　the　sudden　whitening　into　connection　with　depressing　mental　emotions。　We　might　quote　the　German　expression〃Sich　graue　Haare　etwas　wachsen　lassen〃　（〃To　worry　one's　self　gray〃）。　Brown…Sequard　observed　on　several　occasions　in　his　own　dark　beard　hairs　which　had　turned　white　in　a　night　and　which　he　epileptoid。　He　closes　his　brief　communication　on　the　subject　with　the　belief　that　it　is　quite　possible　for　black　hair　to　turn　white　in　one　night　or　even　in　a　less　time；　although　Hebra　and　Kaposi　discredit　sudden　canities　（Duhring）。　Raymond　and　Vulpian　observed　a　lady　of　neurotic　type　whose　hair　during　a　severe　paroxysm　of　neuralgia　following　a　mental　strain　changed　color　in　five　hours　over　the　entire　scalp　except　on　the　back　and　sides；　most　of　the　hair　changed　from　black　to　red；　but　some　to　quite　white；　and　in　two　days　all　the　red　hair　became　white　and　a　quantity　fell　off。　The　patient　recovered　her　general　health；　but　with　almost　total　loss　of　hair；　only　a　few　red；　white；　and　black　hairs　remaining　on　the　occipital　and　temporal　regions。　Crocker　cites　the　case　of　a　Spanish　cock　which　was　nearly　killed　by　some　pigs。　The　morning　after　the　adventure　the　feathers　of　the　head　had　become　completely　white；　and　about　half　of　those　on　the　back　of　the　neck　were　also　changed。

Dewees　reports　a　case　of　puerperal　convulsions　in　a　patient　under　his　care　which　was　attended　with　sudden　canities。　From　10　A。M。　to　4　P。M。　50　ounces　of　blood　were　taken。　Between　the　time　of　Dr。　Dewees'　visits；　not　more　than　an　hour；　the　hair　anterior　to　the　coronal　suture　turned　white。　The　next　day　it　was　less　light；　and　in　four　or　five　days　was　nearly　its　natural　color。　He　also　mentions　two　cases　of　sudden　blanching　from　fright。

Fowler　mentions　the　case　of　a　healthy　girl　of　sixteen　who　found　one　morning　while　combing　her　hair；　which　was　black；　that　a　strip　the　whole　length　of　the　back　hair　was　white；　starting　from　a　surface　about　two　inches　square　around　the　occipital　protuberance。　Two　weeks　later　she　had　patches　of　ephelis　over　the　whole　body。

Prentiss；　in　Science；　October　3；　1890；　has　collected　numerous　instances　of　sudden　canities；　several　of　which　will　be　given：

〃In　the　Canada　Journal　of　Medical　Science；　1882；　p。　113；　is　reported　a　case　of　sudden　canities　due　to　business…worry。　The　microscope　showed　a　great　many　air…vesicles　both　in　the　medullary　substance　and　between　the　medullary　and　cortical　substance。

〃In　the　Boston　Medical　and　Surgical　Journal；　1851；　is　reported　a　case　of　a　man　thirty　years　old；　whose　hair　'was　scared'　white　in　a　day　by　a　grizzly　bear。　He　was　sick　in　a　mining　camp；　was　left　alone；　and　fell　asleep。　On　waking　he　found　a　grizzly　bear　standing　over　him。

〃A　second　case　is　that　of　a　man　of　twenty…three　years　who　was　gambling　in　California。　He　placed　his　entire　savings　of　1100　on　the　turn　of　a　card。　He　was　under　tremendous　nervous　excitement　while　the　cards　were　being　dealt。　The　next　day　his　hair　was　perfectly　white。

〃In　the　same　article　is　the　statement　that　the　jet…black　hair　of　the　Pacific　Islanders　does　not　turn　gray　gradually；　but　when　it　does　turn　it　is　sudden；　usually　the　result　of　fright　or　sudden　emotions。〃

D'Alben；　quoted　by　Fournier；　describes　a　young　man　of　twenty…four；　an　officer　in　the