anomalies and curiosities of medicine-第57部分

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n　emotions。〃

D'Alben；　quoted　by　Fournier；　describes　a　young　man　of　twenty…four；　an　officer　in　the　regiment　of　Touraine　in　1781；　who　spent　the　night　in　carnal　dissipation　with　a　mulatto；　after　which　he　had　violent　spasms；　rendering　flexion　of　the　body　impossible。　His　beard　and　hair　on　the　right　side　of　the　body　was　found　as　white　as　snow；　the　left　side　being　unchanged。　He　appeared　before　the　Faculte　de　Montpelier；　and　though　cured　of　his　nervous　symptoms　his　hair　was　still　white；　and　no　suggestion　of　relief　was　offered　him。

Louis　of　Bavaria；　who　died　in　1294；　on　learning　of　the　innocence　of　his　wife；　whom　he　had　put　to　death　on　a　suspicion　of　her　infidelity；　had　a　change　of　color　in　his　hair；　which　became　white　almost　immediately。　Vauvilliers；　the　celebrated　Hellenist；　became　white…haired　almost　immediately　after　a　terrible　dream；　and　Brizard；　the　comedian；　experienced　the　same　change　after　a　narrow　escape　from　drowning　in　the　Rhone。　The　beard　and　the　hair　of　the　Duke　of　Brunswick　whitened　in　twenty…four　hours　after　hearing　that　his　father　had　been　mortally　wounded　at　the　battle　of　Auerstadt。

De　Schweinitz　speaks　of　a　well…formed　and　healthy　brunette　of　eighteen　in　whom　the　middle　portion　of　the　cilia　of　the　right　upper　eyelid　and　a　number　of　the　hairs　of　the　lower　lid　turned　white　in　a　week。　Both　eyes　were　myopic；　but　no　other　cause　could　be　assigned。　Another　similar　case　is　cited　by　Hirshberg；　and　the　authors　have　seen　similar　cases。　Thornton　of　Margate　records　the　case　of　a　lady　in　whom　the　hair　of　the　left　eyebrow　and　eyelashes　began　to　turn　white　after　a　fortnight　of　sudden　grief；　and　within　a　week　all　the　hair　of　these　regions　was　quite　white　and　remained　so。　No　other　part　was　affected　nor　was　there　any　other　symptom。　After　a　traumatic　ophthalmitis　of　the　left　and　sympathetic　inflammation　of　the　right　eye　in　a　boy　of　nine；　Schenck　observed　that　a　group　of　cilia　of　the　right　upper　lid　and　nearly　all　the　lashes　of　the　upper　lid　of　the　left　eye；　which　had　been　enucleated；　turned　silvery…white　in　a　short　time。　Ludwig　has　known　the　eyelashes　to　become　white　after　small…pox。　Communications　are　also　on　record　of　local　decolorization　of　the　eyebrows　and　lashes　in　neuralgias　of　isolated　branches　of　the　trigeminus；　especially　of　the　supraorbital　nerve。

Temporary　and　Partial　Canities。Of　special　interest　are　those　cases　in　which　whiteness　of　the　hair　is　only　temporary。　Thus；　Compagne　mentions　a　case　in　which　the　black　hair　of　a　woman　of　thirty…six　began　to　fade　on　the　twenty…third　day　of　a　malignant　fever；　and　on　the　sixth　day　following　was　perfectly　white；　but　on　the　seventh　day　the　hairs　became　darker　again；　and　on　the　fourteenth　day　after　the　change　they　had　become　as　black　as　they　were　originally。　Wilson　records　a　case　in　which　the　hair　lost　its　color　in　winter　and　regained　it　in　summer。　Sir　John　Forbes；　according　to　Crocker；　had　gray　hair　for　a　long　time；　then　suddenly　it　all　turned　white；　and　after　remaining　so　for　a　year　it　returned　to　its　original　gray。

Grayness　of　the　hair　is　sometimes　only　partial。　According　to　Crocker　an　adult　whose　hair　was　generally　brown　had　a　tuft　of　white　hair　over　the　temple；　and　several　like　cases　are　on　record。　Lorry　tells　us　that　grayness　of　one　side　only　is　sometimes　occasioned　by　severe　headache。　Hagedorn　has　known　the　beard　to　be　black　in　one　place　and　white　in　another。　Brandis　mentions　the　hair　becoming　white　on　one　side　of　the　face　while　it　continued　of　its　former　color　on　the　other。　Rayer　quotes　cases　of　canities　of　the　whole　of　one　side　of　the　body。

Richelot　observed　white　mottling　of　hair　in　a　girl　sick　with　chlorosis。　The　whitening　extended　from　the　roots　to　a　distance　of　two　inches。　The　probable　cause　was　a　temporary　alteration　of　the　pigment…forming　function。　When　the　chlorosis　was　cured　the　natural　color　returned。　Paullini　and　Riedlin；　as　well　as　the　Ephemerides；　speak　of　different　colored　hair　in　the　same　head；　and　it　is　not　at　all　rare　to　see　individuals　with　an　anomalously　colored　patch　of　hair　on　the　head。　The　members　of　the　ancient　house　of　Rohan　were　said　to　possess　a　tuft　of　white　hair　on　the　front　of　their　heads。

Michelson　of　Konigsberg　describes　a　curious　case　in　a　barrister　of　twenty…three　affected　with　partial　canities。　In　the　family　of　both　parents　there　was　stated　to　be　congenital　premature　canities；　and　some　white　hairs　had　been　observed　even　in　childhood。　In　the　fifteenth　year；　after　a　grave　attack　of　scarlet　fever；　the　hair　to　a　great　extent　fell　out。　The　succeeding　growth　of　hair　was　stated　to　have　been　throughout　lighter　in　tissue　and　color　and　fissured　at　the　points。　Soon　after　bunches　of　white　hair　appeared　on　the　occiput；　and　in　the　succeeding　years　small　patches　of　decolored　hairs　were　observed　also　on　the　anterior　and　lateral　portions　of　the　scalp。　In　the　spring　of　1880　the　patient　exhibited　signs　of　infiltration　of　the　apex　of　the　right　lung；　and　afterward　a　violent　headache　came　on。　At　the　time　of　the　report　the　patient　presented　the　appearance　shown　in　Figure　89。　The　complexion　was　delicate　throughout；　the　eyelashes　and　eyelids　dark　brown；　the　moustache　and　whiskers　blond；　and　in　the　latter　were　a　few　groups　of　white　hair。　The　white　patches　were　chiefly　on　the　left　side　of　the　head。　The　hairs　growing　on　them　were　unpigmented；　but　otherwise　normal。　The　patient　stated　that　his　head　never　sweated。　He　was　stout　and　exhibited　no　signs　of　internal　disease；　except　at　the　apex　of　the　right　lung。

Anomalous　Color　Changes　of　the　Hair。The　hair　is　liable　to　undergo　certain　changes　of　color　connected　with　some　modification　of　that　part　of　the　bulb　secreting　its　coloring…matter。　Alibert；　quoted　by　Rayer；　gives　us　a　report　of　the　case　of　a　young　lady　who；　after　a　severe　fever　which　followed　a　very　difficult　labor；　lost　a　fine　head　of　hair　during　a　discharge　of　viscid　fluid；　which　inundated　the　head　in　every　part。　He　tells　us；　further；　that　the　hair　grew　again　of　a　deep　black　color　after　the　recovery　of　the　patient。　The　same　writer　tells　of　the　case　of　James　B；　born　with　brown　hair；　who；　having　lost　it　all　during　the　course　of　a　sickness；　had　it　replaced　with　a　crop　of　the　brightest　red。　White　and　gray　hair　has　also；　under　peculiar　circumstances；　been　replaced　by　hair　of　the　same　color　as　the　individual　had　in　youth。　We　are　even　assured　by　Bruley　that　in　1798　the　white　hair　of　a　woman　sixty　years　of　age　changed　to　black　a　few　days　before　her　death。　The　bulbs　in　this　case　were　found　of　great　size；　and　appeared　gorged　with　a　substance　from　which　the　hair　derived　its　color。　The　white　hairs　that　remained；　on　the　contrary；　grew　from　shriveled　bulbs　much　smaller　than　those　producing　the　black。　This　patient　died　of　phthisis。　

A　very　singular　case；　published　early　in　the　century；　was　that　of　a　woman　whose　hair；　naturally　fair；　assumed　a　tawny　red　color　as　often　as　she　was　affected　with　a　certain　fever；　and　returned　to　its　natural　hue　as　soon　as　the　symptoms　abated。　Villerme　alludes　to　the　case　of　a　young　lady；　sixteen　years　of　age；　who　had　never　suffered　except　from　trifling　headaches；　and　who；　in　the　winter　of　1817；　perceived　that　the　hair　began　to　fall　out　from　several　parts　of　her　head；　so　that　before　six　months　were　over　she　became　entirely　bald。　In　the　beginning　of　January；　1819；　her　head　became　covered　with　a　kind　of　black　wool　over　those　places　that　were　first　denuded；　and　light　brown　hair　began　to　develop　from　the　rest　of　the　scalp。　Some　of　this　fell　out　again　when　it　had　grown　from　three　to　four　inches；　the　rest　changed　color　at　different　distances　from　its　end　and　grew　of　a　chestnut　color　from　the　roots。　The　hair；　half　black；　half　chestnut；　had　a　very　singular　appearance。

Alibert　and　Beigel　relate　cases　of　women　with　blond　hair　which　all　came　off　after　a　severe　fever　（typhus　in　one　case）；　and　when　it　grew　again　it　was　quite　black。　Alibert　also　saw　a　young　man　who　lost　his　brown　hair　after　an　illness；　and　after　restoration　it　became　red。　According　to　Crocker；　in　an　idiotic　girl　of　epileptic　type　（in　an　asylum　at　Edinburgh）；　with　alternating　phases　of　stupidity　and　excitement；　the　hair　in　the　stupid　phase　was　blond　and　in　the　excited　condition　red。　The　change　of　color　took　place　in　the　course　of　two　or　three　days；　beginning　first　at　the　free　ends；　and　remaining　of　the　same　tint　for　seven　or　eight　days。　The　pale　hairs　had　more　air…spaces　than　the　darker　ones。　There　was　much　structural　change　in　the　brain　and　spinal　cord。　Smyly　of　Dublin　reported　a　case　of　suppurative　disease　of　the　temporal　bone；　in　which　the　hair　changed　from　a　mouse…color　to　a　reddish…brown；　and　Squire　records　a　congenital　case　in　a　deaf　mute；　in　whom　the　hair　on　the　left　side　was　in　light　patches　of　true　auburn　and　dark　patches　of　dark　brown　like　a　tortoise…shell　cap；　on　the　other　side　the　hair　was　a　dark　brown。　Crocker　mentions　the　changes　which　have　occurred　in　rare　instances　after　death　from　dark　brown　to　red。

Chemic　colorations　of　various　tints　occur。　Blue　hair　is　seen　in　workers　in　cobalt　mines　and　indigo　works；　green　hair　in　copper　smelters；　deep　red…brown　hair　in　handlers　of　crude　anilin；　and　the　hair　is　dyed　a　purplish…brown　whenever　chrysarobin　applications　used　on　a　scalp　come　in　contact　with　an　alkali；　as　when　washed　with　soap。　Among　such　cases　in　older　literature　Blanchard　and　Marcellus　Donatus　speak　of　green　hair；　Rosse　saw　two　instances　of　the　same；　for　one　of　which　he　could　find　no　cause；　the　other　patient　worked　in　a　brass　foundry。

Many　curious　causes　are　given　for　alopecia。　Gilibert　and　Merlet　mention　sexual　excess；　Marcellus　Donatus　gives　fear；　the　Ephemerides　speaks　of　baldness　from　fright；　and　Leo　Africanus；　in　his　description　of　Barbary；　describes　endemic　baldness。　Neyronis　makes　the　following　observation：　A　man　of　seventy…three；　convalescent　from　a　fever；　one　morning；　about　six　months　after　recovery　perceived　that　he　had　lost　all　his　hair；　even　his　eyelashes；　eyebrows；　nostril…hairs；　etc。　Although　his　health　continued　good；　the　hair　was　never　renewed。

The　principal　anomalies　of　the　nails　observed　are　absence；　hypertrophy；　and　displacement　of　these　organs。　Some　persons　are　born　with　finger…nails　and　toe…nails　either　very　rudimentary　or　entirely　absent；　in　others　they　are　of　great　length　and　thickness。　The　Chinese　nobility　allow　their　finger…nails　to　grow　to　a　great