anomalies and curiosities of medicine-第90部分

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g　chiefly　among　the　poor。　At　one　time　he　practiced　in　India。　He　has　taken　alcoholic　beverages　and　smoked　tobacco　since　his　youth；　although　in　moderation。　His　father；　it　is　added；　died　at　the　age　of　one　hundred　and　eight。　Mr。　William　R。　Salmon；　living　near　Cowbridge；　Glamorganshire；　recently　celebrated　his　one　hundred　and　sixth　birthday。　Mr。　Salmon　was　born　at　Wickham　Market　in　1790；　and　became　a　member　of　the　Royal　College　of　Surgeons　in　1809；　the　year　in　which　Gladstone　was　born。　He　died　April　11；　1896。　In　reference　to　this　wonderful　old　physician　the　Journal　of　the　American　Medical　Association；　1896；　page　995；　says

〃William　Reynold　Salmon；　M。R。C。S。；　of　Penllyn　Court；　Cowbridge；　Glamorganshire；　South　Wales；　completed　his　one　hundred　and　sixth　year　on　March　16th；　and　died　on　the　11th　of　the　present　monthat　the　time　of　his　death　the　oldest　known　individual　of　indisputably　authenticated　age；　the　oldest　physician；　the　oldest　member　of　the　Royal　College　of　Surgeons；　England；　and　the　oldest　Freemason　in　the　world。　His　age　does　not　rest　upon　tradition　or　repute。　He　was　the　son　of　a　successful　and　esteemed　practicing　physician　of　Market　Wickham；　Suffolk；　England；　and　there　is　in　the　possession　of　his　two　surviving　relatives；　who　cared　for　his　household　for　many　years；　his　mother's　diary；　in　which　is　inscribed　in　the　handwriting　of　a　lady　of　the　eighteenth　century；　under　the　date；　Tuesday；　March　16；　1790；　a　prayer　of　thankfulness　to　God　that　she　had　passed　her　'tryall；'　and　that　a　son　was　born；　who　she　hoped　'would　prosper；　be　a　support　to　his　parents；　and　make　virtue　his　chief　pursuit。'　The　Royal　College　of　Surgeons　verified　this　record　many　years　ago；　and　it　was　subsequently　again　authenticated　by　the　authorities　of　the　Freemasons；　who　thereupon　enshrined　his　portrait　in　their　gallery　as　the　oldest　living　Freemason。　The　Salmon　family　moved　to　Cowbridge　in　1796；　so　that　the　doctor　had　lived　exactly　a　century　in　the　lovely　and　poetic　Vale　of　Glamorgan；　in　the　very　heart　of　which　Penllyn　Court　is　situated。　Here　on　his　one　hundred　and　sixth　birthdaya　man　of　over　middle　height；　with　still　long；　flowing　hair；　Druidical　beard　and　mustache；　and　bushy　eyebrowsDr。　Salmon　was　visited　by　one　who　writes：

〃　'Seen　a　few　days　ago；　the　Patriarch　of　Penllyn　Court　was　hale　and　hearty。　He　eats　well　and　sleeps　well　and　was　feeling　better　than　he　had　felt　for　the　last　five　years。　On　that　day　he　rose　at　noon；　dined　at　six；　and　retired　at　nine。　Drank　two　glasses　of　port　with　his　dinner；　but　did　not　smoke。　He　abandoned　his　favorite　weed　at　the　age　of　ninety；　and　had　to　discontinue　his　drives　over　his　beautiful　estate　in　his　one　hundredth　year。　One　day　is　much　the　same　as　another；　for　he　gives　his　two　relatives　little　trouble　in　attending　upon　his　wants。　Dr。　Salmon　has　not　discovered　the　elixir　of　life；　for　the　shadows　of　life's　evening　are　stealing　slowly　over　him。　He　cannot　move　about；　his　hearing　is　dulled；　and　the　light　is　almost　shut　out　from　the　〃windows　of　his　soul。〃　Let　us　think　of　this　remarkable　man　waiting　for　death　uncomplainingly　in　his　old…fashioned　mansion；　surrounded　by　the　beautiful　foliage　and　the　broad　expanse　of　green　fields　that　he　loved　so　much　to　roam　when　a　younger　man；　in　that　sylvan　Sleepy　Hollow　in　the　Vale　of　Glamorgan。'

〃Eight　weeks　later　he；　who　in　youth　had　been　'the　youngest　surgeon　in　the　army；　died；　the　oldest　physician　in　the　world。〃

Dr。　William　Hotchkiss；　said　to　have　reached　the　age　of　one　hundred　and　forty　years；　died　in　St。　Louis　April　1；　1895。　He　went　to　St。　Louis　forty　years　ago；　and　has　always　been　known　as　the　〃color　doctor。〃　In　his　peculiar　practice　of　medicine　he　termed　his　patients　members　of　his　〃circles；〃　and　claimed　to　treat　them　by　a　magnetic　process。　Dr。　A。　J。　Buck　says　that　his　Masonic　record　has　been　traced　back　one　hundred　years；　showing　conclusively　that　he　was　one　hundred　and　twenty…one　years　old。　A　letter　received　from　his　old　home　in　Virginia；　over　a　year　ago；　says　that　he　was　born　there　in　1755。

It　is　comforting　to　the　members　of　our　profession；　in　which　the　average　of　life　is　usually　so　low；　to　be　able　to　point　out　exceptions。　It　has　been　aptly　said　of　physicians　in　general：　〃Aliis　inserviendo　consumuntur；　aliis　medendo　moriuntur；〃　or　〃In　serving　others　they　are　consumed；　in　healing　others　they　are　destroyed。〃

Recent　Instances　of　Longevity。There　was　a　man　who　died　in　Spain　at　the　advanced　age　of　one　hundred　and　fifty…one；　which　is　the　most　extraordinary　instance　from　that　country。　It　is　reported　that　quite　recently　a　Chinese　centenarian　passed　the　examination　for　the　highest　place　in　the　Academy　of　Mandarins。　Chevreul；　born　in　1786；　at　Angers；　has　only　recently　died　after　an　active　life　in　chemical　investigation。　Sir　Moses　Montefiore　is　a　recent　example　of　an　active　centenarian。

In　the　New　York　Herald　of　April　21；　1895；　is　a　description　and　a　portrait　of　Noah　Raby　of　the　Piscataway　Poor　Farm　of　New　Jersey；　to　whom　was　ascribed　one　hundred　and　twenty…three　years。　He　was　discharged　from　active　duty　on　the　〃Brandywine；〃　U。S。N。；　eighty…three　years　ago。　He　relates　having　heard　George　Washington　speak　at　Washington　and　at　Portsmouth　while　his　ship　was　in　those　places。　The　same　journal　also　says　that　at　Wichita；　Kansas；　there　appeared　at　a　municipal　election　an　old　negress　named　Mrs。　Harriet　McMurray；　who　gave　her　age　as　one　hundred　and　fifteen。　She　had　been　a　slave；　and　asserted　that　once　on　a　visit　to　Alexandria　with　her　master　she　had　seen　General　Washington。　From　the　Indian　Medical　Record　we　learn　that　Lieutenant　Nicholas　Lavin　of　the　Grand　Armee　died　several　years　ago　at　the　age　of　one　hundred　and　twenty…five；　leaving　a　daughter　of　seventy…eight。　He　was　born　in　Paris　in　1768；　served　as　a　hussar　in　several　campaigns；　and　was　taken　a　prisoner　during　the　retreat　from　Moscow。　After　his　liberation　he　married　and　made　his　residence　in　Saratoff。



CHAPTER　IX。

PHYSIOLOGIC　AND　FUNCTIONAL　ANOMALIES。

In　considering　the　anomalies　of　the　secretions；　it　must　be　remembered　that　the　ingestion　of　certain　kinds　of　food　and　the　administration　of　peculiar　drugs　in　medicine　have　a　marked　influence　in　coloring　secretions。　Probably　the　most　interesting　of　all　these　anomalies　is　the　class　in　which；　by　a　compensatory　process；　metastasis　of　the　secretions　is　noticed。

Colored　Saliva。Among　the　older　writers　the　Ephemerides　contains　an　account　of　blue　saliva；　Huxham　speaks　of　green　saliva；　Marcellus　Donatus　of　yellow；　and　Peterman　relates　the　history　of　a　case　of　yellow　saliva。　Dickinson　describes　a　woman　of　sixty　whose　saliva　was　blue；　besides　this　nothing　was　definitely　the　matter　with　her。　It　seemed　however；　that　the　color　was　due　to　some　chemic…pencil　poisoning　rather　than　to　a　pathologic　process。　A　piece　of　this　aniline　pencil　was　caught　in　the　false　teeth。　Paget　cites　an　instance　of　blue　saliva　due　to　staining　the　tongue　in　the　same　manner。　Most　cases　of　anomalous　coloring　of　this　kind　can　be　subsequently　traced　to　artificial　substances　unconsciously　introduced。　Crocker　mentions　a　woman　who　on　washing　her　hands　constantly　found　that　the　water　was　stained　blue；　but　this　was　subsequently　traced　to　the　accidental　introduction　of　an　orchid　leaf。　In　another　instance　there　was　a　woman　whose　linen　was　at　every　change　stained　brown；　this；　however；　was　found　to　be　due　to　a　hair…wash　that　she　was　in　the　habit　of　using。

Among　the　older　writers　who　have　mentioned　abnormal　modes　of　exit　of　the　urine　is　Baux；　who　mentions　urine　from　the　nipples；　Paullini　and　the　Ephemerides　describe　instances　of　urination　from　the　eyes。　Blancard；　the　Ephemerides；　Sorbalt；　and　Vallisneri　speak　of　urination　by　the　mouth。　Arnold　relates　the　history　of　a　case　of　dysuria　in　which　urine　was　discharged　from　the　nose；　breasts；　ears；　and　umbilicus；　the　woman　was　twenty…seven　years　old；　and　the　dysuria　was　caused　by　a　prolapsed　uterus。　There　was　an　instance　of　anomalous　discharge　of　urine　from　the　body　reported　in　Philadelphia　many　years　ago　which　led　to　animated　discussion。　A　case　of　dysuria　in　which　the　patient　discharged　urine　from　the　stomach　was　reported　early　in　this　century　from　Germany。　The　patient　could　feel　the　accumulation　of　urine　by　burning　pain　in　the　epigastrium。　Suddenly　the　pain　would　move　to　the　soles　of　the　feet；　she　would　become　nauseated；　and　large　quantities　of　urine　would　soon　be　vomited。　There　was　reported　the　case　of　an　hysterical　female　who　had　convulsions　and　mania；　alternating　with　anuria　of　a　peculiar　nature　and　lasting　seven　days。　There　was　not　a　drop　of　urine　passed　during　this　time；　but　there　were　discharges　through　the　mouth　of　alkaline　waters　with　a　strong　ammoniacal　odor。　

Senter　reports　in　a　young　woman　a　singular　case　of　ischuria　which　continued　for　more　than　three　years；　during　this　time　if　her　urine　was　not　drawn　off　with　the　catheter　she　frequently　voided　it　by　vomiting；　for　the　last　twenty　months　she　passed　much　gravel　by　the　catheter；　when　the　use　of　the　instrument　was　omitted　or　unsuccessfully　applied　the　vomitus　contained　gravel。　Carlisle　mentions　a　case　in　which　there　was　vomiting　of　a　fluid　containing　urea　and　having　the　sensible　properties　of　urine。　Curious　to　relate；　a　cure　was　effected　after　ligature　of　the　superior　thyroid　arteries　and　sloughing　of　the　thyroid　gland。　Vomiting　of　urine　is　also　mentioned　by　Coley；　Domine；　Liron；　Malago；　Zeviani；　and　Yeats。　Marsden　reports　a　case　in　which；　following　secondary　papular　syphilis　and　profuse　spontaneous　ptyalism；　there　was　vicarious　secretion　of　the　urinary　constituents　from　the　skin。

Instances　of　the　anomalous　exit　of　urine　caused　by　congenital　malformation　or　fistulous　connections　are　mentioned　in　another　chapter。　Black　urine　is　generally　caused　by　the　ingestion　of　pigmented　food　or　drugs；　such　as　carbolic　acid　and　the　anilines。　Amatus　Lusitanus；　Bartholinus；　and　the　Ephemerides　speak　of　black　urine　after　eating　grapes　or　damson　plums。　The　Ephemerides　speaks　of　black　urine　being　a　precursor　of　death；　but　Piso；　Rhodius；　and　Schenck　say　it　is　anomalous　and　seldom　a　sign　of　death。　White　urine；　commonly　known　as　chyluria；　is　frequently　seen；　and　sometimes　results　from　purulent　cystitis。　Though　containing　sediment；　the　urine　looks　as　if　full　of　milk。　A　case　of　this　kind　was　seen　in　1895　at　the　Jefferson　Medical　College　Hospital；　Philadelphia；　in　w