anomalies and curiosities of medicine-第92部分

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ebure；　Marcellus　Donatus；　Paullini；　and　Hartmann　discussing　it。　Hyperidrosis　confined　to　the　hands　and　feet　is　quite　common。

Instances　of　bloody　sweat　and　〃stigmata〃　have　been　known　through　the　ages　and　are　most　interesting　anomalies。　In　the　olden　times　there　were　people　who　represented　that　in　their　own　persons　they　realized　at　certain　periods　the　agonies　of　Gethsemane；　as　portrayed　in　medieval　art；　e。g。；　by　pictures　of　Christ　wearing　the　crown　of　thorns　in　Pilate's　judgment　hall。　Some　of　these　instances　were；　perhaps；　of　the　nature　of　compensatory　hemorrhage；　substituting　the　menses　or　periodic　hemorrhoids；　hemoptysis；　epistaxis；　etc。；　or　possibly　purpura。　Extreme　religious　frenzy　or　deep　emotions　might　have　been　the　indirect　cause　of　a　number　of　these　bleeding　zealots。　There　are　instances　on　record　in　which　fear　and　other　similar　emotions　have　caused　a　sweating　of　blood；　the　expression　〃sweating　blood〃　being　not　uncommon。

Among　the　older　writers；　Ballonius；　Marcolini；　and　Riedlin　mention　bloody　sweat。　The　Ephemerides　speaks　of　it　in　front　of　the　hypochondrium。　Paullini　observed　a　sailor　of　thirty；　who；　falling　speechless　and　faint　during　a　storm　on　the　deck　of　his　ship；　sweated　a　red　perspiration　from　his　entire　body　and　which　stained　his　clothes。　He　also　mentions　bloody　sweat　following　coitus。　Aristotle　speaks　of　bloody　sweat；　and　Pellison　describes　a　scar　which　periodically　opened　and　sweated　blood。　There　were　many　cases　like　this；　the　scars　being　usually　in　the　location　of　Christ's　wounds。

De　Thou　mentions　an　Italian　officer　who　in　1552；　during　the　war　between　Henry　II　of　France　and　Emperor　Charles　V；　was　threatened　with　public　execution；　he　became　so　agitated　that　he　sweated　blood　from　every　portion　of　the　body。　A　young　Florentine　about　to　be　put　to　death　by　an　order　of　Pope　Sixtus　V　was　so　overcome　with　grief　that　he　shed　bloody　tears　and　sweated　blood。　The　Ephemerides　contains　many　instances　of　bloody　tears　and　sweat　occasioned　by　extreme　fear；　more　especially　fear　of　death。　Mezeray　mentions　that　the　detestable　Charles　IX　of　France；　being　under　constant　agitation　and　emotion；　sank　under　a　disorder　which　was　accompanied　by　an　exudation　of　blood　from　every　pore　of　his　body。　This　was　taken　as　an　attempt　of　nature　to　cure　by　bleeding　according　to　the　theory　of　the　venesectionists。　Fabricius　Hildanus　mentions　a　child　who；　as　a　rule；　never　drank　anything　but　water；　but　once；　contrary　to　her　habit；　drank　freely　of　white　wine；　and　this　was　soon　followed　by　hemorrhage　from　the　gums；　nose；　and　skin。

There　is　a　case　also　related　of　a　woman　of　forty…five　who　had　lost　her　only　son。　One　day　she　fancied　she　beheld　him　beseeching　her　to　release　his　soul　from　purgatory　by　prayers　and　fasting　every　Friday。　The　following　Friday；　which　was　in　the　month　of　August；　and　for　five　succeeding　Fridays　she　had　a　profuse　bloody　perspiration；　the　disorder　disappearing　on　Friday；　March　8th；　of　the　following　year。　Pooley　says　that　Maldonato；　in　his　〃Commentaries　of　Four　Gospels；〃　mentions　a　healthy　and　robust　man　who　on　hearing　of　his　sentence　of　death　sweated　blood；　and　Zacchias　noted　a　similar　phenomenon　in　a　young　man　condemned　to　the　flames。　Allusion　may　also　be　made　to　St。　Luke；　who　said　of　Christ　that　in　agony　He　prayed　more　earnestly；　〃and　His　sweat　was；　as　it　were；　great　drops　of　blood　falling　down　to　the　ground。〃　

Pooley　quotes　the　case　of　a　young　woman　of　indolent　habit　who　in　a　religious　fanatical　trance　sweated　blood。　The　stigmatists　were　often　imposters　who　artificially　opened　their　scars；　and　set　the　example　for　the　really　peculiar　cases　of　bloody　sweat；　which　among　ignorant　people　was　considered　evidence　of　sympathy　with　the　agony　of　the　Cross。

Probably　the　best　studied　case　on　record　is　that　of　Louise　Lateau　of　Bois　d'Haine；　which；　according　to　Gray；　occurred　in　1869　in　a　village　of　Belgium　when　the　girl　was　at　the　age　of　twenty…three；　her　previous　life　had　offered　nothing　remarkable。　The　account　is　as　follows：　〃One　Friday　Louise　Lateau　noticed　that　blood　was　flowing　from　one　side　of　her　chest；　and　this　recurred　every　Friday。　On　each　Thursday　morning　an　oval　surface　about　one　inch　in　length　on　the　back　of　each　hand　became　pink　in　color　and　smooth；　whilst　a　similar　oval　surface　on　the　palm　of　each　hand　became　of　the　same　hue；　and　on　the　upper　surface　of　each　foot　a　pinkish…white　square　appeared。　Examined　under　a　magnifying　glass；　the　epidermis　appeared　at　first　without　solution　of　continuity　and　delicate。　About　noon　on　Thursday　a　vesicle　formed　on　the　pink　surfaces　containing　clear　serum。　In　the　night　between　Thursday　and　Friday；　usually　between　midnight　and　one　o'clock；　the　flow　of　blood　began；　the　vesicle　first　rupturing。　The　amount　of　blood　lost　during　the　so　called　stigmata　varied；　and　some　observers　estimated　it　at　about　one　and　three…quarter　pints。　The　blood　itself　was　of　a　reddish　color；　inclining　to　violet；　about　the　hue　therefore；　of　capillary　blood；　coagulating　in　the　usual　way；　and　the　white　and　red　corpuscles　being　normal　in　character　and　relative　proportion。　The　flow　ceased　on　Saturdays。　During　the　flow　of　the　blood　the　patient　was　in　a　rapt；　ecstatic　condition。　The　facial　expression　was　one　of　absorption　and　far…off　contemplation；　changing　often　to　melancholy；　terror；　to　an　attitude　of　prayer　or　contrition。　The　patient　herself　stated　that　at　the　beginning　of　the　ecstasy　she　imagined　herself　surrounded　by　a　brilliant　light；　figures　then　passed　before　her；　and　the　successive　scenes　of　the　crucifixion　were　panoramically　progressive。　She　saw　Christ　in　personHis　clothing；　His　wounds；　His　crown　of　thorns；　His　crossas　well　as　the　Apostles；　the　holy　women；　and　the　assembled　Jews。　During　the　ecstasy　the　circulation　of　the　skin　and　heart　was　regular；　although　at　times　a　sudden　flash　or　pallor　overspread　the　face；　according　with　the　play　of　the　expression。　From　midday　of　Thursdays；　when　she　took　a　frugal　meal；　until　eight　o'clock　on　Saturday　mornings　the　girl　took　no　nourishment；　not　even　water；　because　it　was　said　that　she　did　not　feel　the　want　of　it　and　could　not　retain　anything　upon　her　stomach。　During　this　time　the　ordinary　secretions　were　suspended。〃

Fournier　mentions　a　statesman　of　forty…five　who；　following　great　Cabinet　labors　during　several　years　and　after　some　worriment；　found　that　the　day　after　indulging　in　sexual　indiscretions　he　would　be　in　a　febrile　condition；　with　pains　in　the　thighs；　groins；　legs；　and　penis。　The　veins　of　these　parts　became　engorged；　and　subsequently　blood　oozed　from　them；　the　flow　lasting　several　days。　The　penis　was　the　part　most　affected。　He　was　under　observation　for　twenty　months　and　presented　the　same　phenomena　periodically；　except　that　during　the　last　few　months　they　were　diminished　in　every　respect。　Fournier　also　mentions　a　curious　case　of　diapedesis　in　a　woman　injured　by　a　cow。　The　animal　struck　her　in　the　epigastric　region；　she　fell　unconscious；　and　soon　after　vomited　great　quantities　of　blood；　and　continued　with　convulsive　efforts　of　expulsion　to　eject　blood　periodically　from　every　eight　to　fifteen　days；　losing　possibly　a　pound　at　each　paroxysm。　There　was　no　alteration　of　her　menses。　A　physician　gave　her　astringents；　which　partly　suppressed　the　vomiting；　but　the　hemorrhage　changed　to　the　skin；　and　every　day　she　sweated　blood　from　the　chest；　back　of　the　thighs；　feet；　and　the　extremities　of　the　fingers。　When　the　blood　ceased　to　flow　from　her　skin　she　lost　her　appetite；　became　oppressed；　and　was　confined　to　her　bed　for　some　days。　Itching　always　preceded　the　appearance　of　a　new　flow。　There　was　no　dermal　change　that　could　be　noticed。

Fullerton　mentions　a　girl　of　thirteen　who　had　occasional　oozing　of　blood　from　her　brow；　face；　and　the　skin　under　the　eyes。　Sometimes　a　pound　of　clots　was　found　about　her　face　and　pillow。　The　blood　first　appeared　in　a　single　clot；　and；　strange　to　say；　lumps　of　fleshy　substance　and　minute　pieces　of　bone　were　discharged　all　day。　This　latter　discharge　became　more　infrequent；　the　bone　being　replaced　by　cartilaginous　substance。　There　was　no　pain；　discoloration；　swelling；　or　soreness；　and　after　this　strange　anomaly　disappeared　menstruation　regularly　commenced。　Van　Swieten　mentions　a　young　lady　who　from　her　twelfth　year　at　her　menstrual　periods　had　hemorrhages　from　pustules　in　the　skin；　the　pustules　disappearing　in　the　interval。

Schmidt's　Jahrbucher　for　1836　gives　an　account　of　a　woman　who　had　diseased　ovaries　and　a　rectovesicovaginal　fistula；　and　though　sometimes　catamenia　appeared　at　the　proper　place　it　was　generally　arrested　and　hemorrhage　appeared　on　the　face。　Chambers　mentions　a　woman　of　twenty…seven　who　suffered　from　bloody　sweat　after　the　manner　of　the　stigmatists；　and　Petrone　mentions　a　young　man　of　healthy　antecedents；　the　sweat　from　whose　axillae　and　pubes　was　red　and　very　pungent。　Petrone　believes　it　was　due　to　a　chromogenic　micrococcus；　and　relieved　the　patient　by　the　use　of　a　five　per　cent　solution　of　caustic　potash。　Chloroform；　ether；　and　phenol　had　been　tried　without　success。　Hebra　mentions　a　young　man　in　whom　the　blood　spurted　from　the　hand　in　a　spiral　jet　corresponding　to　the　direction　of　the　duct　of　the　sweat…gland。　Wilson　refers　to　five　cases　of　bloody　sweat。

There　is　a　record　of　a　patient　who　once　or　twice　a　day　was　attacked　with　swelling　of　the　scrotum；　which　at　length　acquired　a　deep　red　color　and　a　stony　hardness；　at　which　time　the　blood　would　spring　from　a　hundred　points　and　flow　in　the　finest　streams　until　the　scrotum　was　again　empty。

Hill　describes　a　boy　of　four　who　during　the　sweating　stage　of　malaria　sweated　blood　from　the　head　and　neck。　Two　months　later　the　skin…hemorrhages　ceased　and　the　boy　died；　vomiting　blood　and　with　bloody　stools。

Postmortem　sweating　is　described　in　the　Ephemerides　and　reported　by　Hasenest　and　Schneider。　Bartholinus　speaks　of　bloody　sweat　in　a　cadaver

In　considering　the　anomalies　of　lactation　we　shall　first　discuss　those　of　color　and　then　the　extraordinary　places　of　secretion。　Black　milk　is　spoken　of　by　the　Ephemerides　and　Paullini。　Red　milk　has　been　observed　by　Cramer　and　Viger。　Green　milk　has　been　observed　by　Lanzonius；　Riverius；　and　Paullini。　The　Ephemerides　also　contains　an　account　of　green　milk。　Yellow　milk　has　been　mentioned　in　the　Ephemerides　and　its　cause　ascribed　to　eating　rhubarb。

It　is　a