anomalies and curiosities of medicine-第93部分

按键盘上方向键 ← 或 → 可快速上下翻页，按键盘上的 Enter 键可回到本书目录页，按键盘上方向键 ↑ 可回到本页顶部！
————未阅读完？加入书签已便下次继续阅读！


low　milk　has　been　mentioned　in　the　Ephemerides　and　its　cause　ascribed　to　eating　rhubarb。

It　is　a　well…known　fact　that　some　cathartics　administered　to　nursing　mothers　are　taken　from　the　breast　by　their　infants；　who；　notwithstanding　its　indirect　mode　of　administration；　exhibit　the　effects　of　the　original　drug。　The　same　is　the　case　with　some　poisons；　and　instances　of　lead…poisoning　and　arsenic…poisoning　have　been　seen　in　children　who　have　obtained　the　toxic　substance　in　the　mother's　milk。　There　is　one　singular　case　on　record　in　which　a　child　has　been　poisoned　from　the　milk　of　its　mother　after　she　had　been　bitten　by　a　serpent。　

Paullini　and　the　Ephemerides　give　instances　of　milk　appearing　in　the　perspiration；　and　there　are　numerous　varieties　of　milk…metastasis　recorded　Dolaeus　and　Nuck　mention　the　appearance　of　milk　in　the　saliva。　Autenreith　mentions　metastasis　of　milk　through　an　abdominal　abscess　to　the　thigh；　and　Balthazaar　also　mentions　excretion　of　milk　from　the　thigh。　Bourdon　mentions　milk　from　the　thigh；　labia；　and　vulva。　Klein　speaks　of　the　metastasis　of　the　milk　to　the　lochia。　Gardane　speaks　of　metastasis　to　the　lungs；　and　there　is　another　case　on　record　in　which　this　phenomenon　caused　asphyxia。　Schenck　describes　excretion　of　milk　from　the　bladder　and　uterus。　Jaeger　in　1770　at　Tubingen　describes　the　metastasis　of　milk　to　the　umbilicus；　Haen　to　the　back；　and　Schurig　to　a　wound　in　the　foot。　Knackstedt　has　seen　an　abscess　of　the　thigh　which　contained　eight　pounds　of　milk。　Hauser　gives　the　history　of　a　case　in　which　the　kidneys　secreted　milk　vicariously。

There　is　the　history　of　a　woman　who　suffered　from　metastasis　of　milk　to　the　stomach；　and　who；　with　convulsive　action　of　the　chest　and　abdomen；　vomited　it　daily。　A　peculiar　instance　of　milk　in　a　tumor　is　that　of　a　Mrs。　Reed；　who；　when　pregnant　with　twins；　developed　an　abdominal　tumor　from　which　25　pounds　of　milk　was　drawn　off。　

There　is　a　French　report　of　secretion　of　milk　in　the　scrotum　of　a　man　of　twenty…one。　The　scrotum　was　tumefied；　and　to　the　touch　gave　the　sensation　of　a　human　breast；　and　the　parts　were　pigmented　similar　to　an　engorged　breast。　Analysis　showed　the　secretion　to　have　been　true　human　milk。

Cases　of　lactation　in　the　new…born　are　not　infrequent。　Bartholinus；　Baricelli；　Muraltus；　Deusingius；　Rhodius；　Schenck；　and　Schurig　mention　instances　of　it。　Cardanus　describes　an　infant　of　one　month　whose　breasts　were　swollen　and　gave　milk　copiously。　Battersby　cites　a　description　of　a　male　child　three　weeks　old　whose　breasts　were　full　of　a　fluid；　analysis　proving　it　to　have　been　human　milk；　Darby；　in　the　same　journal；　mentions　a　child　of　eight　days　whose　breasts　were　so　engorged　that　the　nurse　had　to　milk　it。　Faye　gives　an　interesting　paper　in　which　he　has　collected　many　instances　of　milk　in　the　breasts　of　the　new…born。　Jonston　details　a　description　of　lactation　in　an　infant。　Variot　mentions　milk…secretion　in　the　new…born　and　says　that　it　generally　takes　place　from　the　eighth　to　the　fifteenth　day　and　not　in　the　first　week。　He　also　adds　that　probably　mammary　abscesses　in　the　new…born　could　be　avoided　if　the　milk　were　squeezed　out　of　the　breasts　in　the　first　days。　Variot　says　that　out　of　32　children　of　both　sexes；　aged　from　six　to　nine　months；　all　but　six　showed　the　presence　of　milk　in　the　breasts。　Gibb　mentions　copious　milk…secretion　in　an　infant；　and　Sworder　and　Menard　have　seen　young　babes　with　abundant　milk…secretion。

Precocious　Lactation。Bochut　says　that　he　saw　a　child　whose　breasts　were　large　and　completely　developed；　offering　a　striking　contrast　to　the　slight　development　of　the　thorax。　They　were　as　large　as　a　stout　man's　fist；　pear…shaped；　with　a　rosy　areola；　in　the　center　of　which　was　a　nipple。　These　precocious　breasts　increased　in　size　at　the　beginning　of　the　menstrual　epoch　（which　was　also　present）　and　remained　enlarged　while　the　menses　lasted。　The　vulva　was　covered　with　thick　hair　and　the　external　genitalia　were　well　developed。　The　child　was　reticent；　and　with　a　doll　was　inclined　to　play　the　role　of　mother。

Baudelocque　mentions　a　girl　of　eight　who　suckled　her　brother　with　her　extraordinarily　developed　breasts。　In　1783　this　child　milked　her　breasts　in　the　presence　of　the　Royal　Academy　at　Paris。　Belloc　spoke　of　a　similar　case。　There　is　another　of　a　young　negress　who　was　able　to　nourish　an　infant；　and　among　the　older　writers　we　read　accounts　of　young　virgins　who　induced　lactation　by　applying　infants　to　their　breasts。　Bartholinus；　Benedictus；　Hippocrates；　Lentilius；　Salmuth；　and　Schenck　mention　lactation　in　virgins。

De　la　Coide　describes　a　case　in　which　lactation　was　present；　though　menstruation　had　always　been　deficient。　Dix；　at　the　Derby　Infirmary；　has　observed　two　females　in　whom　there　was　continued　lactation；　although　they　had　never　been　pregnant。　The　first　was　a　chaste　female　of　twenty…five；　who　for　two　years　had　abundant　and　spontaneous　discharge　of　milk　that　wetted　the　linen；　and　the　other　was　in　a　prostitute　of　twenty；　who　had　never　been　pregnant；　but　who　had；　nevertheless；　for　several　months　an　abundant　secretion　of　healthy　milk。　Zoologists　know　that　a　nonpregnant　bitch　may　secrete　milk　in　abundance。　Delafond　and　de　Sinnety　have　cited　instances。

Lactation　in　the　aged　has　been　frequently　noticed。　Amatus　Lusitanus　and　Schenck　have　observed　lactation　in　old　women；　in　recent　years　Dunglison　has　collected　some　instances。　Semple　relates　the　history　of　an　elderly　woman　who　took　charge　of　an　infant　the　mother　of　which　had　died　of　puerperal　infection。　As　a　means　of　soothing　the　child　she　allowed　it　to　take　the　nipple；　and；　strange　to　say；　in　thirty…six　hours　milk　appeared　in　her　breasts；　and　soon　she　had　a　flow　as　copious　as　she　had　ever　had　in　her　early　married　life。　The　child　thrived　on　this　production　of　a　sympathetic　and　spontaneous　lactation。　Sir　Hans　Sloane　mentions　a　lady　of　sixty…eight　who　though　not　having　borne　a　child　for　twenty　years；　nursed　her　grandchildren　one　after　another。

Montegre　describes　a　woman　in　the　Department　of　Charente　who　bore　two　male　children　in　1810。　Not　having　enough　milk　for　both；　and　being　too　poor　to　secure　the　assistance　of　a　midwife；　in　her　desperation　she　sought　an　old　woman　named　Laverge；　a　widow　of　sixty…five；　whose　husband　had　been　dead　twenty…nine　years。　This　old　woman　gave　the　breast　to　one　of　the　children；　and　in　a　few　days　an　abundant　flow　of　milk　was　present。　For　twenty…two　months　she　nursed　the　infant；　and　it　thrived　as　well　as　its　brother；　who　was　nursed　by　their　common　motherin　fact；　it　was　even　the　stronger　of　the　two。

Dargan　tells　of　a　case　of　remarkable　rejuvenated　lactation　in　a　woman　of　sixty；　who；　in　play；　placed　the　child　to　her　breast；　and　to　her　surprise　after　three　weeks'　nursing　of　this　kind　there　appeared　an　abundant　supply　of　milk；　even　exceeding　in　amount　that　of　the　young　mother。

Blanchard　mentions　milk　in　the　breasts　of　a　woman　of　sixty；　and　Krane　cites　a　similar　instance。　In　the　Philosophical　Transactions　there　is　an　instance　of　a　woman　of　sixty…eight　having　abundant　lactation。

Warren；　Boring；　Buzzi；　Stack；　Durston；　Egan；　Scalzi；　Fitzpatrick；　and　Gillespie　mention　rejuvenation　and　renewed　lactation　in　aged　women。　Ford　has　collected　several　cases　in　which　lactation　was　artificially　induced　by　women　who；　though　for　some　time　not　having　been　pregnant　themselves；　nursed　for　others。

Prolonged　lactation　and　galactorrhea　may　extend　through　several　pregnancies。　Green　reports　the　case　of　a　woman　of　forty…seven；　the　mother　of　four　children；　who　after　each　weaning　had　so　much　milk　constantly　in　her　breasts　that　it　had　to　be　drawn　until　the　next　birth。　At　the　time　of　report　the　milk　was　still　secreting　in　abundance。　A　similar　and　oft…quoted　case　was　that　of　Gomez　Pamo；　who　described　a　woman　in　whom　lactation　seemed　indefinitely　prolonged；　she　married　at　sixteen；　two　years　after　the　establishment　of　menstruation。　She　became　pregnant　shortly　after　marriage；　and　after　delivery　had　continued　lactation　for　a　year　without　any　sign　of　returning　menstruation。　Again　becoming　pregnant；　she　weaned　her　first　child　and　nursed　the　other　without　delay　or　complication。　This　occurrence　took　place　fourteen　times。　She　nursed　all　14　of　her　children　up　to　the　time　that　she　found　herself　pregnant　again；　and　during　the　pregnancies　after　the　first　the　flow　of　milk　never　entirely　ceased；　always　after　the　birth　of　an　infant　she　was　able　to　nurse　it。　The　milk　was　of　good　quality　and　always　abundant；　and　during　the　period　between　her　first　pregnancy　to　seven　years　after　the　birth　of　her　last　child　the　menses　had　never　reappeared。　She　weaned　her　last　child　five　years　before　the　time　of　report；　and　since　then　the　milk　had　still　persisted　in　spite　of　all　treatment。　It　was　sometimes　so　abundant　as　to　necessitate　drawing　it　from　the　breast　to　relieve　painful　tension。

Kennedy　describes　a　woman　of　eighty…one　who　persistently　menstruated　through　lactation；　and　for　forty…seven　years　had　uninterruptedly　nursed　many　children；　some　of　which　were　not　her　own。　Three　years　of　this　time　she　was　a　widow。　At　the　last　reports　she　had　a　moderate　but　regular　secretion　of　milk　in　her　eighty…first　year。

In　regard　to　profuse　lacteal　flow；　Remy　is　quoted　as　having　seen　a　young　woman　in　Japan　from　whom　was　taken　12　1/2　pints　of　milk　each　day；　which　is　possibly　one　of　the　most　extreme　instance　of　continued　galactorrhea　on　record。

Galen　refers　to　gynecomastia　or　gynecomazia；　Aristotle　says　he　has　seen　men　with　mammae　a　which　were　as　well　developed　as　those　of　a　woman；　and　Paulus　aegineta　recognized　the　fact　in　the　ancient　Greeks。　Subsequently　Albucasis　discusses　it　in　his　writings。　Bartholinus；　Behr；　Benedictus；　Borellus；　Bonet；　the　Ephemerides；　Marcellus　Donatus；　Schenck；　Vesalius；　Schacher；　Martineau；　and　Buffon　all　discuss　the　anomalous　presence　of　milk　in　the　male　breast。　Puech　says　that　this　condition　is　found　in　one　out　of　13；000　conscripts。

To　Bedor；　a　marine　surgeon；　we　owe　the　first　scientific　exposition　of　this　subject；　and　a　little　later　Villeneuve　published　his　article　in　the　French　dictionary。　Since　then　many　observations　have　been　made　on　this　subject；　and　quite　recently　Laurent　has　published　a　most　exhaustive　treatise　upon　it。

Robert　describes　an　old　man　who　suckled　a　child；　and　Meyer　discusses　the　case　of　a　castrate