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   BOOK II: OF THEIR TOWNS; PARTICULARLY OF AMAUROT





      HE that knows one of their towns knows them all; they are so like 


      one another; except w here the situation makes some difference。 I 


      shall therefore describe one of them; and none is so proper as 


      Amaurot; for as none is more eminent; all the rest yielding in 


      precedence to this; because it is the seat of their Supreme 


      Council; so there was none of them better known to me; I having 


      lived five years altogether in it。





      It lies upon the side of a hill; or rather a rising ground: its 


      figure is almost square; for from the one side of it; which shoots 


      up almost to the top of the hill; it runs down in a descent for 


      two miles to the river Anider; but it is a little broader the 


      other way that runs along by the bank of that river。 The Anider 


      rises about eighty miles above Amaurot; in a small spring at 


      first; but other brooks falling into it; of which two are more 


      considerable than the rest。 As it runs by Amaurot; it is grown 


      half a mile broad; but it still grows larger and larger; till 


      after sixty miles course below it; it is lost in the ocean; 


      between the town and the sea; and for some miles above the town; 


      it ebbs and flows every six hours; with a strong current。 The tide 


      comes up for about thirty miles so full that there is nothing but 


      salt water in the river; the fresh water being driven back with 


      its force; and above that; for some miles; the water is brackish; 


      but a little higher; as it runs by the town; it is quite fresh; 


      and when the tide ebbs; it continues fresh all along to the sea。 


      There is a bridge cast over the river; not of timber; but of fair 


      stone; consisting of many stately arches; it lies at that part of 


      the town which is farthest from the sea; so that ships without any 


      hinderance lie all along the side of the town。





      There is likewise another river that runs by it; which; though it 


      is not great; yet it runs pleasantly; for it rises out of the same 


      hill on which the town stands; and so runs down through it; and 


      falls into the Anider。 The inhabitants have fortified the 


      fountain…head of this river; which springs a little without the 


      town; so that if they should happen to be besieged; the enemy 


      might not be able to stop or divert the course of the water; nor 


      poison it; from thence it is carried in earthen pipes to the lower 


      streets; and for those places of the town to which the water of 


      that shall river cannot be conveyed; they have great cisterns for 


      receiving the rain…water; which supplies the want of the other。 


      The town is compassed with a high and thick wall; in which there 


      are many towers and forts; there is also a broad and deep dry 


      ditch; set thick with thorns; cast round three sides of the town; 


      and the river is instead of a ditch on the fourth side。 The 


      streets are very convenient for all carriage; and are well 


      sheltered from the winds。 Their buildings are good; and are so 


      uniform that a whole side of a street looks like one house。 The 


      streets are twenty feet broad; there lie gardens behind all their 


      houses; these are large but enclosed with buildings that on all 


      hands face the streets; so that every house has both a door to the 


      street; and a back door to the garden。 Their doors have all two 


      leaves; which; as they are easily opened; so they shut of their 


      own accord; and there being no property among them; every man may 


      freely enter into any house whatsoever。 At every ten years' end 


      they shift their houses by lots。





      They cultivate their gardens with great care; so that they have 


      vines; fruits; herbs; and flowers in them; and all is so well 


      ordered; and so finely kept; that I never saw gardens anywhere 


      that were both so fruitful and so beautiful as theirs。 And this 


      humor of ordering their gardens so well is not only kept up by the 


      pleasure they find in it; but also by an emulation between the 


      inhabitants of the several streets; who vie with each other; and 


      there is indeed nothing belonging to the whole town that is both 


      more useful and more pleasant。 So that he who founded the town 


      seems to have taken care of nothing more than of their gardens; 


      for they say; the whole scheme of the town was designed at first 


      by Utopus; but he left all that belonged to the ornament and 


      improvement of it to be added by those that should come after him; 


      that being too much for one man to bring to perfection。 Their 


      records; that contain the history of their town and State; are 


      preserved with an exact care; and run backward 1;760 years。 From 


      these it appears that their houses were at first low and mean; 


      like cottages; made of any sort of timber; and were built with mud 


      walls and thatched with straw。 But now their houses are three 


      stories high: the fronts of them are faced with stone; plastering; 


      or brick; and between the facings of their walls they throw in 


      their rubbish。 Their roofs are flat; and on them they lay a sort 


      of plaster; which costs very little; and yet is so tempered that 


      it is not apt to take fire; and yet resists the weather more than 


      lead。 They have great quantities of glass among them; with which 


      they glaze their windows。 They use also in their windows a thin 


      linen cloth; that is so oiled or gummed that it both keeps out the 


      wind and gives free admission to the light。











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