the origins of contemporary france-2-第14部分

按键盘上方向键 ← 或 → 可快速上下翻页，按键盘上的 Enter 键可回到本书目录页，按键盘上方向键 ↑ 可回到本页顶部！
————未阅读完？加入书签已便下次继续阅读！



class　（the　procurers　of　public　women）：　many；　indeed；　only　enlist　in

the　corps　that　they　may　live　at　the　expense　of　these　unfortunates。〃



＇33＇　Gouverneur　Morris；　〃Liberty　is　now　the　general　cry；　authority

is　a　name　and　no　longer　a　reality。〃　（Correspondence　with　Washington；

July　19th。）



＇34＇　Bailly。　　I。　　302。　　〃The　King　was　very　well…disposed；　his

measures　were　intended　only　to　preserve　order　and　the　public　peace。

。　　。　　Du　Chatelet　was　forced　by　facts　to　acquit　M。　de　Bezenval　of

attempts　against　the　people　and　the　country。〃　　　Cf。　　Marmontel；

IV。　　183；　Mounier；　II；　40。



＇35＇　Desmoulins；　letter　of　the　16th　July。　　Buchez　and　Roux；　II。　　83。



＇36＇　Trial　of　the　Prince　de　Lambesc　（Paris；　1790）；　with　the　eighty…

three　depositions　and　the　discussion　of　the　testimony。　　…　　It　is　the

crowd　which　began　the　attack。　　The　troops　fired　in　the　air。　　But　one

man；　a　sieur　Chauvel；　was　wounded　slightly　by　the　Prince　de　Lambesc。

（Testimony　of　M。　Carboire；　p。84；　and　of　Captain　de　Reinack；　p。

101。）　〃M。　le　Prince　de　Lambesc；　mounted　on　a　gray　horse　with　a　gray

saddle　without　holsters　or　pistols；　had　scarcely　entered　the　garden

when　a　dozen　persons　jumped　at　the　mane　and　bridle　of　his　horse　and

made　every　effort　to　drag　him　off。　　A　small　man　in　gray　clothes

fired　at　him　with　a　pistol。　　。　　。　　。　　The　prince　tried　hard　to　free

himself；　and　succeeded　by　making　his　horse　rear　up　and　by

flourishing　his　sword；　without；　however；　up　to　this　time；　wounding

any　one。　　。　　。　　。　　He　deposes　that　he　saw　the　prince　strike　a　man　on

the　head　with　the　flat　of　his　saber　who　was　trying　to　close　the

turning…bridge；　which　would　have　cut　off　the　retreat　of　his　troops

The　troops　did　no　more　than　try　to　keep　off　the　crowd　which　assailed

them　with　stones；　and　even　with　firearms；　from　the　top　of　the

terraces。〃　　　The　man　who　tried　to　close　the　bridge　had　seized　the

prince's　horse　with　one　hand；　the　wound　he　received　was　a　scratch

about　23　lines　long；　which　was　dressed　and　cured　with　a　bandage

soaked　in　brandy。　　All　the　details　of　the　affair　prove　that　the

patience　and　humanity　of　the　officer；　were　extreme。　　Nevertheless

〃on　the　following　day；　the　13th；　some　one　posted　a　written　placard

on　the　crossing　Bussy　recommending　the　citizens　of　Paris　to　seize

the　prince　and　quarter　him　at　once。〃　　（Deposition　of　M。　Cosson；

p。114。



＇37＇　Bailly；　I。　　3；　6。　　　　Marmontel；　IV。　　310



＇38＇　Montjoie；　part　3；　86。　　〃I　talked　with　those　who　guarded　the

chateau　of　the　Tuileries。　　They　did　not　belong　to　Paris。　　。　　。　　。　　A

frightful　physiognomy　and　hideous　apparel。〃　Montjoie；　not　to　be

trusted　in　many　places；　merits　consultation　for　little　facts　of

which　he　was　an　eye…witness。　　　Morellet；　〃Mémoires；〃　I。　　374。　　…

Dusaulx；　〃L'？uvre　des　sept　jours；〃　352。　　…　　Revue　Historique；〃

March；　1876。　　Interrogatory　of　Desnot。　　His　occupation　during　the

13th　of　July　（published　by　Guiffrey）。



＇39＇　Mathieu　Dumas；　〃Mémoires；〃　I。　　531。　　〃Peaceable　people　fled　at

the　sight　of　these　groups　of　strange；　frantic　vagabonds。　　Everybody

closed　their　houses　。　　。　　。　。　When　I　reached　home；　in　the　Saint…

Denis　quarter；　several　of　these　brigands　caused　great　alarm　by

firing　off　guns　in　the　air。〃



＇40＇　Dusaulx；　379。



＇41＇　Dusaulx；　359；　360；　361；　288；　336。　　〃　In　effect　their　entreaties

resembled　commands；　and；　more　than　once；　it　was　impossible　to　resist

them。〃



＇42＇　Dusaulx；　447　（Deposition　of　the　invalides）。　〃Revue

Rétrospective；〃　IV。　　282　（Narrative　of　the　commander　of　the　thirty…

two　Swiss　Guards）。



＇43＇　Marmontel；　IV。　　317。



＇44＇　Dusaulx；　454。　　〃The　soldiers　replied　that　they　would　accept

whatever　happened　rather　than　cause　the　destruction　of　so　great　a

number　of　their　fellow…citizens。〃



＇45＇　Dusaulx；　447。　　The　number　of　combatants；　maimed；　wounded；　dead；

and　living；　is　825。　　　Marmontel；　IV。　　320。　　〃To　the　number　of

victors；　which　has　been　carried　up　to　800；　people　have　been　added

who　were　never　near　the　place。〃



＇46＇　〃Memoires〃；　by　PASQUIER　（Etienne…Dennis；　duc；　1767…1862）；

chancelier　de　France。　　in　VI　volumes；　Librarie　Plon；　Paris　1893。

Vol。　I。　p。52。　Pasquier　was　eye…witness。　　He　leaned　against　the　fence

of　the　Beaumarchais　garden　and　looked　on；　with　mademoiselle　Contat；

the　actress；　at　his　side；　who　had　left　her　carriage　in　the　Place…

Royale。　　Marat；　〃L'ami　du　peuple；〃　No。　　530。　　〃When　an　unheard…of

conjunction　of　circumstances　had　caused　the　fall　of　the　badly

defended　walls　of　the　Bastille；　under　the　efforts　of　a　handful　of

soldiers　and　a　troop　of　unfortunate　creatures；　most　of　them　Germans

and　almost　all　provincials；　the　Parisians　presented　themselves　the

fortress；　curiosity　alone　having　led　them　there。〃



＇47＇　Narrative　of　the　commander　of　the　thirty…two　Swiss。　　

Narrative　of　Cholat；　wine…dealer；　one　of　the　victors。　　

Examination　of　Desnot　（who　cut　off　the　head　of　M。　de　Launay）。



＇48＇　Montjoie；　part　3；　85。　　　Dusaulx；　355；　287；　368。



＇49＇　Nothing　more。　　No　Witness　states　that　he　had　seen　the　pretended

note　to　M。　do　Launay。　　According　to　Dusaulx；　he　could　not　have　had

either　the　time　or　the　means　to　write　it。



＇50＇　Bailly；　II。　　32；　74；　88；　90；　95；　108；　117；　137；　158；　174。　　〃I

gave　orders　which　were　neither　obeyed　nor　listened　to。　　。　　。　　。

They　gave　me　to　understand　that　I　was　not　safe。〃　（July　15th。）　〃In

these　sad　times　one　enemy　and　one　calumnious　report　sufficed　to

excite　the　multitude。　　All　who　had　formerly　held　power；　all　who　had

annoyed　or　restrained　the　insurrectionists；　were　sure　of　being

arrested。〃



＇51＇　M。　de　Lafayette；　〃Mémoires；〃　III。　　264。　　Letter　of　July　16th；

1789。　　〃I　have　already　saved　the　lives　of　six　persons　whom　they　were

hanging　in　different　quarters。〃



＇52＇　Poujoulat。　　〃Histoire　de　la　Révolution　Fran？aise；〃　p。100　（with

supporting　documents）。　　Procès…verbaux　of　the　Provincial　Assembly；

lle…de…France　（1787）；　p。127。



＇53＇　For　instance：　〃He　is　severe　with　his　peasants。〃　　〃He　gives

them　no　bread；　and　he　wants　them　then　to　eat　grass。〃　〃He　wants　them

to　eat　grass　like　horses。〃　〃He　has　said　that　they　could　very　well

eat　hay；　and　that　they　are　no　better　than　horses。〃　　The　same　story

is　found　in　many　of　the　contemporary　jacqueries。



＇54＇　Bailly；　II。　　108。　　〃The　people；　less　enlightened　and　as

imperious　as　despots；　recognize　no　positive　signs　of　good

administration　but　success。〃



＇55＇　Bailly；　II；　108；　95。　　…　Malouet；　II；　14。



＇56＇　De　Ferrières；　I。　　168。









CHAPTER　III。



I。



Anarchy　from　July　14th　to　October　6th；　1789。　…　Destruction　of　the

Government。　…　To　whom　does　real　power　belong？



However　bad　a　particular　government　may　be；　there　is　something　still

worse；　and　that　is　the　suppression　of　all　government。　　For；　it　is

owing　to　government　that　human　wills　form　a　harmony　instead　of

chaos。　　It　serves　society　as　the　brain　serves　a　living　being。

Incapable；　inconsiderate；　extravagant；　engrossing；　it　often　abuses

its　position；　overstraining　or　misleading　the　body　for　which　it

should　care；　and　which　it　should　direct。　　But；　taking　all　things

into　account；　whatever　it　may　do；　more　good　than　harm　is　done；　for

through　it　the　body　stands　erect；　marches　on　and　guides　its　steps。

Without　it　there　is　no　organized　deliberate　action；　serviceable　to

the　whole　body。　　In　it　alone　do　we　find　the　comprehensive　views；

knowledge　of　the　members　of　which　it　consists　and　of　their　aims；　an

idea　of　outward　relationships；　full　and　accurate　information；　in

short；　the　superior　intelligence　which　conceives　what　is　best　for

the　common　interests；　and　adapts　means　to　ends。　　If　it　falters　and

is　no　longer　obeyed；　if　it　is　forced　and　pushed　from　without　by　a

violent　pressure；　it　ceases　to　control　public　affairs；　and　the

social　organization　retrogrades　by　many　steps。　　Through　the

dissolution　of　society；　and　the　isolation　of　individuals；　each　man

returns　to　his　original　feeble　state；　while　power　is　vested　in

passing　aggregates　that　like　whirlwinds　spring　up　from　the　human

dust。　　　One　may　divine　how　this　power；　which　the　most　competent

find　it　difficult　to　apply　properly；　is　exercised　by　bands　of　men

springing　out　of　nowhere。　　It　is　a　matter　of　supplies；　of　their

possessions；　price　and　distribution。　　It　is　a　matter　of　taxes；　its

proportion；　apportionment　and　collection；　of　private　property；　its

varieties；　rights；　and　limitations　It　is　a　problem　of　public

authority；　its　allocation　and　its　limits；　of　all　those　delicate

cogwheels　which；　working　into　each　other；　constitute　the　great

economic；　social；　and　political　machine。　　Each　band　in　its　own

canton　lays　its　rude　hands　on　the　wheels　within　its　reach。　　They

wrench　or　break　them　haphazardly；　under　the　impulse　of　the　moment；

heedless　and　indifferent　to　consequences；　even　when　the　reaction　of

to…morrow　crushes　them　in　the　ruin　that　they　cause　to　day。　　Thus　do

unchained　Negroes；　each　pulling　and　hauling　his　own　way；　undertake

to　manage　a　ship　of　which　they　have　just　obtained　mastery。　　　In

such　a　state　of　things　white　men　are　hardly　worth　more　than　black

ones。　　For；　not　only　is　the　band；　whose　aim　is　violence；　composed　of

those　who　are　most　destitute；　most　wildly　enthusiastic；　and　most

inclined　to　destructiveness　and　to　license。　　But　also；　as　this　band

tumultuously　carries　out　its　violent　action；　each　individual　the

most　brutal；　the　most　irrational；　and　most　corrupt；　descends　lower

than　himself；　even　to　the　darkness；　the　madness；　and　the　savagery　of

the　dregs　of　society。　　In　fact；　a　man　who　in　the　interchange　of

blows；　would　resist　the　excitement　of　murder；　and　not　use　his

strength　like　a　savage；　must　be　familiar　with　arms。　　He　must　be

accustomed　to　danger；　be　cool…blooded；　alive　to　the　sentiment　of

honor；　and　above　all；　sensitive　to　that　stern　military　code　which；

to　the　imagination　of　the　soldier；　ever　holds　out　to　him　the

provost's　gibbet　to　which　he　is　sure　to　rise；　should　he　strike　one

blow　too　many。　　Should　all　these　restraints；　inward　as　well　as

outward；　be