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and　it　is　for　these　qualities　that　I　have　selected　you。〃　　Darn

complied　with　the　Emperor's　wishes；　and　eventually　became　his

Prime　Minister；　proving　thoroughly　efficient　in　that　capacity；　and

remaining　the　same　modest；　honourable；　and　disinterested　man　that

he　had　ever　been　through　life。



Men　of　trained　working　faculty　so　contract　the　habit　of　labour

that　idleness　becomes　intolerable　to　them；　and　when　driven　by

circumstances　from　their　own　special　line　of　occupation；　they　find

refuge　in　other　pursuits。　　The　diligent　man　is　quick　to　find

employment　for　his　leisure；　and　he　is　able　to　make　leisure　when

the　idle　man　finds　none。　　〃He　hath　no　leisure；〃　says　George

Herbert；　〃who　useth　it　not。〃　　〃The　most　active　or　busy　man　that

hath　been　or　can　be；〃　says　Bacon；　〃hath；　no　question；　many　vacant

times　of　leisure；　while　he　expecteth　the　tides　and　returns　of

business；　except　he　be　either　tedious　and　of　no　despatch；　or

lightly　and　unworthily　ambitious　to　meddle　with　things　that　may　be

better　done　by　others。〃　　Thus　many　great　things　have　been　done

during　such　〃vacant　times　of　leisure；〃　by　men　to　whom　industry

had　become　a　second　nature；　and　who　found　it　easier　to　work

than　to　be　idle。



Even　hobbies　are　useful　as　educators　of　the　working　faculty。

Hobbies　evoke　industry　of　a　certain　kind；　and　at　least　provide

agreeable　occupation。　　Not　such　hobbies　as　that　of　Domitian；　who

occupied　himself　in　catching　flies。　　The　hobbies　of　the　King　of

Macedon　who　made　lanthorns；　and　of　the　King　of　France　who　made

locks；　were　of　a　more　respectable　order。　　Even　a　routine

mechanical　employment　is　felt　to　be　a　relief　by　minds　acting　under

high…pressure：　it　is　an　intermission　of　laboura　resta

relaxation；　the　pleasure　consisting　in　the　work　itself　rather　than

in　the　result。



But　the　best　of　hobbies　are　intellectual　ones。　　Thus　men　of　active

mind　retire　from　their　daily　business　to　find　recreation　in　other

pursuitssome　in　science；　some　in　art；　and　the　greater　number　in

literature。　　Such　recreations　are　among　the　best　preservatives

against　selfishness　and　vulgar　worldliness。　　We　believe　it　was

Lord　Brougham　who　said；　〃Blessed　is　the　man　that　hath　a　hobby！〃

and　in　the　abundant　versatility　of　his　nature；　he　himself　had

many；　ranging　from　literature　to　optics；　from　history　and

biography　to　social　science。　　Lord　Brougham　is　even　said　to　have

written　a　novel；　and　the　remarkable　story　of　the　'Man　in　the

Bell；'　which　appeared　many　years　ago　in　'Blackwood；'　is　reputed　to

have　been　from　his　pen。　　Intellectual　hobbies；　however；　must　not

be　ridden　too　hardelse；　instead　of　recreating；　refreshing；

and　invigorating　a　man's　nature；　they　may　only　have　the

effect　of　sending　him　back　to　his　business　exhausted；

enervated；　and　depressed。



Many　laborious　statesmen　besides　Lord　Brougham　have　occupied　their

leisure；　or　consoled　themselves　in　retirement　from　office；　by　the

composition　of　works　which　have　become　part　of　the　standard

literature　of　the　world。　　Thus　'Caesar's　Commentaries'　still

survive　as　a　classic；　the　perspicuous　and　forcible　style　in　which

they　are　written　placing　him　in　the　same　rank　with　Xenophon；　who

also　successfully　combined　the　pursuit　of　letters　with　the

business　of　active　life。



When　the　great　Sully　was　disgraced　as　a　minister；　and　driven　into

retirement；　he　occupied　his　leisure　in　writing　out　his　'Memoirs；'

in　anticipation　of　the　judgment　of　posterity　upon　his　career　as　a

statesman。　　Besides　these；　he　also　composed　part　of　a　romance

after　the　manner　of　the　Scuderi　school；　the　manuscript　of　which

was　found　amongst　his　papers　at　his　death。



Turgot　found　a　solace　for　the　loss　of　office；　from　which　he　had

been　driven　by　the　intrigues　of　his　enemies；　in　the　study　of

physical　science。　　He　also　reverted　to　his　early　taste　for

classical　literature。　　During　his　long　journeys；　and　at　nights

when　tortured　by　the　gout；　he　amused　himself　by　making　Latin

verses；　though　the　only　line　of　his　that　has　been　preserved　was

that　intended　to　designate　the　portrait　of　Benjamin　Franklin：



　　　　　　〃Eripuit　caelo　fulmen；　sceptrumque　tyrannis。〃



Among　more　recent　French　statesmenwith　whom；　however；

literature　has　been　their　profession　as　much　as　politicsmay

be　mentioned　De　Tocqueville；　Thiers；　Guizot；　and　Lamartine；

while　Napoleon　III。　challenged　a　place　in　the　Academy　by

his　'Life　of　Caesar。'



Literature　has　also　been　the　chief　solace　of　our　greatest　English

statesmen。　　When　Pitt　retired　from　office；　like　his　great

contemporary　Fox；　he　reverted　with　delight　to　the　study　of　the

Greek　and　Roman　classics。　　Indeed；　Grenville　considered　Pitt　the

best　Greek　scholar　he　had　ever　known。　　Canning　and　Wellesley；　when

in　retirement；　occupied　themselves　in　translating　the　odes　and

satires　of　Horace。　　Canning's　passion　for　literature　entered　into

all　his　pursuits；　and　gave　a　colour　to　his　whole　life。　　His

biographer　says　of　him；　that　after　a　dinner　at　Pitt's；　while　the

rest　of　the　company　were　dispersed　in　conversation；　he　and　Pitt

would　be　observed　poring　over　some　old　Grecian　in　a　corner　of　the

drawing…room。　　Fox　also　was　a　diligent　student　of　the　Greek

authors；　and；　like　Pitt；　read　Lycophron。　　He　was　also　the　author

of　a　History　of　James　II。；　though　the　book　is　only　a　fragment；

and；　it　must　be　confessed；　is　rather　a　disappointing　work。



One　of　the　most　able　and　laborious　of　our　recent　statesmenwith

whom　literature　was　a　hobby　as　well　as　a　pursuitwas　the　late

Sir　George　Cornewall　Lewis。　　He　was　an　excellent　man　of　business

diligent；　exact；　and　painstaking。　　He　filled　by　turns　the　offices

of　President　of　the　Poor　Law　Boardthe　machinery　of　which　he

created；Chancellor　of　the　Exchequer；　Home　Secretary；　and

Secretary　at　War；　and　in　each　he　achieved　the　reputation　of　a

thoroughly　successful　administrator。　　In　the　intervals　of　his

official　labours；　he　occupied　himself　with　inquiries　into　a　wide

range　of　subjectshistory；　politics；　philology；　anthropology；

and　antiquarianism。　　His　works　on　'The　Astronomy　of　the　Ancients；'

and　'Essays　on　the　Formation　of　the　Romanic　Languages；'　might　have

been　written　by　the　profoundest　of　German　SAVANS。　　He　took

especial　delight　in　pursuing　the　abstruser　branches　of　learning；

and　found　in　them　his　chief　pleasure　and　recreation。　　Lord

Palmerston　sometimes　remonstrated　with　him；　telling　him　he　was

〃taking　too　much　out　of　himself〃　by　laying　aside　official　papers

after　office…hours　in　order　to　study　books；　Palmerston　himself

declaring　that　he　had　no　time　to　read　booksthat　the　reading　of

manuscript　was　quite　enough　for　him。



Doubtless　Sir　George　Lewis　rode　his　hobby　too　hard；　and　but　for

his　devotion　to　study；　his　useful　life　would　probably　have　been

prolonged。　　Whether　in　or　out　of　office；　he　read；　wrote；　and

studied。　　He　relinquished　the　editorship　of　the　'Edinburgh　Review'

to　become　Chancellor　of　the　Exchequer；　and　when　no　longer　occupied

in　preparing　budgets；　he　proceeded　to　copy　out　a　mass　of　Greek

manuscripts　at　the　British　Museum。　　He　took　particular　delight　in

pursuing　any　difficult　inquiry　in　classical　antiquity。　　One　of　the

odd　subjects　with　which　he　occupied　himself　was　an　examination

into　the　truth　of　reported　cases　of　longevity；　which；　according　to

his　custom；　he　doubted　or　disbelieved。　　This　subject　was　uppermost

in　his　mind　while　pursuing　his　canvass　of　Herefordshire　in　1852。

On　applying　to　a　voter　one　day　for　his　support；　he　was　met　by　a

decided　refusal。　　〃I　am　sorry；〃　was　the　candidate's　reply；　〃that

you　can't　give　me　your　vote；　but　perhaps　you　can　tell　me　whether

anybody　in　your　parish　has　died　at　an　extraordinary　age！〃



The　contemporaries　of　Sir　George　Lewis　also　furnish　many　striking

instances　of　the　consolations　afforded　by　literature　to　statesmen

wearied　with　the　toils　of　public　life。　　Though　the　door　of　office

may　be　closed；　that　of　literature　stands　always　open；　and　men　who

are　at　daggers…drawn　in　politics；　join　hands　over　the　poetry　of

Homer　and　Horace。　　The　late　Earl　of　Derby；　on　retiring　from　power；

produced　his　noble　version　of　'The　Iliad；'　which　will　probably

continue　to　be　read　when　his　speeches　have　been　forgotten。　　Mr。

Gladstone　similarly　occupied　his　leisure　in　preparing　for　the

press　his　'Studies　on　Homer；'　（24）　and　in　editing　a　translation　of

'Farini's　Roman　State；'　while　Mr。　Disraeli　signalised　his

retirement　from　office　by　the　production　of　his　'Lothair。'　　Among

statesmen　who　have　figured　as　novelists；　besides　Mr。　Disraeli；　are

Lord　Russell；　who　has　also　contributed　largely　to　history　and

biography；　the　Marquis　of　Normanby；　and　the　veteran　novelist；　Lord

Lytton；　with　whom；　indeed；　politics　may　be　said　to　have　been　his

recreation；　and　literature　the　chief　employment　of　his　life。



To　conclude：　a　fair　measure　of　work　is　good　for　mind　as　well　as

body。　　Man　is　an　intelligence　sustained　and　preserved　by　bodily

organs；　and　their　active　exercise　is　necessary　to　the　enjoyment　of

health。　　It　is　not　work；　but　overwork；　that　is　hurtful；　and　it　is

not　hard　work　that　is　injurious　so　much　as　monotonous　work；

fagging　work；　hopeless　work。　　All　hopeful　work　is　healthful；　and

to　be　usefully　and　hopefully　employed　is　one　of　the　great　secrets

of　happiness。　　Brain…work；　in　moderation；　is　no　more　wearing　than

any　other　kind　of　work。　　Duly　regulated；　it　is　as　promotive　of

health　as　bodily　exercise；　and；　where　due　attention　is　paid　to　the

physical　system；　it　seems　difficult　to　put　more　upon　a　man　than　he

can　bear。　　Merely　to　eat　and　drink　and　sleep　one's　way　idly

through　life　is　vastly　more　injurious。　　The　wear…and…tear　of　rust

is　even　faster　than　the　tear…and…wear　of　work。



But　overwork　is　always　bad　economy。　　It　is；　in　fact；　great　waste；

especially　if　conjoined　with　worry。　　Indeed；　worry　kills　far　more

than　work　does。　　It　frets；　it　excites；　it　consumes　the　bodyas

sand　and　grit；　which　occasion　excessive　friction；　wear　out　the

wheels　of　a　machine。　　Overwork　and　worry　have　both