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sand　and　grit；　which　occasion　excessive　friction；　wear　out　the

wheels　of　a　machine。　　Overwork　and　worry　have　both　to　be　guarded

against。　　For　over…brain…work　is　strain…work；　and　it　is　exhausting

and　destructive　according　as　it　is　in　excess　of　nature。　　And　the

brain…worker　may　exhaust　and　overbalance　his　mind　by　excess；　just

as　the　athlete　may　overstrain　his　muscles　and　break　his　back　by

attempting　feats　beyond　the　strength　of　his　physical　system。







NOTES



（1）In　the　third　chapter　of　his　Natural　History；　Pliny　relates　in　what

high　honour　agriculture　was　held　in　the　earlier　days　of　Rome；　how

the　divisions　of　land　were　measured　by　the　quantity　which　could　be

ploughed　by　a　yoke　of　oxen　in　a　certain　time　（JUGERUM；　in　one　day；

ACTUS；　at　one　spell）；　how　the　greatest　recompence　to　a　general　or

valiant　citizen　was　a　JUGERUM；　how　the　earliest　surnames　were

derived　from　agriculture　（Pilumnus；　from　PILUM；　the　pestle　for

pounding　corn；　Piso；　from　PISO；　to　grind　coin；　Fabius；　from　FABA；

a　bean；　Lentulus；　from　LENS；　a　lentil；　Cicero；　from　CICER；　a

chickpea；　Babulcus；　from　BOS；　&c。）；　how　the　highest　compliment　was

to　call　a　man　a　good　agriculturist；　or　a　good　husbandman

（LOCUPLES；　rich；　LOCI　PLENUS；　PECUNIA；　from　PECUS；　&c。）；　how　the

pasturing　of　cattle　secretly　by　night　upon　unripe　crops　was　a

capital　offence；　punishable　by　hanging；　how　the　rural　tribes　held

the　foremost　rank；　while　those　of　the　city　had　discredit　thrown

upon　them　as　being　an　indolent　race；　and　how　〃GLORIAM　DENIQUE

IPSAM；　A　FARRIS　HONORE；　'ADOREAM'　APPELLABANT；〃　ADOREA；　or　Glory；

the　reward　of　valour；　being　derived　from　Ador；　or　spelt；

a　kind　of　grain。



（2）　'Essay　on　Government；'　in　'Encyclopaedia　Britannica。'



（3）　Burton's　'Anatomy　of　Melancholy；'　Part　i。；　Mem。　2；　Sub。　6。



（4）　Ibid。　　End　of　concluding　chapter。



（5）　It　is　characteristic　of　the　Hindoos　to　regard　entire　inaction　as

the　most　perfect　state；　and　to　describe　the　Supreme　Being　as　〃The

Unmoveable。〃



（6）　Lessing　was　so　impressed　with　the　conviction　that　stagnant

satisfaction　was　fatal　to　man；　that　he　went　so　far　as　to　say：　〃If

the　All…powerful　Being；　holding　in　one　hand　Truth；　and　in　the

other　the　search　for　Truth；　said　to　me；　'Choose；'　I　would　answer

Him；　'O　All…powerful；　keep　for　Thyself　the　Truth；　but　leave　to　me

the　search　for　it；　which　is　the　better　for　me。'〃　　On　the　other

hand；　Bossuet　said：　〃Si　je　concevais　une　nature　purement

intelligente；　il　me　semble　que　je　n'y　mettrais　qu'entendre　et

aimer　la　verite；　et　que　cela　seul　la　rendrait　heureux。〃



（7）　The　late　Sir　John　Patteson；　when　in　his　seventieth　year；　attended

an　annual　ploughing…match　dinner　at　Feniton；　Devon；　at　which　he

thought　it　worth　his　while　to　combat　the　notion；　still　too

prevalent；　that　because　a　man　does　not　work　merely　with　his　bones

and　muscles；　he　is　therefore　not　entitled　to　the　appellation　of　a

workingman。　　〃In　recollecting　similar　meetings　to　the　present；〃　he

said；　〃I　remember　my　friend；　John　Pyle；　rather　throwing　it　in　my

teeth　that　I　had　not　worked　for　nothing；　but　I　told　him；　'Mr。

Pyle；　you　do　not　know　what　you　are　talking　about。　　We　are　all

workers。　　The　man　who　ploughs　the　field　and　who　digs　the　hedge　is

a　worker；　but　there　are　other　workers　in　other　stations　of　life　as

well。　　For　myself；　I　can　say　that　I　have　been　a　worker　ever　since

I　have　been　a　boy。'。。。　　Then　I　told　him　that　the　office　of　judge

was　by　no　means　a　sinecure；　for　that　a　judge　worked　as　hard　as　any

man　in　the　country。　　He　has　to　work　at　very　difficult　questions　of

law；　which　are　brought　before　him　continually；　giving　him　great

anxiety；　and　sometimes　the　lives　of　his　fellow…creatures　are

placed　in　his　hands；　and　are　dependent　very　much　upon　the　manner

in　which　he　places　the　facts　before　the　jury。　　That　is　a　matter　of

no　little　anxiety；　I　can　assure　you。　　Let　any　man　think　as　he

will；　there　is　no　man　who　has　been　through　the　ordeal　for　the

length　of　time　that　I　have；　but　must　feel　conscious　of　the

importance　and　gravity　of　the　duty　which　is　cast　upon　a　judge。〃



（8）　Lord　Stanley's　Address　to　the　Students　of　Glasgow　University；　on

his　installation　as　Lord　Rector；　1869。



（9）　Writing　to　an　abbot　at　Nuremberg；　who　had　sent　him　a　store　of

turning…tools；　Luther　said：　〃I　have　made　considerable　progress　in

clockmaking；　and　I　am　very　much　delighted　at　it；　for　these　drunken

Saxons　need　to　be　constantly　reminded　of　what　the　real　time　is；

not　that　they　themselves　care　much　about　it；　for　as　long　as　their

glasses　are　kept　filled；　they　trouble　themselves　very　little　as　to

whether　clocks；　or　clockmakers；　or　the　time　itself；　go　right。〃

Michelet's　LUTHER　（Bogue　Ed。）；　p。　200。



（10）　'Life　of　Perthes；〃　ii。　20。



（11）　Lockhart's　'Life　of　Scott'　（8vo。　Ed。）；　p。　442。



（12）　Southey　expresses　the　opinion　in　'The　Doctor'；　that　the　character

of　a　person　may　be　better　known　by　the　letters　which　other　persons

write　to　him　than　by　what　he　himself　writes。



（13）　'Dissertation　on　the　Science　of　Method。'



（14）　The　following　passage；　from　a　recent　article　in　the　PALL　MALL

GAZETTE；　will　commend　itself　to　general　aproval：…　〃There　can　be　no

question　nowadays；　that　application　to　work；　absorption　in

affairs；　contact　with　men；　and　all　the　stress　which　business

imposes　on　us；　gives　a　noble　training　to　the　intellect；　and

splendid　opportunity　for　discipline　of　character。　　It　is　an

utterly　low　view　of　business　which　regards　it　as　only　a　means　of

getting　a　living。　　A　man's　business　is　his　part　of　the　world's

work；　his　share　of　the　great　activities　which　render　society

possible。　　He　may　like　it　or　dislike　it；　but　it　is　work；　and　as

such　requires　application；　self…denial；　discipline。　　It　is　his

drill；　and　he　cannot　be　thorough　in　his　occupation　without　putting

himself　into　it；　checking　his　fancies；　restraining　his　impulses；

and　holding　himself　to　the　perpetual　round　of　small　details

without；　in　fact；　submitting　to　his　drill。　　But　the　perpetual　call

on　a　man's　readiness；　sell…control；　and　vigour　which　business

makes；　the　constant　appeal　to　the　intellect；　the　stress　upon　the

will；　the　necessity　for　rapid　and　responsible　exercise　of　judgment

all　these　things　constitute　a　high　culture；　though　not　the

highest。　It　is　a　culture　which　strengthens　and　invigorates　if　it

does　not　refine；　which　gives　force　if　not　polishthe　FORTITER　IN

RE；　if　not　the　SUAVITER　IN　MODO。　　It　makes　strong　men　and　ready

men；　and　men　of　vast　capacity　for　affairs；　though　it　does　not

necessarily　make　refined　men　or　gentlemen。〃



（15）　On　the　first　publication　of　his　'Despatches；'　one　of　his　friends

said　to　him；　on　reading　the　records　of　his　Indian　campaigns：　〃It

seems　to　me；　Duke；　that　your　chief　business　in　India　was　to

procure　rice　and　bullocks。〃　　〃And　so　it　was；〃　replied　Wellington：

〃for　if　I　had　rice　and　bullocks；　I　had　men；　and　if　I　had　men；　I

knew　I　could　beat　the　enemy。〃



（16）　Maria　Edgeworth；　'Memoirs　of　R。　L。　Edgeworth；'　ii。　94。



（17）　A　friend　of　Lord　Palmerston　has　communicated　to　us　the　following

anecdote。　　Asking　him　one　day　when　he　considered　a　man　to　be　in

the　prime　of　life；　his　immediate　reply　was；　〃Seventy…nine！〃

〃But；〃　he　added；　with　a　twinkle　in　his　eye；　〃as　I　have　just

entered　my　eightieth　year；　perhaps　I　am　myself　a　little　past　it。〃



（18）　'Reasons　of　Church　Government；'　Book　II。



（19）　Coleridge's　advice　to　his　young　friends　was　much　to　the　same

effect。　　〃With　the　exception　of　one　extraordinary　man；〃　he　says；

〃I　have　never　known　an　individual；　least　of　all　an　individual　of

genius；　healthy　or　happy　without　a　profession：　i。e。；　some　regular

employment　which　does　not　depend　on　the　will　of　the　moment；　and

which　can　be　carried　on　so　far　mechanically；　that　an　average

quantum　only　of　health；　spirits；　and　intellectual　exertion　are

requisite　to　its　faithful　discharge。　　Three　hours　of　leisure；

unalloyed　by　any　alien　anxiety；　and　looked　forward　to　with　delight

as　a　change　and　recreation；　will　suffice　to　realise　in　literature

a　larger　product　of　what　is　truly　genial；　than　weeks　of

compulsion。。。。　　If　facts　are　required　to　prove　the　possibility　of

combining　weighty　performances　in　literature　with　full　and

independent　employment；　the　works　of　Cicero　and　Xenophon；　among

the　ancientsof　Sir　Thomas　More；　Bacon；　Baxter；　or　（to　refer　at

once　to　later　and　contemporary　instances）　Darwin　and　Roscoe；　are

at　once　decisive　of　the　question。〃

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　BIOGRAPHIA　LITERARIA；　Chap。　xi。



（20）　Mr。　Ricardo　published　his　celebrated　'Theory　of　Rent；'　at　the

urgent　recommendation　of　James　Mill　（like　his　son；　a　chief　clerk

in　the　India　House）；　author　of　the　'History　of　British　India。'

When　the　'Theory　of　Rent'　was　written；　Ricardo　was　so　dissatisfied

with　it　that　he　wished　to　burn　it；　but　Mr。　Mill　urged　him　to

publish　it；　and　the　book　was　a　great　success。



（21）　The　late　Sir　John　Lubbock；　his　father；　was　also　eminent　as　a

mathematician　and　astronomer。



（22）　Thales；　once　inveighing　in　discourse　against　the　pains　and　care

men　put　themselves　to；　to　become　rich；　was　answered　by　one　in　the

company　that　he　did　like　the　fox；　who　found　fault　with　what　he

could　not　obtain。　　Thereupon　Thales　had　a　mind；　for　the　jest's

sake；　to　show　them　the　contrary；　and　having　upon　this　occasion　for

once　made　a　muster　of　all　his　wits；　wholly　to　employ　them　in　the

service　of　profit；　he　set　a　traffic　on　foot；　which　in　one　year

brought　him　in　so　great　riches；　that　the　most　experienced　in　that

trade　could　hardly　in　their　whole　lives；　with　all　their　industry；

have　raked　so　much　together。

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　Montaignes　ESSAYS；　Book　I。；　chap。　24。



（23）　〃The　understanding；〃　says　Mr。　Bailey；　〃that　is　accustomed　to

pursue　a　regular　and　connected　train　of　ideas；　becomes　in　some

measure　incapacitated　for　those　quick　and　versatile　movements

which　are　learnt　in　the　commerce　of　the　world；　and　are

indispensable　to　those　who　act　a　part　in　it。　　Deep　thinking　and

p