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(8) Yet even in De Tocqueville's benevolent nature; there was a

pervading element of impatience。  In the very letter in which the

above passage occurs; he says: 〃Some persons try to be of use to

men while they despise them; and others because they love them。

In the services rendered by the first; there is always something

incomplete; rough; and contemptuous; that inspires neither

confidence nor gratitude。  I should like to belong to the second

class; but often I cannot。  I love mankind in general; but I

constantly meet with individuals whose baseness revolts me。  I

struggle daily against a universal contempt for my fellow;

creatures。〃MEMOIRS AND REMAINS OF DE TOCQUEVILLE; vol。 i。 p。

813。  (Letter to Kergorlay; Nov。 13th; 1833)。



(9) Gleig's 'Life of Wellington;' pp。 314; 315。



(10) 'Life of Arnold;' i。 94。



(11) See the 'Memoir of George Wilson; M。D。; F。R。S。E。' By his sister

(Edinburgh; 1860)。



(12) Such cases are not unusual。  We personally knew a young lady; a

countrywoman of Professor Wilson; afflicted by cancer in the

breast; who concealed the disease from her parents lest it should

occasion them distress。  An operation became necessary; and when

the surgeons called for the purpose of performing it; she herself

answered the door; received them with a cheerful countenance; led

them upstairs to her room; and submitted to the knife; and her

parents knew nothing of the operation until it was all over。

But the disease had become too deeply seated for recovery;

and the noble self…denying girl died; cheerful and uncomplaining

to the end。



(13) 〃One night; about eleven o'clock; Keats returned home in a state

of strange physical excitementit might have appeared; to those

who did not know him; one of fierce intoxication。  He told his

friend he had been outside the stage…coach; had received a severe

chill; was a little fevered; but added; 'I don't feel it now。'  He

was easily persuaded to go to bed; and as he leapt into the cold

sheets; before his head was on the pillow; he slightly coughed and

said; 'That is blood from my mouth; bring me the candle; let me

see this blood' He gazed steadfastly for some moments at the ruddy

stain; and then; looking in his friend's face with an expression

of sudden calmness never to be forgotten; said; 'I know the colour

of that bloodit is arterial blood。  I cannot be deceived in

that colour; that drop is my death…warrant。  I must die!'〃

Houghton's LIFE OF KEATS; Ed。 1867; p。 289。



In the case of George Wilson; the bleeding was in the first

instance from the stomach; though he afterwards suffered from lung

haemorrhage like Keats。  Wilson afterwards; speaking of the Lives

of Lamb and Keats; which had just appeared; said he had been

reading them with great sadness。  〃There is;〃 said he; 〃something

in the noble brotherly love of Charles to brighten; and hallow;

and relieve that sadness; but Keats's deathbed is the blackness of

midnight; unmitigated by one ray of light!〃



(14) On the doctors; who attended him in his first attack; mistaking

the haemorrhage from the stomach for haemorrhage from the lungs;

he wrote: 〃It would have been but poor consolation to have had

as an epitaph:…



      〃Here lies George Wilson;

        Overtaken by Nemesis;

      He died not of Haemoptysis;

        But of Haematemesis。〃



(15) 'Memoir;' p。 427。







CHAPTER VIII。TEMPER。







      〃Temper is nine…tenths of Christianity。〃BISHOP WILSON。



        〃Heaven is a temper; not a place。〃DR。 CHALMERS。



        〃And should my youth; as youth is apt I know;

                   Some harshness show;

        All vain asperities I day by day

                   Would wear away;

        Till the smooth temper of my age should be

        Like the high leaves upon the Holly Tree〃SOUTHEY。



    Even Power itself hath not one…half the might of Gentleness〃

                                                  LEIGH HUNT。





It has been said that men succeed in life quite as much by their

temper as by their talents。  However this may be; it is certain

that their happiness in life depends mainly upon their equanimity

of disposition; their patience and forbearance; and their kindness

and thoughtfulness for those about them。  It is really true what

Plato says; that in seeking the good of others we find our own。



There are some natures so happily constituted that they can find

good in everything。  There is no calamity so great but they can

educe comfort or consolation from itno sky so black but they

can discover a gleam of sunshine issuing through it from some

quarter or another; and if the sun be not visible to their eyes;

they at least comfort themselves with the thought that it IS

there; though veiled from them for some good and wise purpose。



Such happy natures are to be envied。  They have a beam in the eye

a beam of pleasure; gladness; religious cheerfulness;

philosophy; call it what you will。  Sunshine is about their

hearts; and their mind gilds with its own hues all that it looks

upon。  When they have burdens to bear; they bear them cheerfully

not repining; nor fretting; nor wasting their energies in useless

lamentation; but struggling onward manfully; gathering up such

flowers as lie along their path。



Let it not for a moment be supposed that men such as those we

speak of are weak and unreflective。  The largest and most

comprehensive natures are generally also the most cheerful; the

most loving; the most hopeful; the most trustful。  It is the wise

man; of large vision; who is the quickest to discern the moral

sunshine gleaming through the darkest cloud。  In present evil he

sees prospective good; in pain; he recognises the effort of nature

to restore health; in trials; he finds correction and discipline;

and in sorrow and suffering; he gathers courage; knowledge; and

the best practical wisdom。



When Jeremy Taylor had lost allwhen his house had been

plundered; and his family driven out…of…doors; and all his worldly

estate had been sequestratedhe could still write thus: 〃I am

fallen into the hands of publicans and sequestrators; and they

have taken all from me; what now?  Let me look about me。  They

have left me the sun and moon; a loving wife; and many friends to

pity me; and some to relieve me; and I can still discourse; and;

unless I list; they have not taken away my merry countenance and

my cheerful spirit; and a good conscience; they have still left me

the providence of God; and all the promises of the Gospel; and my

religion; and my hopes of heaven; and my charity to them; too; and

still I sleep and digest; I eat and drink; I read and meditate。。。。

And he that hath so many causes of joy; and so great; is very much

in love with sorrow and peevishness; who loves all these

pleasures; and chooses to sit down upon his little handful

of thorns。〃 (1)



Although cheerfulness of disposition is very much a matter of

inborn temperament; it is also capable of being trained and

cultivated like any other habit。  We may make the best of life; or

we may make the worst of it; and it depends very much upon

ourselves whether we extract joy or misery from it。  There are

always two sides of life on which we can look; according as we

choosethe bright side or the gloomy。  We can bring the power of

the will to bear in making the choice; and thus cultivate the

habit of being happy or the reverse。  We can encourage the

disposition of looking at the brightest side of things; instead of

the darkest。 And while we see the cloud; let us not shut our eyes

to the silver lining。



The beam in the eye sheds brightness; beauty; and joy upon life in

all its phases。  It shines upon coldness; and warms it; upon

suffering; and comforts it; upon ignorance; and enlightens it;

upon sorrow; and cheers it。  The beam in the eye gives lustre to

intellect; and brightens beauty itself。  Without it the sunshine

of life is not felt; flowers bloom in vain; the marvels of heaven

and earth are not seen or acknowledged; and creation is but a

dreary; lifeless; soulless blank。



While cheerfulness of disposition is a great source of enjoyment

in life; it is also a great safeguard of character。  A devotional

writer of the present day; in answer to the question; How are we

to overcome temptations? says: 〃Cheerfulness is the first thing;

cheerfulness is the second; and cheerfulness is the third。〃  It

furnishes the best soil for the growth of goodness and virtue。  It

gives brightness of heart and elasticity of spirit。  It is the

companion of charity; the nurse of patience the mother of wisdom。

It is also the best of moral and mental tonics。  〃The best cordial

of all;〃 said Dr。 Marshall Hall to one of his patients; 〃is

cheerfulness。〃  And Solomon has said that 〃a merry heart doeth

good like a medicine。〃  When Luther was once applied to for a

remedy against melancholy; his advice was: 〃Gaiety and courage

innocent gaiety; and rational honourable courageare the best

medicine for young men; and for old men; too; for all men against

sad thoughts。〃 (2)  Next to music; if not before it; Luther loved

children and flowers。  The great gnarled man had a heart as

tender as a woman's。



Cheerfulness is also an excellent wearing quality。  It has been

called the bright weather of the heart。  It gives harmony of soul;

and is a perpetual song without words。  It is tantamount to

repose。  It enables nature to recruit its strength; whereas worry

and discontent debilitate it; involving constant wear…and…tear。

How is it that we see such men as Lord Palmerston growing old in

harness; working on vigorously to the end?  Mainly through

equanimity of temper and habitual cheerfulness。  They have

educated themselves in the habit of endurance; of not being easily

provoked; of bearing and forbearing; of hearing harsh and even

unjust things said of them without indulging in undue resentment;

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