character-第51部分
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l'inspiration de l'egoisme; et nous autres Francais; nous n'avons
rien su en faire; parceque NOUS NE POUVONS RIEN DANS
L'ISOLEMENT。。。。 L'Americain supporte la solitude avec un
stoicisme admirable; mais effrayant; il ne l'aime pas; il ne songe
qu'a la detruire。。。。 Le Francais est tout autre。 Il aime son
parent; son ami; son compagnon; et jusqu'a son voisin d'omnibus ou
de theatre; si sa figure lui est sympathetique。 Pourquoi? Parce
qu'il le regarde et cherche son ame; parce qu'il vit dans son
semblable autant qu'en lui…meme。 Quand il est longtemps seul; il
deperit; et quand il est toujours seul; it meurt。〃
All this is perfectly true; and it explains why the comparatively
unsociable Germans; English; and Americans; are spreading over the
earth; while the intensely sociable Frenchmen; unable to enjoy
life without each other's society; prefer to stay at home; and
France fails to extend itself beyond France。
(16) The Irish have; in many respects; the same strong social instincts
as the French。 In the United States they cluster naturally in the
towns; where they have their 〃Irish Quarters;〃 as in England。
They are even more Irish there than at home; and can no more
forget that they are Irishmen than the French can that they are
Frenchmen。 〃I deliberately assert;〃 says Mr。 Maguire; in his
recent work on 'The Irish in America;' 〃that it is not within the
power of language to describe adequately; much less to exaggerate;
the evils consequent on the unhappy tendency of the Irish to
congregate in the large towns of America。〃 It is this intense
socialism of the Irish that keeps them in a comparatively hand…to…
mouth condition in all the States of the Union。
(17) 'The Statesman;' p。 35。
(18) Nathaniel Hawthorne; in his 'First Impressions of France and
Italy;' says his opinion of the uncleanly character of the modern
Romans is so unfavourable that he hardly knows how to express it
〃But the fact is that through the Forum; and everywhere out of the
commonest foot…track and roadway; you must look well to your
steps。。。。 Perhaps there is something in the minds of the people
of these countries that enables them to dissever small ugliness
from great sublimity and beauty。 They spit upon the glorious
pavement of St。 Peter's; and wherever else they like; they place
paltry…looking wooden confessionals beneath its sublime arches;
and ornament them with cheap little coloured prints of the
Crucifixion; they hang tin hearts; and other tinsel and trumpery;
at the gorgeous shrines of the saints; in chapels that are
encrusted with gems; or marbles almost as precious; they put
pasteboard statues of saints beneath the dome of the Pantheon;
in short; they let the sublime and the ridiculous come close
together; and are not in the least troubled by the proximity。〃
(19) Edwin Chadwick's 'Address to the Economic Science and Statistic
Section;' British Association (Meeting; 1862)。
CHAPTER XCOMPANIONSHIP OF BOOKS。
〃Books; we know;
Are a substantial world; both pure and good;
Round which; with tendrils strong as flesh and blood;
Our pastime and our happiness can grow。〃 WORDSWORTH。
〃Not only in the common speech of men; but in all art toowhich
is or should be the concentrated and conserved essence of what men
can speak and showBiography is almost the one thing needful〃
CARLYLE。
〃I read all biographies with intense interest。 Even a man without
a heart; like Cavendish; I think about; and read about; and dream
about; and picture to myself in all possible ways; till he grows
into a living being beside me; and I put my feet into his shoes;
and become for the time Cavendish; and think as he thought; and do
as he did。〃GEORGE WILSON。
〃My thoughts are with the dead; with them
I live in long…past years;
Their virtues love; their faults condemn;
Partake their hopes and fears;
And from their lessons seek and find
Instruction with a humble mind。〃SOUTHEY。
A man may usually be known by the books he reads; as well as by
the company he keeps; for there is a companionship of books as
well as of men; and one should always live in the best company;
whether it be of books or of men。
A good book may be among the best of friends。 It is the same to…
day that it always was; and it will never change。 It is the most
patient and cheerful of companions。 It does not turn its back
upon us in times of adversity or distress。 It always receives us
with the same kindness; amusing and instructing us in youth; and
comforting and consoling us in age。
Men often discover their affinity to each other by the mutual love
they have for a bookjust as two persons sometimes discover a
friend by the admiration which both entertain for a third。 There
is an old proverb; 〃Love me; love my dog。〃 But there is more
wisdom in this: 〃Love me; love my book。〃 The book is a truer and
higher bond of union。 Men can think; feel; and sympathise with
each other through their favourite author。 They live in him
together; and he in them。
〃Books;〃 said Hazlitt; 〃wind into the heart; the poet's verse
slides into the current of our blood。 We read them when young; we
remember them when old。 We read there of what has happened to
others; we feel that it has happened to ourselves。 They are to be
had everywhere cheap and good。 We breathe but the air of books。
We owe everything to their authors; on this side barbarism。〃
A good book is often the best urn of a life; enshrining the best
thoughts of which that life was capable; for the world of a man's
life is; for the most part; but the world of his thoughts。 Thus
the best books are treasuries of good words and golden thoughts;
which; remembered and cherished; become our abiding companions and
comforters。 〃They are never alone;〃 said Sir Philip Sidney; 〃that
are accompanied by noble thoughts。〃 The good and true thought may
in time of temptation be as an angel of mercy purifying and
guarding the soul。 It also enshrines the germs of action; for
good words almost invariably inspire to good works。
Thus Sir Henry Lawrence prized above all other compositions
Wordsworth's 'Character of the Happy Warrior;' which he
endeavoured to embody in his own life。 It was ever before him as
an exemplar。 He thought of it continually; and often quoted it to
others。 His biographer says: 〃He tried to conform his own life
and to assimilate his own character to it; and he succeeded; as
all men succeed who are truly in earnest。〃 (1)
Books possess an essence of immortality。 They are by far the most
lasting products of human effort。 Temples crumble into ruin;
pictures and statues decay; but books survive。 Time is of no
account with great thoughts; which are as fresh to…day as when
they first passed through their authors' minds ages ago。 What was
then said and thought still speaks to us as vividly as ever from
the printed page。 The only effect of time has been to sift and
winnow out the bad products; for nothing in literature can long
survive but what is really good。 (2)
Books introduce us into the best society; they bring us into the
presence of the greatest minds that have ever lived。 We hear what
they said and did; we see them as if they were really alive; we
are participators in their thoughts; we sympathise with them;
enjoy with them; grieve with them; their experience becomes ours;
and we feel as if we were in a measure actors with them in the
scenes which they describe。
The great and good do not die; even in this world。 Embalmed in
books their spirits walk abroad。 The book is a living voice。 It
is an intellect to which one still listens。 Hence we ever remain
under the influence of the great men of old:
〃The dead but sceptred sovrans; who still rule
Our spirits from their urns。〃
The imperial intellects of the world are as much alive now as they
were ages ago。 Homer still lives; and though his personal history
is hidden in the mists of antiquity; his poems are as fresh to…day
as if they had been newly written。 Plato still teaches his
transcendent philosophy; Horace; Virgil; and Dante still sing as
when they lived; Shakspeare is not dead: his body was buried in
1616; but his mind is as much alive in England now; and his
thought as far…reaching; as in the time of the Tudors。
The humblest and poorest may enter the society of these great
spirits without being thought intrusive。 All who can read have
got the ENTREE。 Would you laugh?Cervantes or Rabelais will
laugh with you。 Do you grieve?there is Thomas a Kempis or
Jeremy Taylor to grieve with and console you。 Always it is to
books; and the spirits of great men embalmed in them; that we
turn; for entertainment; for instruction and solacein joy and
in sorrow; as in prosperity and in adversity。
Man himself is; of all things in the world; the most interesting
to man。 Whatever relates to human lifeits experiences; its
joys; its sufferings; and its achievementshas usually
attractions for him beyond all else。 Each man is more or less
interested in all other men as his fellow…creaturesas members
of the great family of humankind; and the larger a man's culture;
the wider is the range of his sympathies in all that affects the
welfare of his race。
Men's interest in each other as individuals manifests itself in a
thousand waysin the portraits which they paint; in the busts
which they carve; in the narratives which they relate of each
other。 〃Man;〃 says Emerson; 〃can paint; or make; or think;
nothing but Man。〃 Most of all is this interest shown in the
fascination which personal history possesses for him。 〃Man s
sociality of nature;〃 says Carlyle; 〃evinces itself; in spite of
all that ca