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l'inspiration de l'egoisme; et nous autres Francais; nous n'avons

rien su en faire; parceque NOUS NE POUVONS RIEN DANS

L'ISOLEMENT。。。。  L'Americain supporte la solitude avec un

stoicisme admirable; mais effrayant; il ne l'aime pas; il ne songe

qu'a la detruire。。。。  Le Francais est tout autre。  Il aime son

parent; son ami; son compagnon; et jusqu'a son voisin d'omnibus ou

de theatre; si sa figure lui est sympathetique。  Pourquoi?  Parce

qu'il le regarde et cherche son ame; parce qu'il vit dans son

semblable autant qu'en lui…meme。  Quand il est longtemps seul; il

deperit; et quand il est toujours seul; it meurt。〃



All this is perfectly true; and it explains why the comparatively

unsociable Germans; English; and Americans; are spreading over the

earth; while the intensely sociable Frenchmen; unable to enjoy

life without each other's society; prefer to stay at home; and

France fails to extend itself beyond France。





(16) The Irish have; in many respects; the same strong social instincts

as the French。  In the United States they cluster naturally in the

towns; where they have their 〃Irish Quarters;〃 as in England。

They are even more Irish there than at home; and can no more

forget that they are Irishmen than the French can that they are

Frenchmen。  〃I deliberately assert;〃 says Mr。 Maguire; in his

recent work on 'The Irish in America;' 〃that it is not within the

power of language to describe adequately; much less to exaggerate;

the evils consequent on the unhappy tendency of the Irish to

congregate in the large towns of America。〃  It is this intense

socialism of the Irish that keeps them in a comparatively hand…to…

mouth condition in all the States of the Union。



(17) 'The Statesman;' p。 35。



(18) Nathaniel Hawthorne; in his 'First Impressions of France and

Italy;' says his opinion of the uncleanly character of the modern

Romans is so unfavourable that he hardly knows how to express it

〃But the fact is that through the Forum; and everywhere out of the

commonest foot…track and roadway; you must look well to your

steps。。。。  Perhaps there is something in the minds of the people

of these countries that enables them to dissever small ugliness

from great sublimity and beauty。  They spit upon the glorious

pavement of St。 Peter's; and wherever else they like; they place

paltry…looking wooden confessionals beneath its sublime arches;

and ornament them with cheap little coloured prints of the

Crucifixion; they hang tin hearts; and other tinsel and trumpery;

at the gorgeous shrines of the saints; in chapels that are

encrusted with gems; or marbles almost as precious; they put

pasteboard statues of saints beneath the dome of the Pantheon;

in short; they let the sublime and the ridiculous come close

together; and are not in the least troubled by the proximity。〃



(19) Edwin Chadwick's 'Address to the Economic Science and Statistic

Section;' British Association (Meeting; 1862)。







CHAPTER XCOMPANIONSHIP OF BOOKS。







                         〃Books; we know;

      Are a substantial world; both pure and good;

      Round which; with tendrils strong as flesh and blood;

      Our pastime and our happiness can grow。〃 WORDSWORTH。



〃Not only in the common speech of men; but in all art toowhich

is or should be the concentrated and conserved essence of what men

can speak and showBiography is almost the one thing needful〃

                                              CARLYLE。





〃I read all biographies with intense interest。 Even a man without

a heart; like Cavendish; I think about; and read about; and dream

about; and picture to myself in all possible ways; till he grows

into a living being beside me; and I put my feet into his shoes;

and become for the time Cavendish; and think as he thought; and do

as he did。〃GEORGE WILSON。



          〃My thoughts are with the dead; with them

            I live in long…past years;

          Their virtues love; their faults condemn;

            Partake their hopes and fears;

          And from their lessons seek and find

            Instruction with a humble mind。〃SOUTHEY。



A man may usually be known by the books he reads; as well as by

the company he keeps; for there is a companionship of books as

well as of men; and one should always live in the best company;

whether it be of books or of men。



A good book may be among the best of friends。  It is the same to…

day that it always was; and it will never change。  It is the most

patient and cheerful of companions。  It does not turn its back

upon us in times of adversity or distress。  It always receives us

with the same kindness; amusing and instructing us in youth; and

comforting and consoling us in age。



Men often discover their affinity to each other by the mutual love

they have for a bookjust as two persons sometimes discover a

friend by the admiration which both entertain for a third。  There

is an old proverb; 〃Love me; love my dog。〃  But there is more

wisdom in this: 〃Love me; love my book。〃  The book is a truer and

higher bond of union。  Men can think; feel; and sympathise with

each other through their favourite author。  They live in him

together; and he in them。



〃Books;〃 said Hazlitt; 〃wind into the heart; the poet's verse

slides into the current of our blood。  We read them when young; we

remember them when old。  We read there of what has happened to

others; we feel that it has happened to ourselves。  They are to be

had everywhere cheap and good。  We breathe but the air of books。

We owe everything to their authors; on this side barbarism。〃



A good book is often the best urn of a life; enshrining the best

thoughts of which that life was capable; for the world of a man's

life is; for the most part; but the world of his thoughts。  Thus

the best books are treasuries of good words and golden thoughts;

which; remembered and cherished; become our abiding companions and

comforters。  〃They are never alone;〃 said Sir Philip Sidney; 〃that

are accompanied by noble thoughts。〃  The good and true thought may

in time of temptation be as an angel of mercy purifying and

guarding the soul。  It also enshrines the germs of action; for

good words almost invariably inspire to good works。



Thus Sir Henry Lawrence prized above all other compositions

Wordsworth's 'Character of the Happy Warrior;' which he

endeavoured to embody in his own life。  It was ever before him as

an exemplar。  He thought of it continually; and often quoted it to

others。  His biographer says: 〃He tried to conform his own life

and to assimilate his own character to it; and he succeeded; as

all men succeed who are truly in earnest。〃 (1)



Books possess an essence of immortality。  They are by far the most

lasting products of human effort。  Temples crumble into ruin;

pictures and statues decay; but books survive。  Time is of no

account with great thoughts; which are as fresh to…day as when

they first passed through their authors' minds ages ago。  What was

then said and thought still speaks to us as vividly as ever from

the printed page。  The only effect of time has been to sift and

winnow out the bad products; for nothing in literature can long

survive but what is really good。 (2)



Books introduce us into the best society; they bring us into the

presence of the greatest minds that have ever lived。  We hear what

they said and did; we see them as if they were really alive; we

are participators in their thoughts; we sympathise with them;

enjoy with them; grieve with them; their experience becomes ours;

and we feel as if we were in a measure actors with them in the

scenes which they describe。



The great and good do not die; even in this world。  Embalmed in

books their spirits walk abroad。  The book is a living voice。  It

is an intellect to which one still listens。  Hence we ever remain

under the influence of the great men of old:



         〃The dead but sceptred sovrans; who still rule

          Our spirits from their urns。〃



The imperial intellects of the world are as much alive now as they

were ages ago。  Homer still lives; and though his personal history

is hidden in the mists of antiquity; his poems are as fresh to…day

as if they had been newly written。  Plato still teaches his

transcendent philosophy; Horace; Virgil; and Dante still sing as

when they lived; Shakspeare is not dead: his body was buried in

1616; but his mind is as much alive in England now; and his

thought as far…reaching; as in the time of the Tudors。



The humblest and poorest may enter the society of these great

spirits without being thought intrusive。  All who can read have

got the ENTREE。 Would you laugh?Cervantes or Rabelais will

laugh with you。  Do you grieve?there is Thomas a Kempis or

Jeremy Taylor to grieve with and console you。  Always it is to

books; and the spirits of great men embalmed in them; that we

turn; for entertainment; for instruction and solacein joy and

in sorrow; as in prosperity and in adversity。



Man himself is; of all things in the world; the most interesting

to man。  Whatever relates to human lifeits experiences; its

joys; its sufferings; and its achievementshas usually

attractions for him beyond all else。  Each man is more or less

interested in all other men as his fellow…creaturesas members

of the great family of humankind; and the larger a man's culture;

the wider is the range of his sympathies in all that affects the

welfare of his race。



Men's interest in each other as individuals manifests itself in a

thousand waysin the portraits which they paint; in the busts

which they carve; in the narratives which they relate of each

other。  〃Man;〃 says Emerson; 〃can paint; or make; or think;

nothing but Man。〃  Most of all is this interest shown in the

fascination which personal history possesses for him。  〃Man s

sociality of nature;〃 says Carlyle; 〃evinces itself; in spite of

all that ca

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