the malay archipelago-2-第5部分

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　spot。　Some　dozen　species　of　good…sized　golden　Buprestidae；　green　rose…chafers　（Lomaptera）；　and　long…horned　weevils　（Anthribidae）；　were　so　abundant　that　they　rose　up　in　swarms　as　I　walked　along；　filling　the　air　with　a　loud　buzzing　hum。　Along　with　these；　several　fine　Longicorns　were　almost　equally　common；　forming　such　au　assemblage　as　for　once　to　realize　that　idea　of　tropical　luxuriance　which　one　obtains　by　looking　over　the　drawers　of　a　well…filled　cabinet。　On　the　under　sides　of　the　trunks　clung　numbers　of　smaller　or　more　sluggish　Longicorns；　while　on　the　branches　at　the　edge　of　the　clearing　others　could　be　detected　sitting　with　outstretched　antenna　ready　to　take　flight　at　the　least　alarm。　It　was　a　glorious　spot；　and　one　which　will　always　live　in　my　memory　as　exhibiting　the　insect…life　of　the　tropics　in　unexampled　luxuriance。　For　the　three　following　days　I　continued　to　visit　this　locality；　adding　each　time　many　new　species　to　my　collection…the　following　notes　of　which　may　be　interesting　to　entomologists。　October　l5th；　33　species　of　beetles；　16th；　70　species；　17th；　47　species；　18th；　40　species；　19th；　56　speciesin　all　about　a　hundred　species；　of　which　forty　were　new　to　me。　There　were　forty…four　species　of　Longicorns　among　them；　and　on　the　last　day　I　took　twenty…eight　species　of　Longicorns；　of　which　five　were　new　to　me。

My　boys　were　less　fortunate　in　shooting。　The　only　birds　at　all　common　were　the　great　red　parrot　（Eclectus　grandis）；　found　in　most　of　the　Moluccas；　a　crow；　and　a　Megapodius；　or　mound…maker。　A　few　of　the　pretty　racquet…tailed　kingfishers　were　also　obtained；　but　in　very　poor　plumage。　They　proved；　however；　to　be　of　a　different　species　from　those　found　in　the　other　islands；　and　come　nearest　to　the　bird　originally　described　by　Linnaeus　under　the　name　of　Alcedo　dea；　and　which　came　from　Ternate。　This　would　indicate　that　the　small　chain　of　islands　parallel　to　Gilolo　have　a　few　peculiar　species　in　common；　a　fact　which　certainly　occurs　in　insects。

The　people　of　Kaioa　interested　me　much。　They　are　evidently　a　mixed　race；　having　Malay　and　Papuan　affinities；　and　are　allied　to　the　peoples　of　Ternate　and　of　Gilolo。　They　possess　a　peculiar　language；　somewhat　resembling　those　of　the　surrounding　islands；　but　quite　distinct。　They　are　now　Mahometans；　and　are　subject　to　Ternate；　The　only　fruits　seen　here　were　papaws　and　pine…apples；　the　rocky　soil　and　dry　climate　being　unfavourable。　Rice；　maize；　and　plantains　flourish　well；　except　that　they　suffer　from　occasional　dry　seasons　like　the　present　one。　There　is　a　little　cotton　grown；　from　which　the　women　weave　sarongs　（Malay　petticoats）。　There　is　only　one　well　of　good　water　on　the　islands；　situated　close　to　the　landing…place；　to　which　all　the　inhabitants　come　for　drinking　water。　The　men　are　good　boat…builders；　and　they　make　a　regular　trade　of　it　and　seem　to　be　very　well　off。

After　five　days　at　Kaióa　we　continued　our　journey；　and　soon　got　among　the　narrow　straits　and　islands　which　lead　down　to　the　town　of　Batchian。　In　the　evening　we　stayed　at　a　settlement　of　Galela　men。　These　are　natives　of　a　district　in　the　extreme　north　of　Gilolo；　and　are　great　wanderers　over　this　part　of　the　Archipelago。　They　build　large　and　roomy　praus　with　outriggers；　and　settle　on　any　coast　or　island　they　take　a　fancy　for。　They　hunt　deer　and　wild　pig；　drying　the　meat；　they　catch　turtle　and　tripang；　they　cut　down　the　forest　and　plant　rice　or　maize；　and　are　altogether　remarkably　energetic　and　industrious。　They　are　very　line　people；　of　light　complexion；　tall；　and　with　Papuan　features；　coming　nearer　to　the　drawings　and　descriptions　of　the　true　Polynesians　of　Tahiti　and　Owyhee　than　any　I　have　seen。

During　this　voyage　I　had　several　times　had　an　opportunity　of　seeing　my　men　get　fire　by　friction。　A　sharp…edged　piece　of　bamboo　is　rubbed　across　the　convex　surface　of　another　piece；　on　which　a　small　notch　is　first　cut。　The　rubbing　is　slow　at　first　and　gradually　quicker；　till　it　becomes　very　rapid；　and　the　fine　powder　rubbed　off　ignites　and　falls　through　the　hole　which　the　rubbing　has　cut　in　the　bamboo。　This　is　done　with　great　quickness　and　certainty。　The　Ternate；　people　use　bamboo　in　another　way。　They　strike　its　flinty　surface　with　a　bit　of　broken　china；　and　produce　a　spark；　which　they　catch　in　some　kind　of　tinder。

On　the　evening　of　October　21st　we　reached　our　destination；　having　been　twelve　days　on　the　voyage。　It　had　been　tine　weather　all　the　time；　and；　although　very　hot；　I　had　enjoyed　myself　exceedingly；　and　had　besides　obtained　some　experience　in　boat　work　among　islands　and　coral　reefs；　which　enabled　me　afterwards　to　undertake　much　longer　voyages　of　the　same　kind。　The　village　or　town　of　Batchian　is　situated　at　the　head　of　a　wide　and　deep　bay；　where　a　low　isthmus　connects　the　northern　and　southern　mountainous　parts　of　the　island。　To　the　south　is　a　fine。　range　of　mountains；　and　I　had　noticed　at　several　of　our　landing…places　that　the　geological　formation　of　the　island　was　very　different　from　those　around　it。　Whenever　rock　was　visible　it　was　either　sandstone　in　thin　layers；　dipping　south；　or　a　pebbly　conglomerate。　Sometimes　there　was　a　little　coralline　limestone；　but　no　volcanic　rocks。　The　forest　had　a　dense　luxuriance　and　loftiness　seldom　found　on　the　dry　and　porous　lavas　and　raised　coral　reefs　of　Ternate　and　Gilolo；　and　hoping　for　a　corresponding　richness　in　the　birds　and　insects；　it　was　with　much　satisfaction　and　with　considerable　expectation　that　I　began　my　explorations　in　the　hitherto　unknown　island　of　Batchian。

CHAPTER　XXIV。

BATCHIAN。

（OCTOBER　1858　To　APRIL　1859。）

I　LANDED　opposite　the　house　kept　for　the　use　of　the　Resident　of　Ternate；　and　was　met　by　a　respectable　middle…aged　Malay；　who　told　me　he　was　Secretary　to　the　Sultan；　and　would　receive　the　official　letter　with　which　I　had　been　provided。　On　giving　it　him；　he　at　once　informed　me　I　might　have　the　use　of　the　official　residence　which　was　empty。　I　soon　got　my　things　on　shore；　but　on　looking　about　me　found　that　the　house　would　never　do　to　stay　long　in。　There　was　no　water　except　at　a　considerable　distance；　and　one　of　my　men　would　be　almost　entirely　occupied　getting　water　and　firewood；　and　I　should　myself　have　to　walk　all　through　the　village　every　day　to　the　forest；　and　live　almost　in　public；　a　thing　I　much　dislike。　The　rooms　were　all　boarded；　and　had　ceilings；　which　are　a　great　nuisance；　as　there　are　no　means　of　hanging　anything　up　except　by　driving　nails；　and　not　half　the　conveniences　of　a　native　bamboo　and　thatch　cottage。　I　accordingly　inquired　for　a　house　outside　of　the　village　on　the　road　to　the　coal　mines；　and　was　informed　by　the　Secretary　that　there　was　a　small　one　belonging　to　the　Sultan；　and　that　he　would　go　with　me　early　next　morning　to　see　it。

We　had　to　pass　one　large　river；　by　a　rude　but　substantial　bridge；　and　to　wade　through　another　fine　pebbly　stream　of　clear　water；　just　beyond　which　the　little　but　was　situated。　It　was　very　small；　not　raised　on　posts；　but　with　the　earth　for　a　floor；　and　was　built　almost　entirely　of　the　leaf…stems　of　the　sago…palm；　called　here　〃gaba…gaba。〃　Across　the　river　behind　rose　a　forest…clad　bank；　and　a　good　road　close　in　front　of　the　horse　led　through　cultivated　grounds　to　the　forest　about　half　a　mile　on；　and　thence　to　the　coal　mines　tour　miles　further。　These　advantages　at　once　decided　me；　and　I　told　the　Secretary　I　would　be　very　glad　to　occupy　the　house。　I　therefore　sent　my　two　men　immediately　to　buy　〃ataps〃　（palm…leaf　thatch）　to　repair　the　roof；　and　the　next　day；　with　the　assistance　of　eight　of　the　Sultan's　men；　got　all　my　stores　and　furniture　carried　up　and　pretty　comfortably　arranged。　A　rough　bamboo　bedstead　was　soon　constructed；　and　a　table　made　of　boards　which　I　had　brought　with　me；　fixed　under　the　window。　Two　bamboo　chairs；　an　easy　cane　chair；　and　hanging　shelves　suspended　with　insulating　oil　cups；　so　as　to　be　safe　from　ants；　completed　my　furnishing　arrangements。

In　the　afternoon　succeeding　my　arrival；　the　Secretary　accompanied　me　to　visit　the　Sultan。　We　were　kept　waiting　a　few　minutes　in　an　outer　gate…house；　and　then　ushered　to　the　door　of　a　rude；　half…　fortified　whitewashed　house。　A　small　table　and　three　chairs　were　placed　in　a　large　outer　corridor；　and　an　old　dirty…faced　man　with　grey　hair　and　a　grimy　beard；　dressed　in　a　speckled　blue　cotton　jacket　and　loose　red　trousers；　came　forward；　shook　hands；　and　asked　me　to　be　coated。　After　a　quarter　of　an　hour's　conversation　on　my　pursuits；　in　which　his　Majesty　seemed　to　take　great　interest；　tea　and　cakes…of　rather　better　quality　than　usual　on　such　occasions…were　brought　in。　I　thanked　him　for　the　house；　and　offered　to　show　him　my　collections；　which　he　promised　to　come　and　look　at。　He　then　asked　me　to　teach　him　to　take　views…to　make　maps…to　get　him　a　small　gun　from　England；　and　a　milch…goat　from　Bengal；　all　of　which　requests　I　evaded　as　skilfully　as　I　was　able；　and　we　parted　very　good　friends。　He　seemed　a　sensible　old　man；　and　lamented　the　small　population　of　the　island；　which　he　assured　me　was　rich　in　many　valuable　minerals；　including　gold；　but　there　were　not　people　enough　to　look　after　them　and　work　them。　I　described　to　him　the　great　rush　of　population　on　the　discovery　of　the　Australian　gold　mines；　and　the　huge　nuggets　found　there；　with　which　he　was　much　interested；　and　exclaimed；　〃Oh？　if　we　had　but　people　like　that；　my　country　would　be　quite　as　rich　〃

The　morning　after　I　had　got　into　my　new　house；　I　sent　my　boys　out　to　shoot；　and　went　myself　to　explore　the　road　to　the　coal　mines。　In　less　than　half　a　mile　it　entered　the　virgin　forest；　at　a　place　where　some　magnificent　trees　formed　a　kind　of　natural　avenue。　The　first　part　was　flat　and　swampy；　but　it　soon　rose　a　little；　and　ran　alongside　the　fine　stream　which　passed　behind　my　house；　and　which　here　rushed　and　gurgled　over　a　rocky　or　pebbly　bed；　sometimes　leaving　wide　sandbanks　on　its　margins；　and　at　other　places　flowing　between　high　banks　crowned　with　a　varied　and　magnificent　forest　vegetation。　After　about　two　miles；　the　valley　narrowed；　and　the　road　was　carried　along　the　steep　hill…side　which　rose　abruptly　from　the　water's　edge。　In　some　places　the　rock　had　been　cut　away；　but　its　surface　was　already　covered　with　elegant　ferns　and　creepers。　Gigantic　tree…ferns　were　abundant；　and　the　whole　forest　had　an　air　of　luxuriance　an