the antiquities of the jews-1-第178部分

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people；　upon　the　representation　of　Marcus　Alexander；　was　this：
Since　we　have　ever　a　great　regard　to　piety　towards　God；　and　to
holiness；　and　since　we　aim　to　follow　the　people　of　the　Romans；
who　are　the　benefactors　of　all　men；　and　what　they　have　written　to
us　about　a　league　of　friendship　and　mutual　assistance　between　the
Jews　and　our　city；　and　that　their　sacred　offices　and　accustomed
festivals　and　assemblies　may　be　observed　by　them；　we　have
decreed；　that　as　many　men　and　women　of　the　Jews　as　are　willing　so
to　do；　may　celebrate　their　Sabbaths；　and　perform　their　holy
offices；　according　to　Jewish　laws；　and　may　make　their　proseuchae
at　the　sea…side；　according　to　the　customs　of　their　forefathers；
and　if　any　one；　whether　he　be　a　magistrate　or　private　person；
hindereth　them　from　so　doing；　he　shall　be　liable　to　a　fine；　to　be
applied　to　the　uses　of　the　city。〃

24。　The　decree　of　the　Sardians。　〃This　decree　was　made　by　the
senate　and　people；　upon　the　representation　of　the　praetors：
Whereas　those　Jews　who　are　fellow　citizens；　and　live　with　us　in
this　city；　have　ever　had　great　benefits　heaped　upon　them　by　the
people；　and　have　come　now　into　the　senate；　and　desired　of　the
people；　that　upon　the　restitution　of　their　law　and　their　liberty；
by　the　senate　and　people　of　Rome；　they　may　assemble　together；
according　to　their　ancient　legal　custom；　and　that　we　will　not
bring　any　suit　against　them　about　it；　and　that　a　place　may　be
given　them　where　they　may　have　their　congregations；　with　their
wives　and　children；　and　may　offer；　as　did　their　forefathers；
their　prayers　and　sacrifices　to　God。　Now　the　senate　and　people
have　decreed　to　permit　them　to　assemble　together　on　the　days
formerly　appointed；　and　to　act　according　to　their　own　laws；　and
that　such　a　place　be　set　apart　for　them　by　the　praetors；　for　the
building　and　inhabiting　the　same；　as　they　shall　esteem　fit　for
that　purpose；　and　that　those　that　take　care　of　the　provision　for
the　city；　shall　take　care　that　such　sorts　of　food　as　they　esteem
fit　for　their　eating　may　be　imported　into　the　city。〃

25。　The　decree　of　the　Ephesians。　〃When　Menophilus　was　prytanis；
on　the　first　day　of　the　month　Artemisius；　this　decree　was　made　by
the　people：　Nicanor；　the　son　of　Euphemus；　pronounced　it；　upon　the
representation　of　the　praetors。　Since　the　Jews　that　dwell　in　this
city　have　petitioned　Marcus　Julius　Pompeius；　the　son　of　Brutus；
the　proconsul；　that　they　might　be　allowed　to　observe　their
Sabbaths；　and　to　act　in　all　things　according　to　the　customs　of
their　forefathers；　without　impediment　from　any　body；　the　praetor
hath　granted　their　petition。　Accordingly；　it　was　decreed　by　the
senate　and　people；　that　in　this　affair　that　concerned　the　Romans；
no　one　of　them　should　be　hindered　from　keeping　the　sabbath　day；
nor　be　fined　for　so　doing；　but　that　they　may　be　allowed　to　do　all
things　according　to　their　own　laws。〃

26。　Now　there　are　many　such　decrees　of　the　senate　and　imperators
of　the　Romans　（20）　and　those　different　from　these　before　us；
which　have　been　made　in　favor　of　Hyrcanus；　and　of　our　nation；　as
also；　there　have　been　more　decrees　of　the　cities；　and　rescripts
of　the　praetors；　to　such　epistles　as　concerned　our　rights　and
privileges；　and　certainly　such　as　are　not　ill…disposed　to　what　we
write　may　believe　that　they　are　all　to　this　purpose；　and　that　by
the　specimens　which　we　have　inserted；　for　since　we　have　produced
evident　marks　that　may　still　be　seen　of　the　friendship　we　have
had　with　the　Romans；　and　demonstrated　that　those　marks　are
engraven　upon　columns　and　tables　of　brass　in　the　capitol；　that
axe　still　in　being；　and　preserved　to　this　day；　we　have　omitted　to
set　them　all　down；　as　needless　and　disagreeable；　for　I　cannot
suppose　any　one　so　perverse　as　not　to　believe　the　friendship　we
have　had　with　the　Romans；　while　they　have　demonstrated　the　same
by　such　a　great　number　of　their　decrees　relating　to　us；　nor　will
they　doubt　of　our　fidelity　as　to　the　rest　of　those　decrees；　since
we　have　shown　the　same　in　those　we　have　produced；　And　thus　have
we　sufficiently　explained　that　friendship　and　confederacy　we　at
those　times　had　with　the　Romans。

CHAPTER　11。

How　Marcus；　Succeeded　Sextus　When　He　Had　Been　Slain　By　Bassus's
Treachery；　And　How；　After　The　Death　Of　Caesar；　Cassius　Came　Into
Syria；　And　Distressed　Judea；　As　Also　How　Malichus　Slew　Antipater
And　Was　Himself　Slain　By　Herod。

1。　Now　it　so　fell　out；　that　about　this　very　time　the　affairs　of
Syria　were　in　great　disorder；　and　this　on　the　occasion　following：
Cecilius　Bassus；　one　of　Pompey's　party；　laid　a　treacherous　design
against　Sextus　Ceasar；　and　slew　him；　and　then　took　his　army；　and
got　the　management　of　public　affairs　into　his　own　hand；　so　there
arose　a　great　war　about　Apamia；　while　Ceasar's　generals　came
against　him　with　an　army　of　horsemen　and　footmen；　to　these
Antipater　also　sent　succors；　and　his　sons　with　them；　as　calling
to　mind　the　kindnesses　they　had　received　from　Caesar；　and　on　that
account　he　thought　it　but　just　to　require　punishment　for　him；　and
to　take　vengeance　on　the　man　that　had　murdered　him。　And　as　the
war　was　drawn　out　into　a　great　length；　Marcus　（21）　came　from　Rome
to　take　Sextus's　government　upon　him。　But　Caesar　was　slain　by
Cassius　and　Brutus　in　the　senate…house；　after　he　had　retained　the
government　three　years　and　six　months。　This　fact　however；　is
related　elsewhere。

2。　As　the　war　that　arose　upon　the　death　of　Caesar　was　now　begun；
and　the　principal　men　were　all　gone；　some　one　way；　and　some
another；　to　raise　armies；　Cassius　came　from　Rome　into　Syria；　in
order　to　receive　the　＇army　that　lay　in　the＇　camp　at　Apamia；　and
having　raised　the　siege；　he　brought　over　both　Bassus　and　Marcus
to　his　party。　He　then　went　over　the　cities；　and　got　together
weapons　and　soldiers；　and　laid　great　taxes　upon　those　cities；　and
he　chiefly　oppressed　Judea；　and　exacted　of　it　seven　hundred
talents：　but　Antipater；　when　he　saw　the　state　to　be　in　so　great
consternation　and　disorder；　he　divided　the　collection　of　that
sum；　and　appointed　his　two　sons　to　gather　it；　and　so　that　part　of
it　was　to　be　exacted　by　Malichus；　who　was　ill…disposed　to　him；
and　part　by　others。　And　because　Herod　did　exact　what　is　required
of　him　from　Galilee　before　others；　he　was　in　the　greatest　favor
with　Cassius；　for　he　thought　it　a　part　of　prudence　to　cultivate　a
friendship　with　the　Romans；　and　to　gain　their　goodwill　at　the
expense　of　others；　whereas　the　curators　of　the　other　cities；　with
their　citizens；　were　sold　for　slaves；　and　Cassius　reduced　four
cities　into　a　state　of　slavery；　the　two　most　potent　of　which　were
Gophna　and　Emmaus；　and；　besides　these；　Lydia　and　Thamna。　Nay；
Cassius　was　so　very　angry　at　Malichus；　that　he　had　killed　him；
（for　he　assaulted　him；）　had　not　Hyrcanus；　by　the　means　of
Antipater；　sent　him　a　hundred　talents　of　his　own；　and　thereby
pacified　his　anger　against　him。

3。　But　after　Cassius　was　gone　out　of　Judea；　Malichus　laid　snares
for　Antipater；　as　thinking　that　his　death　would…be　the
preservation　of　Hyrcanus's　government；　but　his　design　was　not
unknown　to　Antipater；　which　when　he　perceived；　he　retired　beyond
Jordan；　and　got　together　an　army；　partly　of　Arabs；　and　partly　of
his　own　countrymen。　However；　Malichus；　being　one　of　great
cunning；　denied　that　he　had　laid　any　snares　for　him；　and　made　his
defense　with　an　oath；　both　to　himself　and　his　sons；　and　said　that
while　Phasaelus　had　a　garrison　in　Jerusalem；　and　Herod　had　the
weapons　of　war　in　his　custody；　he　could　never　have　a　thought　of
any　such　thing。　So　Antipater；　perceiving　the　distress　that
Malichus　was　in；　was　reconciled　to　him；　and　made　an　agreement
with　him：　this　was　when　Marcus　was　president　of　Syria；　who　yet
perceiving　that　this　Malichus　was　making　a　disturbance　in　Judea；
proceeded　so　far　that　he　had　almost　killed　him；　but　still；　at　the
intercession　of　Antipater；　he　saved　him。

4。　However；　Antipater　little　thought　that　by　saving　Malichus　he
had　saved　his　own　murderer；　for　now　Cassius　and　Marcus　had　got
together　an　army；　and　intrusted　the　entire　care　of　it　with　Herod；
and　made　him　general　of　the　forces　of　Celesyria；　and　gave　him　a
fleet　of　ships；　and　an　army　of　horsemen　and　footmen；　and　promised
him；　that　after　the　war　was　over　they　would　make　him　king　of
Judea；　for　a　war　was　already　begun　between　Antony　and　the　younger
Caesar：　but　as　Malichus　was　most　afraid　of　Antipater；　he　took　him
out　of　the　way；　and　by　the　offer　of　money；　persuaded　the　butler
of　Hyrcanus；　with　whom　they　were　both　to　feast；　to　kill　him　by
poison。　This　being　done；　and　he　having　armed　men　with　him；
settled　the　affairs　of　the　city。　But　when　Antipater's　sons；　Herod
and　Phasaelus；　were　acquainted　with　this　conspiracy　against　their
father；　and　had　indignation　at　it；　Malichus　denied　all；　and
utterly　renounced　any　knowledge　of　the　murder。　And　thus　died
Antipater；　a　man　that　had　distinguished　himself　for　piety　and
justice；　and　love　to　his　country。　And　whereas　one　of　his　sons；
Herod；　resolved　immediately　to　revenge　their　father's　death；　and
was　coming　upon　Malichus　with　an　army　for　that　purpose；　the　elder
of　his　sons；　Phasaelus；　thought　it　best　rather　to　get　this　man
into　their　hands　by　policy；　lest　they　should　appear　to　begin　a
civil　war　in　the　country；　so　he　accepted　of　Malichus's　defense
for　himself；　and　pretended　to　believe　him　that　he　had　had　no　hand
in　the　violent　death　of　Antipater　his　father；　but　erected　a　fine
monument　for　him。　Herod　also　went　to　Samaria；　and　when　he　found
them　in　great　distress；　he　revived　their　spirits；　and　composed
their　differences。

5。　However；　a　little　after　this；　Herod；　upon　the　approach　of　a
festival；　came　with　his　soldiers　into　the　city；　whereupon
Malichus　was　aftrighted；　and　persuaded　Hyrcanus　not　to　permit　him
to　come　into　the　city。　Hyrcanus　complied；　and；　for　a　pretense　of
excluding　him；　alleged；　that　a　rout　of　strangers　ought　not　to　be
admitted　when　the　multitude　were　purifying　themselves。　But　Herod
had　little　regard　to　the　messengers　that　were　sent　to　him；　and
entered　the　city　in　the　night　time；　and　aftrighted　Malichus；　yet
did　he　remit　nothing　of　his　former　dissimulation；　but　wept　for
Antipater；　and　bewailed　him　as　a　friend　of　his　with　a　loud　voice；
but　Herod　and　his　friends　though；　it　proper　not