the antiquities of the jews-1-第230部分

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CHAPTER　4。

How　The　Samaritans　Made　A　Tumult　And　Pilate　Destroyed　Many　Of
Them；　How　Pilate　Was　Accused　And　What　Things　Were　Done　By
Vitellius　Relating　To　The　Jews　And　The　Parthians。

1。　But　the　nation　of　the　Samaritans　did　not　escape　without
tumults。　The　man　who　excited　them　to　it　was　one　who　thought　lying
a　thing　of　little　consequence；　and　who　contrived　every　thing　so
that　the　multitude　might　be　pleased；　so　he　bid　them　to　get
together　upon　Mount　Gerizzim；　which　is　by　them　looked　upon　as　the
most　holy　of　all　mountains；　and　assured　them；　that　when　they　were
come　thither；　he　would　show　them　those　sacred　vessels　which　were
laid　under　that　place；　because　Moses　put　them　there　（12）　So　they
came　thither　armed；　and　thought　the　discourse　of　the　man
probable；　and　as　they　abode　at　a　certain　village；　which　was
called　Tirathaba；　they　got　the　rest　together　to　them；　and　desired
to　go　up　the　mountain　in　a　great　multitude　together；　but　Pilate
prevented　their　going　up；　by　seizing　upon　file　roads　with　a　great
band　of　horsemen　and　foot…men；　who　fell　upon　those　that　were
gotten　together　in　the　village；　and　when　it　came　to　an　action；
some　of　them　they　slew；　and　others　of　them　they　put　to　flight；
and　took　a　great　many　alive；　the　principal　of　which；　and　also　the
most　potent　of　those　that　fled　away；　Pilate　ordered　to　be　slain。

2。　But　when　this　tumult　was　appeased；　the　Samaritan　senate　sent
an　embassy　to　Vitellius；　a　man　that　had　been　consul；　and　who　was
now　president　of　Syria；　and　accused　Pilate　of　the　murder　of　those
that　were　killed；　for　that　they　did　not　go　to　Tirathaba　in　order
to　revolt　from　the　Romans；　but　to　escape　the　violence　of　Pilate。
So　Vitellius　sent　Marcellus；　a　friend　of　his；　to　take　care　of　the
affairs　of　Judea；　and　ordered　Pilate　to　go　to　Rome；　to　answer
before　the　emperor　to　the　accusations　of　the　Jews。　So　Pilate；
when　he　had　tarried　ten　years　in　Judea；　made　haste　to　Rome；　and
this　in　obedience　to　the　orders　of　Vitellius；　which　he　durst　not
contradict；　but　before　he　could　get　to　Rome　Tiberius　was　dead。

3。　But　Vitellius　came　into　Judea；　and　went　up　to　Jerusalem；　it
was　at　the　time　of　that　festival　which　is　called　the　Passover。
Vitellius　was　there　magnificently　received；　and　released　the
inhabitants　of　Jerusalem　from　all　the　taxes　upon　the　fruits　that
were　bought　and　sold；　and　gave　them　leave　to　have　the　care　of　the
high　priest's　vestments；　with　all　their　ornaments；　and　to　have
them　under　the　custody　of　the　priests　in　the　temple；　which　power
they　used　to　have　formerly；　although　at　this　time　they　were　laid
up　in　the　tower　of　Antonia；　the　citadel　so　called；　and　that　on
the　occasion　following：　There　was　one　of　the　＇high＇　priests；
named　Hyrcanus；　and　as　there　were　many　of　that　name；　he　was　the
first　of　them；　this　man　built　a　tower　near　the　temple；　and　when
he　had　so　done；　he　generally　dwelt　in　it；　and　had　these　vestments
with　him；　because　it　was　lawful　for　him　alone　to　put　them　on；　and
he　had　them　there　reposited　when　he　went　down　into　the　city；　and
took　his　ordinary　garments；　the　same　things　were　continued　to　be
done　by　his　sons；　and　by　their　sons　after　them。　But　when　Herod
came　to　be　king；　he　rebuilt　this　tower；　which　was　very
conveniently　situated；　in　a　magnificent　manner；　and　because　he
was　a　friend　to　Antonius；　he　called　it　by　the　name　of　Antonia。
And　as　he　found　these　vestments　lying　there；　he　retained　them　in
the　same　place；　as　believing；　that　while　he　had　them　in　his
custody；　the　people　would　make　no　innovations　against　him。　The
like　to　what　Herod　did　was　done　by　his　son　Archelaus；　who　was
made　king　after　him；　after　whom　the　Romans；　when　they　entered　on
the　government；　took　possession　of　these　vestments　of　the　high
priest；　and　had　them　reposited　in　a　stone…chamber；　under　the　seal
of　the　priests；　and　of　the　keepers　of　the　temple；　the　captain　of
the　guard　lighting　a　lamp　there　every　day；　and　seven　days　before
a　festival　（13）　they　were　delivered　to　them　by　the　captain　of　the
guard；　when　the　high　priest　having　purified　them；　and　made　use　of
them；　laid　them　up　again　in　the　same　chamber　where　they　had　been
laid　up　before；　and　this　the　very　next　day　after　the　feast　was
over。　This　was　the　practice　at　the　three　yearly　festivals；　and　on
the　fast　day；　but　Vitellius　put　those　garments　into　our　own
power；　as　in　the　days　of　our　forefathers；　and　ordered　the　captain
of　the　guard　not　to　trouble　himself　to　inquire　where　they　were
laid；　or　when　they　were　to　be　used；　and　this　he　did　as　an　act　of
kindness；　to　oblige　the　nation　to　him。　Besides　which；　he　also
deprived　Joseph；　who　was　also　called　Caiaphas；　of　the　high
priesthood；　and　appointed　Jonathan　the　son　of　Ananus；　the　former
high　priest；　to　succeed　him。　After　which；　he　took　his　journey
back　to　Antioch。

4。　Moreover；　Tiberius　sent　a　letter　to　Vitellius；　and　commanded
him　to　make　a　league　of　friendship　with　Artabanus；　the　king　of
Parthia；　for　while　he　was　his　enemy；　he　terrified　him；　because　he
had　taken　Armenia　away　from　him；　lest　he　should　proceed　further；
and　told　him　he　should　no　otherwise　trust　him　than　upon　his
giving　him　hostages；　and　especially　his　son　Artabanus。　Upon
Tiberius's　writing　thus　to　Vitellius；　by　the　offer　of　great
presents　of　money；　he　persuaded　both　the　king　of　Iberia　and　the
king　of　Albania　to　make　no　delay；　but　to　fight　against　Artabanus；
and　although　they　would　not　do　it　themselves；　yet　did　they　give
the　Scythians　a　passage　through　their　country；　and　opened　the
Caspian　gates　to　them；　and　brought　them　upon　Artabanus。　So
Armenia　was　again　taken　from　the　Parthians；　and　the　country　of
Parthis　was　filled　with　war；　and　the　principal　of　their　men　were
slain；　and　all　things　were　in　disorder　among　them：　the　king's　son
also　himself　fell　in　these　wars；　together　with。　many　ten
thousands　of　his　army。　Vitellius　had　also　sent　such　great　sums　of
money　to　Artabanus's　father's　kinsmen　and　friends；　that　he　had
almost　procured　him　to　be　slain　by　the　means　of　those　bribes
which　they　had　taken。　And　when　Artabanus　perceived　that　the　plot
laid　against　him　was　not　to　be　avoided；　because　it　was　laid　by
the　principal　men；　and　those　a　great　many　in　number；　and　that　it
would　certainly　take　effect；　…　when　he　had　estimated　the　number
of　those　that　were　truly　faithful　to　him；　as　also　of　those　who
were　already　corrupted；　but　were　deceitful　in　the　kindness　they
professed　to　him；　and　were　likely；　upon　trial；　to　go　over　to　his
enemies；　he　made　his　escape　to　the　upper　provinces；　where　he
afterwards　raised　a　great　army　out　of　the　Dahae　and　Sacre；　and
fought　with　his　enemies；　and　retained　his　principality。

5。　When　Tiberius　had　heard　of　these　things；　he　desired　to　have　a
league　of　friendship　made　between　him　and　Artabanus；　and　when；
upon　this　invitation；　he　received　the　proposal　kindly；　Artabanus
and　Vitellius　went　to　Euphrates；　and　as　a　bridge　was　laid　over
the　river；　they　each　of　them　came　with　their　guards　about　them；
and　met　one　another　on　the　midst　of　the　bridge。　And　when　they　had
agreed　upon　the　terms　of　peace　Herod；　the　tetrarch　erected　a　rich
tent　on　the　midst　of　the　passage；　and　made　them　a　feast　there。
Artabanus　also；　not　long　afterward；　sent　his　son　Darius　as　an
hostage；　with　many　presents；　among　which　there　was　a　man　seven
cubits　tall；　a　Jew　he　was　by　birth；　and　his　name　was　Eleazar；
who；　for　his　tallness；　was　called　a　giant。　After　which　Vitellius
went　to　Antioch；　and　Artabanus　to　Babylon；　but　Herod　＇the
tetrarch＇　being　desirous　to　give　Caesar　the　first　information
that　they　had　obtained　hostages；　sent　posts　with　letters；　wherein
he　had　accurately　described　all　the　particulars；　and　had　left
nothing　for　the　consular　Vitellius　to　inform　him　of。　But　when
Vitellius's　letters　were　sent；　and　Caesar　had　let　him　know　that
he　was　acquainted　with　the　affairs　already；　because　Herod　had
given　him　an　account　of　them　before；　Vitellius　was　very　much
troubled　at　it；　and　supposing　that　he　had　been　thereby　a　greater
sufferer　than　he　really　was；　he　kept　up　a　secret　anger　upon　this
occasion；　till　he　could　be　revenged　on　him；　which　he　was　after
Caius　had　taken　the　government。

6。　About　this　time　it　was　that　Philip；　Herod's　'　brother；
departed　this　life；　in　the　twentieth　year　of　the　reign　of
Tiberius；　（14）　after　he　had　been　tetrarch　of　Trachonitis　and
Gaulanitis；　and　of　the　nation　of　the　Bataneans　also；　thirty…seven
years。　He　had　showed　himself　a　person　of　moderation　and　quietness
in　the　conduct　of　his　life　and　government；　he　constantly　lived　in
that　country　which　was　subject　to　him；　he　used　to　make　his
progress　with　a　few　chosen　friends；　his　tribunal　also；　on　which
he　sat　in　judgment；　followed　him　in　his　progress；　and　when　any
one　met　him　who　wanted　his　assistance；　he　made　no　delay；　but　had
his　tribunal　set　down　immediately；　wheresoever　he　happened　to　be；
and　sat　down　upon　it；　and　heard　his　complaint：　he　there　ordered
the　guilty　that　were　convicted　to　be　punished；　and　absolved　those
that　had　been　accused　unjustly。　He　died　at　Julias；　and　when　he
was　carried　to　that　monument　which　he　had　already　erected　for
himself　beforehand；　he　was　buried　with　great　pomp。　His
principality　Tiberius　took；　（for　he　left　no　sons　behind　him；）　and
added　it　to　the　province　of　Syria；　but　gave　order　that　the
tributes　which　arose　from　it　should　be　collected；　and　laid　up　in
his　tetrachy。

CHAPTER　5。

Herod　The　Tetrarch　Makes　War　With　Aretas；　The　King　Of　Arabia；　And
Is　Beaten　By　Him　As　Also　Concerning　The　Death　Of　John　The
Baptist。　How　Vitellius　Went　Up　To　Jerusalem；　Together　With　Some
Account　Of　Agrippa　And　Of　The　Posterity　Of　Herod　The　Great。

1。　About　this　time　Aretas　（the　king　of　Arabia　Petres）　and　Herod
had　a　quarrel　on　the　account　following：　Herod　the　tetrarch　had；
married　the　daughter　of　Aretas；　and　had　lived　with　her　a　great
while；　but　when　he　was　once　at　Rome；　he　lodged　with　Herod；　（15）
who　was　his　brother　indeed；　but　not　by　the　same　mother；　for　this
Herod　was　the　son　of　the　high　priest　Sireoh's　daughter。　However；
he　fell　in　love　with　Herodias；　this　last　Herod's　wife；　who　was
the　daughter　of　Aristobulus　their　brother；　and　the　sister　of
Agrippa　the　Great。　This　man　ventured　to　talk　to　her　about　a
marriage　between　them；　which　address；　when　she　admitted；　an
agreement　was　made　for　her　to　c