the antiquities of the jews-1-第34部分

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they　pour　the　wine　about　the　altar；　but　if　any　one　does　not　offer
a　complete　sacrifice　of　animals；　but　brings　fine　flour　only　for　a
vow；　he　throws　a　handful　upon　the　altar　as　its　first…fruits；
while　the　priests　take　the　rest　for　their　food；　either　boiled　or
mingled　with　oil；　but　made　into　cakes　of　bread。　But　whatsoever　it
be　that　a　priest　himself　offers；　it　must　of　necessity　be　all
burnt。　Now　the　law　forbids　us　to　sacrifice　any　animal　at　the　same
time　with　its　dam；　and；　in　other　cases；　not　till　the　eighth　day
after　its　birth。　Other　sacrifices　there　are　also　appointed　for
escaping　distempers；　or　for　other　occasions；　in　which
meat…offerings　are　consumed；　together　with　the　animals　that　are
sacrificed；　of　which　it　is　not　lawful　to　leave　any　part　till　the
next　day；　only　the　priests　are　to　take　their　own　share。

CHAPTER　10。

Concerning　The　Festivals；　And　How　Each　Day　Of　Such　Festival　Is　To
Be　Observed。

1。　The　law　requires；　that　out　of　the　public　expenses　a　lamb　of
the　first　year　be　killed　every　day；　at　the　beginning　and　at　the
ending　of　the　day；　but　on　the　seventh　day；　which　is　called　the
Sabbath；　they　kill　two；　and　sacrifice　them　in　the　same　manner。　At
the　new　moon；　they　both　perform　the　daily　sacrifices；　and　slay
two　bulls；　with　seven　lambs　of　the　first　year；　and　a　kid　of　the
goats　also；　for　the　expiation　of　sins；　that　is；　if　they　have
sinned　through　ignorance。

2。　But　on　the　seventh　month；　which　the　Macedonians　call
Hyperberetaeus；　they　make　an　addition　to　those　already　mentioned；
and　sacrifice　a　bull；　a　ram；　and　seven　lambs；　and　a　kid　of　the
goats；　for　sins。

3。　On　the　tenth　day　of　the　same　lunar　month；　they　fast　till　the
evening；　and　this　day　they　sacrifice　a　bull；　and　two　rams；　and
seven　lambs；　and　a　kid　of　the　goats；　for　sins。　And；　besides
these；　they　bring　two　kids　of　the　goats；　the　one　of　which　is　sent
alive　out　of　the　limits　of　the　camp　into　the　wilderness　for　the
scapegoat；　and　to　be　an　expiation　for　the　sins　of　the　whole
multitude；　but　the　other　is　brought　into　a　place　of　great
cleanness；　within　the　limits　of　the　camp；　and　is　there　burnt；
with　its　skin；　without　any　sort　of　cleansing。　With　this　goat　was
burnt　a　bull；　not　brought　by　the　people；　but　by　the　high　priest；
at　his　own　charges；　which；　when　it　was　slain；　he　brought　of　the
blood　into　the　holy　place；　together　with　the　blood　of　the　kid　of
the　goats；　and　sprinkled　the　ceiling　with　his　finger　seven　times；
as　also　its　pavement；　and　again　as　often　toward　the　most　holy
place；　and　about　the　golden　altar：　he　also　at　last　brings　it　into
the　open　court；　and　sprinkles　it　about　the　great　altar。　Besides
this；　they　set　the　extremities；　and　the　kidneys；　and　the　fat；
with　the　lobe　of　the　liver；　upon　the　altar。　The　high　priest
likewise　presents　a　ram　to　God　as　a　burnt…offering。

4。　Upon　the　fifteenth　day　of　the　same　month；　when　the　season　of
the　year　is　changing　for　winter；　the　law　enjoins　us　to　pitch
tabernacles　in　every　one　of　our　houses；　so　that　we　preserve
ourselves　from　the　cold　of　that　time　of　the　year；　as　also　that
when　we　should　arrive　at　our　own　country；　and　come　to　that　city
which　we　should　have　then　for　our　metropolis；　because　of　the
temple　therein　to　be　built；　and　keep　a　festival　for　eight　days；
and　offer　burnt…offerings；　and　sacrifice　thank…offerings；　that　we
should　then　carry　in　our　hands　a　branch　of　myrtle；　and　willow；
and　a　bough　of　the　palm…tree；　with　the　addition　of　the　pome
citron：　That　the　burnt…offering　on　the　first　of　those　days　was　to
be　a　sacrifice　of　thirteen　bulls；　and　fourteen　lambs；　and　fifteen
rams；　with　the　addition　of　a　kid　of　the　goats；　as　an　expiation
for　sins；　and　on　the　following　days　the　same　number　of　lambs；　and
of　rams；　with　the　kids　of　the　goats；　but　abating　one　of　the　bulls
every　day　till　they　amounted　to　seven　only。　On　the　eighth　day　all
work　was　laid　aside；　and　then；　as　we　said　before；　they　sacrificed
to　God　a　bullock；　a　ram；　and　seven　lambs；　with　a　kid　of　the
goats；　for　an　expiation　of　sins。　And　this　is　the　accustomed
solemnity　of　the　Hebrews；　when　they　pitch　their　tabernacles。

5。　In　the　month　of　Xanthicus；　which　is　by　us　called　Nisan；　and　is
the　beginning　of　our　year；　on　the　fourteenth　day　of　the　lunar
month；　when　the　sun　is　in　Aries；　（for　in　this　month　it　was　that
we　were　delivered　from　bondage　under　the　Egyptians；）　the　law
ordained　that　we　should　every　year　slay　that　sacrifice　which　I
before　told　you　we　slew　when　we　came　out　of　Egypt；　and　which　was
called　the　Passover；　and　so　we　do　celebrate　this　passover　in
companies；　leaving　nothing　of　what　we　sacrifice　till　the　day
following。　The　feast　of　unleavened　bread　succeeds　that　of　the
passover；　and　falls　on　the　fifteenth　day　of　the　month；　and
continues　seven　days；　wherein　they　feed　on　unleavened　bread；　on
every　one　of　which　days　two　bulls　are　killed；　and　one　ram；　and
seven　lambs。　Now　these　lambs　are　entirely　burnt；　besides　the　kid
of　the　goats　which　is　added　to　all　the　rest；　for　sins；　for　it　is
intended　as　a　feast　for　the　priest　on　every　one　of　those　days。
But　on　the　second　day　of　unleavened　bread；　which　is　the　sixteenth
day　of　the　month；　they　first　partake　of　the　fruits　of　the　earth；
for　before　that　day　they　do　not　touch　them。　And　while　they
suppose　it　proper　to　honor　God；　from　whom　they　obtain　this
plentiful　provision；　in　the　first　place；　they　offer　the
first…fruits　of　their　barley；　and　that　in　the　manner　following：
They　take　a　handful　of　the　ears；　and　dry　them；　then　beat　them
small；　and　purge　the　barley　from　the　bran；　they　then　bring　one
tenth　deal　to　the　altar；　to　God；　and；　casting　one　handful　of　it
upon　the　fire；　they　leave　the　rest　for　the　use　of　the　priest。　And
after　this　it　is　that　they　may　publicly　or　privately　reap　their
harvest。　They　also　at　this　participation　of　the　first…fruits　of
the　earth；　sacrifice　a　lamb；　as　a　burnt…offering　to　God。

6。　When　a　week　of　weeks　has　passed　over　after　this　sacrifice；
（which　weeks　contain　forty　and　nine　days；）　on　the　fiftieth　day；
which　is　Pentecost；　but　is　called　by　the　Hebrews　Asartha；　which
signifies　Pentecost；　they　bring　to　God　a　loaf；　made　of　wheat
flour；　of　two　tenth　deals；　with　leaven；　and　for　sacrifices　they
bring　two　lambs；　and　when　they　have　only　presented　them　to　God；
they　are　made　ready　for　supper　for　the　priests；　nor　is　it
permitted　to　leave　any　thing　of　them　till　the　day　following。　They
also　slay　three　bullocks　for　a　burnt…offering；　and　two　rams；　and
fourteen　lambs；　with　two　kids　of　the　goats；　for　sins；　nor　is
there　anyone　of　the　festivals　but　in　it　they　offer
burnt…offerings；　they　also　allow　themselves　to　rest　on　every　one
of　them。　Accordingly；　the　law　prescribes　in　them　all　what　kinds
they　are　to　sacrifice；　and　how　they　are　to　rest　entirely；　and
must　slay　sacrifices；　in　order　to　feast　upon　them。

7。　However；　out　of　the　common　charges；　baked　bread　＇was　set　on
the　table　of　shew…bread＇；　without　leaven；　of　twenty…four　tenth
deals　of　flour；　for　so　much　is　spent　upon　this　bread；　two　heaps
of　these　were　baked；　they　were　baked　the　day　before　the　sabbath；
but　were　brought　into　the　holy　place　on　the　morning　of　the
sabbath；　and　set　upon　the　holy　table；　six　on　a　heap；　one　loaf
still　standing　over　against　another；　where　two　golden　cups　full
of　frankincense　were　also　set　upon　them；　and　there　they　remained
till　another　sabbath；　and　then　other　loaves　were　brought　in　their
stead；　while　the　loaves　were　given　to　the　priests　for　their　food；
and　the　frankincense　was　burnt　in　that　sacred　fire　wherein　all
their　offerings　were　burnt　also；　and　so　other　frankincense　was
set　upon　the　loaves　instead　of　what　was　there　before。　The　＇high
priest　also；　of　his　own　charges；　offered　a　sacrifice；　and　that
twice　every　day。　It　was　made　of　flour　mingled　with　oil；　and
gently　baked　by　the　fire；　the　quantity　was　one　tenth　deal　of
flour；　he　brought　the　half　of　it　to　the　fire　in　the　morning；　and
the　other　half　at　night。　The　account　of　these　sacrifices　I　shall
give　more　accurately　hereafter；　but　I　think　I　have　premised　what
for　the　present　may　be　sufficient　concerning　them。

CHAPTER　11。

Of　The　Purifications。

1。　Moses　took　out　the　tribe　of　Levi　from　communicating　with　the
rest　of　the　people；　and　set　them　apart　to　be　a　holy　tribe；　and
purified　them　by　water　taken　from　perpetual　springs；　and　with
such　sacrifices　as　were　usually　offered　to　God　on　the　like
occasions。　He　delivered　to　them　also　the　tabernacle；　and　the
sacred　vessels；　and　the　other　curtains；　which　were　made　for
covering　the　tabernacle；　that　they　might　minister　under　the
conduct　of　the　priests；　who　had　been　already　consecrated　to　God。

2。　He　also　determined　concerning　animals；　which　of　them　might　be
used　for　food；　and　which　they　were　obliged　to　abstain　from；　which
matters；　when　this　work　shall　give　me　occasion；　shall　be　further
explained；　and　the　causes　shall　be　added　by　which　he　was　moved　to
allot　some　of　them　to　be　our　food；　and　enjoined　us　to　abstain
from　others。　However；　he　entirely　forbade　us　the　use　of　blood　for
food；　and　esteemed　it　to　contain　the　soul　and　spirit。　He　also
forbade　us　to　eat　the　flesh　of　an　animal　that　died　of　itself；　as
also　the　caul；　and　the　fat　of　goats；　and　sheep；　and　bulls。

3。　He　also　ordered　that　those　whose　bodies　were　afflicted　with
leprosy；　and　that　had　a　gonorrhea；　should　not　come　into　the　city；
nay；　he　removed　the　women；　when　they　had　their　natural
purgations；　till　the　seventh　day；　after　which　he　looked　on　them
as　pure；　and　permitted　them　to　come　in　again。　The　law　permits
those　also　who　have　taken　care　of　funerals　to　come　in　after　the
same　manner；　when　this　number　of　days　is　over；　but　if　any
continued　longer　than　that　number　of　days　in　a　state　of
pollution；　the　law　appointed　the　offering　two　lambs　for　a
sacrifice；　the　one　of　which　they　are　to　purge　by　fire；　and　for
the　other；　the　priests　take　it　for　themselves。　In　the　same　manner
do　those　sacrifice　who　have　had　the　gonorrhea。　But　he　that　sheds
his　seed　in　his　sleep；　if　he　go　down　into　cold　water；　has　the
same　privilege　with　those　that　have　lawfully　accompanied　with
their　wives。　And　for　the　lepers；　he　suffered　them　not　to　come
into　the　city　at　all；　nor　to　live　with　any　others；　as　if　they
were　in　effect　dead　persons；　but　if　any　one　had　obtained　by
prayer　to　God；　the　recovery