the origins of contemporary france-5-第51部分
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councillors of State on mission during the year IX; published by
Rocquam; with omissions; among which is the following; in the report
of Fran?ois de Nantes。) 〃The steps taken by the mayors of Marseilles
are sufficiently effective to enable an émigré under surveillance and
just landed; to walk about Marseilles without being knocked down or
knocking anybody else down; an alternative to which they have been
thus far subject。 And yet there are in this town nearly 500 men who
have slaughtered with their own hands; or been the accomplices of
slaughterers; at different times during the Revolution。 。 。 。 The
inhabitants of this town are so accustomed to being annoyed and
despoiled; and to being treated like those of a rebellious town or
colony; that arbitrary power no longer frightens them; and they simply
ask that their lives and property be protected against murderers and
pillagers; and that things be entrusted to sure and impartial hands。〃
'10' Roederer; III。; 481。 (Report on the Sénatorerie of Caen; Germinal
2; year XIII。)… Faber; 〃Notice sur l'intérieur de la France〃(1807);
p。110; 112。 〃Justice is one of the bright sides of France of to…day。
It is costly; but it cannot be called venal。〃
'11' Rocquain; ibid。; 19。 (Report of Fran?ois de Nantes on the 8th
military division。) 〃For the past eighteen months a calm has prevailed
here equal to that which existed before the Revolution。 Balls and
parties have been resumed in the towns; while the old dances of
Provence; suspended for ten years; now gladden the people of the
country。〃
'12' Proclamation to the French people; Dec。 15; 1799。
'13' See 〃The Revolution;〃 vol。 III。; p。292。 (Notes。) (Laff。 II; the
notes on pp。 218…219。)
'14' Decision of the Council of State; Pluvi?se 5; year VIII (Jan。 25;
1800)。
'15' Forneron; 〃Histoire générale des émigrés;〃 II。; 374。 In 1800; the
army of Condé still comprised 1007 officers and 5840 volunteers。
'16' Decrees of Brumaire 3; year IV; and of Frimaire 9; year VI。 (Cf。
〃The Revolution;〃 pp。433; 460。)
'17' Constitution of Frimaire 22; year VIII。 (December 13; 1799);
article 93。 〃The French nation declares that in no case will it suffer
the return of the Frenchmen who; having abandoned their country since
the 14th of July 1789; are not comprised in the exceptions made to the
laws rendered against émigrés。 It interdicts every new exception in
this respect。〃
'18' Opinion of the Council of State; Dec。 25; 1799。
'19' Resolution of Dec。 26; 1799。 … Two ultra…Jacobins; exiled after
Thermidor; are added to the list; Barère and Vadier; undoubtedly by
way of compensation and not to let it appear that the scales inclined
too much on one side。
'20' Resolution of Dec。 30; 1799。
'21' Resolutions of February 26; March 2; and March 3; 1800。
'22' Thibaudeau; 〃Mémoires sur le Consulat;〃 199。 (Stated by the First
Consul at Regnault at a meeting of the council of state; Aug。12;
1801。) 〃I am glad to hear the denunciation of striking off names。 How
many have you yourselves not asked for? It could not be otherwise。
Everybody has some relation or friend on the lists。〃
'23' Thibaudeau。 ibid。 (Speech by the First Consul。) 〃Never have there
been lists of émigrés;〃 there are only lists of absentees。 The proof
of this is that names have always been struck off。 I have seen members
of the Convention and even generals on the lists。 Citizen Monge was
inscribed。〃
'24' Thibaudeau; ibid。; 97。 … 〃The minister of police made a great hue
and cry over the arrest and sending back of a few émigrés who returned
without permission; or who annoyed the buyers of their property;
while; at the same time; it granted surveillance to all who asked for
it; paying no attention to the distinction made by the resolution of
Vendémiaire 28。〃
'25' Sénatus…consulte of April 26; 1802。
'26' Sénatus…consulte of April 26; 1802; title II。; articles 16 and
17。 … Gaudin; Duc de Ga?te; 〃Mémoires;〃 I。; 183。 (Report on the
administration of the Finances in 1803。) 〃The old proprietors have
been reinstated in more than 20;000 hectares of forests。〃
'27' Thibaudeau; ibid。; p。 98。 (Speech of the First Consul; Thermidor
24; year IX。) Some of the émigrés who have been pardoned are cutting
down their forests; either from necessity or to send money abroad。 I
will not allow the worst enemies of the republic; the defenders of
ancient prejudices; to recover their fortunes and despoil France。 I am
glad to welcome them back; but it is important that the nation should
preserve its forests; the navy needs them。〃
'28' An arpent measures about an acre and a half。(TR。)
'29' Stourm; 〃Les Finances de l'ancien régime et de la
révolution;〃II。; 459 to 461。 … (According to the figures appended to
the projected law of 1825。) … This relates only to their patrimony in
real estate; their personal estate was wholly swept away; at first
through the abolition; without indemnity; of their available feudal
rights under the Constituent and Legislative assemblies; and
afterwards through the legal and forced transformation of their
personal capital into national bonds (titres sur le grand…livre;
rentes) which the final bankruptcy of the Directory reduced to almost
nothing。
'30' Pelet de la Lozère; 〃Opinions de Napoléon au conseil d'état〃
(March 15th and July 1st; 1806): 〃One of the most unjust effects of
the revolution was to let an émigré; whose property was found to be
sold; starve to death; and give back 100;000 crowns of rente to
another whose property happened to be still in the hands of the
government。 How odd; again; to have returned unsold fields and to have
kept the woods! It would have been better; starting from the legal
forfeiture of all property; to return only 6000 francs of rente to one
alone and distribute what remained among the rest。〃
'31' Léonce de Lavergne; 〃Economie rurale de la France;〃 p。26。
(According to the table of names with indemnities awarded by the law
of 1825。) … Duc de Rovigo; Mémoires;〃 IV。; 400。
'32' De Puymaigre; 〃Souvenirs de l'émigration de l'empire et de la
restauration;〃 p。94。
'33' Pelet de la Lozère; ibid。; p。272。
'34' De Puymaigre; ibid。; passim。 … Alexandrine des écherolles; 〃Une
famille noble pendant la Terreur;〃 pp。328; 402; 408。 … I add to
published documents personal souvenirs and family narrations。
'35' Duc de Rovigo; 〃Mémoires;〃 IV。; 399。 (On the provincial noblesse
which had emigrated and returned。) 〃The First Consul quietly gave
orders that none of the applications made by the large number of those
who asked for minor situations in various branches of the
administration should be rejected on account of emigration。〃
'36' M。 de Vitrolles; 〃Mémoires。〃 … M。 d'Haussonville; 〃Ma jeunesse;〃
p。 6o: 〃One morning; my father learns that he has been appointed
chamberlain; with a certain number of other persons belonging to the
greatest families of the faubourg Saint…Germain。〃
'37' Madame de Rémusat; 〃Mémoires;〃 II。; 312; 315 and following pages;
373。 … Madame de Sta?l; 〃Considérations sur la révolution fran?aise;〃
4th part; ch IV。
'38' Roederer; III。; 459。 (Speech by Napoleon; December 30; 1802。)〃
Very well; I do protect the nobles of France; but they must see that
they need protection。 。 。 。 I give places to many of them; I restore
them to public distinction and even to the honors of the drawing…room;
but they feel that it is alone through my good will。 … Ibid。; III。;
558 (January 1809): 〃I repent daily of a mistake I have made in my
government; the most serious one I ever made; and I perceive its bad
effects every day。 It was the giving back to the émigrés the totality
of their possessions。 I ought to have massed them in common and given
each one simply the chance of an income of 6000 francs。 As soon as I
saw my mistake I withdrew from thirty to forty millions of forests;
but far too many are still in the hands of a great number of them。〃 …
We here see the attitude he would impose on them; that of clients and
grateful pensioners。 They do not stand in this attitude。 (Roederer;
III。; 472。 Report on the Sénatorerie of Caen; 1803。) … 〃The returned
émigrés are not friendly nor even satisfied; their enjoyment of what
they have recovered is less than their indignation at what they have
lost。 They speak of the amnesty without gratitude; and as only partial
justice。 。 。 。 In other respects they appear submissive。〃
'39' Duc de Rovigo1 〃Memoires。〃 V。; 297。 Towards the end; large
numbers of the young nobles went into the army。 〃In 1812; there; was
not a marshal; or even a general; who had not some of these on his
staff; or as aids…de…camp。 Nearly all the cavalry regiments in the
army were commanded by officers belonging to these families。 They had
already attracted notice in the infantry。 All these young nobles had
openly joined the emperor because they were easily influenced by love
of glory。〃
'40' Madame de Rémusat II。; 299 (1806): 〃He began to surround himself
about this time with so much ceremony that none of us had scarcely any
intimate relations with him。 。 。 。 The court became more and more
crowded and monotonous; each doing on the minute what he had to do。
Nobody thought of venturing outside the brief series of ideas which
are generated within the restricted circle of the same duties。 。 。 。
Increasing despotism; 。 。 。 fear of a reproof if one failed in the
slightest particular; silence kept by us all。 。 。 。 There was no
opportunity to indulge emotion or interchange any observation of the
slightest importance。〃
'41' Roederer; III。; 558 (January 1809)。 … 〃The Modern Régime;〃 ante;
book I。; ch。 II。
'42' Madame de Rémusat; III。; 75; 155: 〃When the minister of police
learned that jesting or malicious remarks had been made in one of the
Paris drawing…rooms he at once notified the master or mistress