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'121' Decree of Nov。 6; 1800。



'122' Decisions of February 23; 1801; and June 26; 1801。 (We find;

through subsequent decisions; that these recoveries were frequently

effected。)



'123' Law of Frimaire 7; year V (imposing one decime per franc above

the cost of a ticket in every theatre for the benefit of the poor not

in the asylums)。 … Also the decree of Dec。 9; 1809。 … Decisions of

Vendémiaire 27; year VII; and the restoration of the Paris octroi;

〃considering that the distress of the civil asylums and the

interruption of succor at domiciles admit of no further delay。〃 … Also

the law of Frimaire 19; year VIII; with the addition of 2 decimes per

franc to the octroi duties; established for the support of the asylums

of the commune of Paris。 … Paul Leroy…Beaulieu; 〃Traité de la science

des finances;〃 I。; 685。 Many towns follow this example: 〃Two years had

scarcely passed when there were 293 Octrois in France。〃



'124' Law of Messidor 25; year V。 … Alexis Chevalier; ibid。; p。 185。

(Decisions of Thermidor 20; year XI; and Germinal 4; year XIII。) … Law

of Dec。。 11; 1808 (article 1。)



'125' Albert Duruy; 〃l'Instruction publique et la Révolution;〃 p。480

et seq。 (〃Procès…verbaux des conseils…généraux de l'an IX;〃 among

others; the petitions from Gironde; Ile…et…Vilaine; Maine…et…Loire;

Puy。de…D?me; Haute…Sa?ne; Haute Vienne; la Manche; Lot…et…Garonne;

Sarthe; Aisne; Aude; C?te…d'Or; Pas…de…Calais; BassePyrénées;

Pyrénées…Orienta1es; and Lot。)



'126' Alexis Chevalier; ibid。; p。 182。 (According to statistical

returns of the parent establishment; rue Oudinot。 … These figures are

probably too low。)



'127' 〃Recueil des lois et réglemens sur l'enseignement supérieur;〃 by

A。 de Beauchamp; I。; 65。 (Report by Fourcroy; April 20; 1802。) 〃Old

schools; since the suppression of upper schools and universities; have

taken a new extension; and a pretty large number of private

institutions have been formed for the literary education of the

young。〃



'128' Ibid。; 65 and 71。 (Report by Fourcroy。) 〃As to the primary

schools; the zeal of the municipalities must be aroused; the emulation

of the functionaries excited; and charitable tendencies revived; so

natural to the French heart and which will so promptly spring up when

the religious respect of the government for local endowments becomes

known。〃



'129' Ibid。; p。 81。 (Decree of May 1st; 1802; titles 2 and 9。 … Decree

of Sept。 17; 1808; article 23。)



130'  〃Histoire du collège des Bons…Enfans de l'université de Reims;〃

by abbé Cauly; p。 649。 …  The lycée of Reims; decreed May 6; 1802; was

not opened until the 24th of September; 1803。 The town was to furnish

accommodations for 150 pupils。 It spent nearly 200;000 francs to put

buildings in order。 。 。 。 This sum was provided; on the one hand; by a

voluntary subscription which realized 45;000 francs and; on the other

hand; by an additional tax。



'131' Law of May 1; 1802; articles 32; 33; and 34。 … Guizot; 〃Essai

sur l'instruction publique; I。; 59。   Bonaparte maintained and brought

up in the lycées; at his own expense and for his own advantage; about

3000 children 。 。 。 commonly selected from the sons of soldiers or

from poor families。〃 … Fabry; 〃Mémoires pour servir à l'histoire de

l'instruction publique;〃 III。; 802。 〃Children of soldiers whose wives

lived in Paris; the sons of office…holders who were prevented by

luxury from bringing up their families … such were the scholarships of

Paris。〃 … 〃In the provinces; the employees in the tax… and post…

offices; with other nomadic functionaries … such were the communal

scholarships。〃 … Lunet; 〃Histoire du collège de Rodez;〃 219; 224。 Out

of 150 scholarships; 87 are filled; on the average。



'132' 〃Recueil;〃 etc。; by A。 de Beauchamp; I; 171; 187; 192。 (Law of

September 17; 1808; article 27; and decision of April 7; 1809。)



'133' Ibid。 Masters of private schools and heads of institutions must

pay additionally every year one…quarter of the sums above fixed。 (Law

of Sept。 17; 1808; article 25。 Law of March 17; 1808; title 17。… Law

of February 17; 1809。)



'134' Ibid。; I。; 189。 (Decree of March 24; 1808; on the endowment of

the University。)



'135' Emond; 〃Histoire du collège Louis…le…Grand;〃 p。238。 (This

college; previous to 1789; enjoyed an income of 450;000 livres。) …

Guizot; ibid。; I。; 62。 … This college was maintained during the

revolution under the name of the 〃Prytanée Fran?ais〃 and received in

1800 the property of the University of Louvain。 Many of its pupils

enlisted in 1792; and were promised that their scholarships should be

retained for them on their return; hence the military spirit of the

〃Prytanée。〃 … By virtue of a decree; March 5; 1806; a perpetual income

of 400;000 francs was transferred to the Prytanée de Saint…Cyr。 It is

this income which; by the decree of March 24; 1808; becomes the

endowment of the imperial University。 Henceforth; the expenses of the

Prytanée de Saint…Cyr are assigned to the war department。



'136' Alexis Chevalier; Ibid。; p。265。 Allocution to the 〃Ignorantin〃

brethren。



'137' 〃The Ancient Régime;〃 pp。13…15。 (Laff。 I。 pp。 17 and 18。)… 〃The

Revolution;〃 III。; p。 54。 (Laff。 II。 pp。 48…49) … Alexis Chevalier;

〃Les Frères des écoles chrétiennes;〃 p。341。  〃Before the revolution;

the revenues of public instruction exceeded 30 millions。〃 … Peuchet;

〃Statistique elementaire de la France  (published in 1805); p。256。

Revenue of the asylums and hospitals in the time of Necker; 40

millions; of which 23 are the annual income from real…estate and 17

provided by personal property; contracts; the public funds; and a

portion from octrois; etc。



'138' D'Haussonville; 〃l'église romaine et le premier Empire;〃 vol。

IV。 et V。; passim … Ibid。; III。; 370; 375。  (13 Italian cardinals and

19 bishops of the Roman states are transported and assigned places in

France; as well as many of their grand…vicars and chanoines; about the

same date over 200 Italian priests are banished to Corsica)。 … V。;

181。 (July 12; 1811; the bishops of Troyes; Tournay and Ghent are sent

to (the fortress…prison of) Vincennes。) … V。; 286。 (236 pupils in the

Ghent seminary are enrol1ed in an artillery brigade and sent off to

Wesel; where about fifty of them die in the hospital。) …  〃Souvenirs〃;

by PASQUIER (Etienne…Dennis; duc) Librarie Plon;  Paris 1893。 (Numbers

of Belgian priests confined in the castles of Ham; Bouillon and

Pierre…Chatel were  set free after the Restoration。)



'139' Decree of November 15; 1811; art。 28; 29; and 30。 (Owing to M。

de Fontanes; the small seminaries were not all closed; many of them;

41; still existing in 1815。)



'140' Collection of laws and decrees; passim; after 1802。



'141' Documents furnished by M。 Alexis Chevalier; former director of

public charities。 The total amount of legacies and bequests is as

follows: 1st Asylums and hospitals; from January 1; 1800; to December

31; 1845; 72;593;360 francs; from January 1st; 1846; to December 31;

1855;  37;107;812; from January 1st; 1856; to December 31; 1877;

121;197;774。 in all; 230;898;346 francs。 … 2d。 Charity bureaux。  From

January 1st; 1800; to December 31; 1845; 49;911;090; from January 1st;

1846; to December 31; 1873; 115;629;925; from January 1st  1874; to

December 31; 1877; 19;261;065。 In all; 184;802;080 francs。 … Sum

total; 415;701;026 francs。



'142' According to the statements of M。 de Watteville and M。 de

Gasparin。



'143' Report by Fourcroy; annexed to the exposition of the empire and

presented to the Corps Législatif; March 5; 1806。



'144' Coup d'?il général sur l'éducation et l'instruction publique en

France;〃 by Basset; censor of studies at Charlemagne college (1816); …

p。 21。



'145' 〃Statistique de l'enseignement primaire;〃 II。; CCIV。 (From 1786

to 1789; 47 out of 100 married men and 26 married women out of a

hundred signed their marriage contract。 From 1816 to 1820; the figures

show 54 husbands and 34 wives。) … Morris Birbeck; 〃Notes of a Journey

through France in July; August and September 1814。〃 p。3 (London;

1815)。  〃I am told that all the children of the laboring classes learn

to read; and are generally instructed by their parents。〃



'146' Madame de Rémusat; I。; 243。 (Journey in the north of France and

in Belgium with the First Consul; 1803。) 〃On journeys of this kind he

was in the habit; after obtaining information about the public

buildings a town needed; to order them as he passed along; and; for

this munificence; he bore away the blessings of the people。〃 … Some

time after this a letter came from the minister of the interior: 〃In

conformity with the favor extended to you by the First Consul (later;

emperor) you are required; citizen mayor; to order the construction of

this or that building; taking care to charge the expenses on the funds

of your commune;〃 and which the prefect of the department obliges him

to do; even when available funds are exhausted or otherwise applied。



'147' Thiers; VIII。; 117  (August 1807) and 124。 13;400 leagues of

highways were constructed or repaired; 10 canals were dug or

continued; at the expense of the public treasury; 32 departments

contribute to the expense of these through the extra centimes tax;

which is imposed on them。 The State and the department; on the

average; contribute each one…half。 … Among the material evils caused

by the Revolution; the most striking and the most seriously felt was

the abandonment and running down of roads which had become

impracticable; also the still more formidable degeneracy of the dikes

and barriers against rivers and the sea。 (Cf。 in Rocquain; 〃état de la

France au 18 Brumaire;〃 the reports of Fran?ais de Nantes; Fourcroy;

Barbeé…Marbois; etc。) … The Directory had imagined barrriers with

toll…gates on each road to provide expenses; which brought in scarcely

16 millions to offset 30 and 35 millions of expenditure。 N

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