memoirs of general william t. sherman-2-第75部分

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　was　such　that　the　delay　was　an　advantage　to　us。　　I　cared　little　whether　they　were　approved；　modified；　or　disapproved　in　toto；　only　I　wanted　instructions。　　Many　of　my　general　officers；　among　whom；　I　am　almost　positive；　were　Generals　Logan　and　Blair；　urged　me　to　accept　the　〃terms；〃　without　reference　at　all　to　Washington；　but　I　preferred　the　latter　course：

HEADQUARTERS　MILITARY　DIVIBION　OF　THE　MISSISSIPPI；　IN　THE　FIELD；　RALEIGH；　NORTH　CAROLINA；　April　18；　1886。

General　H。　　W。　　HALLECK；　Chief　of　Staff；　Washington；　D。　　C。

GENERAL：　I　received　your　dispatch　describing　the　man　Clark；　detailed　to　assassinate　me。　　He　had　better　be　in　a　hurry；　or　he　will　be　too　late。

The　news　of　Mr。　Lincoln's　death　produced　a　most　intense　effect　on　our　troops。　　At　first　I　feared　it　would　lead　to　excesses；　but　now　it　has　softened　down；　and　can　easily　be　guided。　　None　evinced　more　feeling　than　General　Johnston；　who　admitted　that　the　act　was　calculated　to　stain　his　cause　with　a　dark　hue；　and　he　contended　that　the　loss　was　most　serious　to　the　South；　who　had　begun　to　realize　that　Mr。　Lincoln　was　the　beat　friend　they　had。

I　cannot　believe　that　even　Mr。　Davis　was　privy　to　the　diabolical　plot；　but　think　it　the　emanation　of　a　set　of　young　men　of　the　South；　who　are　very　devils。　　I　want　to　throw　upon　the　South　the　care　of　this　class　of　men；　who　will　soon　be　as　obnoxious　to　their　industrial　classes　as　to　us。

Had　I　pushed　Johnston's　army　to　an　extremity；　it　would　have　dispersed；　and　done　infinite　mischief。　　Johnston　informed　me　that　General　Stoneman　had　been　at　Salisbury；　and　was　now　at　Statesville。　I　have　sent　him　orders　to　come　to　me。

General　Johnston　also　informed　me　that　General　Wilson　was　at　Colmbia；　Georgia；　and　he　wanted　me　to　arrest　his　progress。　　I　leave　that　to　you。

Indeed；　if　the　President　sanctions　my　agreement　with　Johnston；　our　interest　is　to　cease　all　destruction。

Please　give　all　orders　necessary　according　to　the　views　the　Executive　may　take；　and　influence　him；　if　possible；　not　to　vary　the　terms　at　all；　for　I　have　considered　every　thing；　and　believe　that；　the　Confederate　armies　once　dispersed；　we　can　adjust　all　else　fairly　and　well。　　I　am；　yours；　etc。；

W。　T。　SHERMAN；　Major…General　commanding。


HEADQUARTERS　MILITARY　DIVISION　OF　THE　MISSISSIPPI　IN　THE　FIELD；　RALEIGH；　NORTH　CAROLINA；　April　18；　1865。

Lieutenant…General　U。　S。　GRANT；　or　Major…General　HALLECK；　Washington；　D。　C。

GENERAL：　I　inclose　herewith　a　copy　of　an　agreement　made　this　day　between　General　Joseph　E。　Johnston　and　myself；　which；　if　approved　by　the　President　of　the　United　States；　will　produce　peace　from　the　Potomac　to　the　Rio　Grande。　　Mr。　Breckenridge　was　present　at　our　conference；　in　the　capacity　of　major…general；　and　satisfied　me　of　the　ability　of　General　Johnston　to　carry　out　to　their　full　extent　the　terms　of　this　agreement；　and　if　you　will　get　the　President　to　simply　indorse　the　copy；　and　commission　me　to　carry　out　the　terms；　I　will　follow　them　to　the　conclusion。

You　will　observe　that　it　is　an　absolute　submission　of　the　enemy　to　the　lawful　authority　of　the　United　States；　and　disperses　his　armies　absolutely；　and　the　point　to　which　I　attach　most　importance　is；　that　the　dispersion　and　disbandment　of　these　armies　is　done　in　such　a　manner　as　to　prevent　their　breaking　up　into　guerrilla　bands。　　On　the　other　hand；　we　can　retain　just　as　much　of　an　army　as　we　please。　I　agreed　to　the　mode　and　manner　of　the　surrender　of　arms　set　forth；　as　it　gives　the　States　the　means　of　repressing　guerrillas；　which　we　could　not　expect　them　to　do　if　we　stripped　them　of　all　arms。

Both　Generals　Johnston　and　Breckenridge　admitted　that　slavery　was　dead；　and　I　could　not　insist　on　embracing　it　in　such　a　paper；　because　it　can　be　made　with　the　States　in　detail。　　I　know　that　all　the　men　of　substance　South　sincerely　want　peace；　and　I　do　not　believe　they　will　resort　to　war　again　during　this　century。　　I　have　no　doubt　that　they　will　in　the　future　be　perfectly　subordinate　to　the　laws　of　the　United　States。　　The　moment　my　action　in　this　matter　is　approved；　I　can　spare　five　corps；　and　will　ask　for　orders　to　leave　General　Schofield　here　with　the　Tenth　Corps；　and　to　march　myself　with　the　Fourteenth；　Fifteenth；　Seventeenth；　Twentieth；　and　Twenty…third　Corps　via　Bnrkesville　and　Gordonsville　to　Frederick　or　Hagerstown；　Maryland；　there　to　be　paid　and　mustered　out。

The　question　of　finance　is　now　the　chief　one；　and　every　soldier　and　officer　not　needed　should　be　got　home　at　work。　　I　would　like　to　be　able　to　begin　the　march　north　by　May　1st。

I　urge；　on　the　part　of　the　President；　speedy　action；　as　it　is　important　to　get　the　Confederate　armies　to　their　homes　as　well　as　our　own。

I　am；　with　great　respect；　your　obedient　servant；

W。　T。　SHERMAN；　Major…General　commanding。


Memorandum；　or　Basis　of　agreement；　made　this　18th　day　of　April；　A。　D。　　1865；　near　Durham's　Station；　in　the　State　of　North　Carolina；　by　and　between　General　Joseph　E。　JOHNSTON；　commanding　the　Confederate　Army；　and　Major…General　William　T。　SHERMAN；　commanding　the　army　of　the　United　States　in　North　Carolina；　both　present：

1。　　The　contending　armies　now　in　the　field　to　maintain　the　statu　quo　until　notice　is　given　by　the　commanding　general　of　any　one　to　its　opponent；　and　reasonable　timesay；　forty…eight　hoursallowed。

2。　　The　Confederate　armies　now　in　existence　to　be　disbanded　and　conducted　to　their　several　State　capitals；　there　to　deposit　their　arms　and　public　property　in　the　State　Arsenal；　and　each　officer　and　man　to　execute　and　file　an　agreement　to　cease　from　acts　of　war；　and　to　abide　the　action　of　the　State　and　Federal　authority。　　The　number　of　arms　and　munitions　of　war　to　be　reported　to　the　Chief　of　Ordnance　at　Washington　City；　subject　to　the　future　action　of　the　Congress　of　the　United　States；　and；　in　the　mean　time；　to　be　needed　solely　to　maintain　peace　and　order　within　the　borders　of　the　States　respectively。

3。　　The　recognition；　by　the　Executive　of　the　United　States；　of　the　several　State　governments；　on　their　officers　and　Legislatures　taking　the　oaths　prescribed　by　the　Constitution　of　the　United　States；　and；　where　conflicting　State　governments　have　resulted　from　the　war；　the　legitimacy　of　all　shall　be　submitted　to　the　Supreme　Court　of　the　United　States。

4。　　The　reestablishment　of　all　the　Federal　Courts　in　the　several　States；　with　powers　as　defined　by　the　Constitution　of　the　United　States　and　of　the　States　respectively。

5。　　The　people　and　inhabitants　of　all　the　States　to　be　guaranteed；　so　far　as　the　Executive　can；　their　political　rights　and　franchises；　as　well　as　their　rights　of　person　sad　property；　as　defined　by　the　Constitution　of　the　United　States　and　of　the　States　respectively。

6。　　The　Executive　authority　of　the　Government　of　the　United　States　not　to　disturb　any　of　the　people　by　reason　of　the　late　war；　so　long　as　they　live　in　peace　and　quiet；　abstain　from　acts　of　armed　hostility；　and　obey　the　laws　in　existence　at　the　place　of　their　residence。

7。　　In　general　termsthe　war　to　cease；　a　general　amnesty；　so　far　as　the　Executive　of　the　United　States　can　command；　on　condition　of　the　disbandment　of　the　Confederate　armies；　the　distribution　of　the　arms；　and　the　resumption　of　peaceful　pursuits　by　the　officers　and　men　hitherto　composing　said　armies。

Not　being　fully　empowered　by　our　respective　principals　to　fulfill　these　terms；　we　individually　and　officially　pledge　ourselves　to　promptly　obtain　the　necessary　authority；　and　to　carry　out　the　above　programme。

W。　T。　SHERMAN；　Major…General；　Commanding　Army　of　the　United　States　in　North　Carolina。

J。　E。　JOHNSTON；　General；　Commanding　Confederate　States　Army　in　North　Carolina。


Major　Hitchcock　got　off　on　the　morning　of　the　20th；　and　I　reckoned　that　it　would　take　him　four　or　five　days　to　go　to　Washington　and　back。　　During　that　time　the　repairs　on　all　the　railroads　and　telegraph…lines　were　pushed　with　energy；　and　we　also　got　possession　of　the　railroad　and　telegraph　from　Raleigh　to　Weldon；　in　the　direction　of　Norfolk。　　Meantime　the　troops　remained　statu　quo；　our　cavalry　occupying　Durham's　Station　and　Chapel　Hill。　　General　Slocum's　head　of　column　was　at　Aven's　Ferry　on　Cape　Fear　River；　and　General　Howard's　was　strung　along　the　railroad　toward　Hillsboro'；　the　rest　of　the　army　was　in　and　about　Raleigh。

On　the　20th　I　reviewed　the　Tenth　Corps；　and　was　much　pleased　at　the　appearance　of　General　Paines's　division　of　black　troops；　the　first　I　had　ever　seen　as　a　part　of　an　organized　army；　and　on　the　21st　I　reviewed　the　Twenty…third　Corps；　which　had　been　with　me　to　Atlanta；　but　had　returned　to　Nashville　had　formed　an　essential　part　of　the　army　which　fought　at　Franklin；　and　with　which　General　Thomas　had　defeated　General　Hood　in　Tennessee。　　It　had　then　been　transferred　rapidly　by　rail　to　Baltimore　and　Washington　by　General　Grant's　orders；　and　thence　by　sea　to　North　Carolina。　　Nothing　of　interest　happened　at　Raleigh　till　the　evening　of　April　23d；　when　Major　Hitchcock　reported　by　telegraph　his　return　to　Morehead　City；　and　that　he　would　come　up　by　rail　during　the　night。　　He　arrived　at　6　a。m。；　April　24th；　accompanied　by　General　Grant　and　one　or　two　officers　of　his　staff；　who　had　not　telegraphed　the　fact　of　their　being　on　the　train；　for　prudential　reasons。　　Of　course；　I　was　both　surprised　and　pleased　to　see　the　general；　soon　learned　that　my　terms　with　Johnston　had　been　disapproved；　was　instructed　by　him　to　give　the　forty…eight　hours'　notice　required　by　the　terms　of　the　truce；　and　afterward　to　proceed　to　attack　or　follow　him。　　I　immediately　telegraphed　to　General　Kilpatrick；　at　Durham's；　to　have　a　mounted　courier　ready　to　carry　the　following　message；　then　on　its　way　up　by　rail；　to　the　rebel　lines：

HEADQUARTERS　MILITARY　DIVISION　OF　THE　MISSISSIPPI　IN　THE　FIELD；　RALEIGH；　NORTH　CAROLINA；　April　24；　1865　6　A。M。

General　JOHNSTON；　commanding　Confederate　Army；　Greensboro'：

You　will　take　notice　that　the　truce　or　suspension　of　hostilities　agreed　to　between　us　will　cease　in　forty…eight　hours　after　this　is　received　at　your　lines；　under　the　first　of　the　articles　of　agreement。

W。　T。　SHERMAN；　Major…General。


At　the　same　time　I　wrote　another　short　note　to　General　Johnston；　of　the　same　date：

I　have　replies　from　Washington　to　my　communications　of　April　18th。　I　am　instructed　to　limit　my　operations