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attacked　them；　got　safely　into　cantonments。　From　this　point　they　marched　three　desert　stagesfifteen　parassangsto　the　river　Euphrates；　and　crossed　it　in　water　up　to　the　waist。　The　sources　of　the　river　were　reported　to　be　at　no　great　distance。　From　this　place　they　marched　through　deep　snow　over　a　flat　country　three　stagesfifteen　parasangs＇1＇。　The　last　of　these　marches　was　trying；　with　the　north　wind　blowing　in　their　teeth；　drying　up　everything　and　benumbing　the　men。　Here　one　of　the　seers　suggested　to　them　to　do　sacrifice　to　Boreas；　and　sacrifice　was　done。　The　effect　was　obvious　to　all　in　the　diminished　fierceness　of　the　blast。　But　there　was　six　feet　of　snow；　so　that　many　of　the　baggage　animals　and　slaves　were　lost；　and　about　thirty　of　the　men　themselves。

＇1＇　Al。　〃ten；〃　al。　〃five。〃

They　spent　the　whole　night　in　kindling　fire；　for　there　was　fortunately　no　dearth　of　wood　at　the　halting…place；　only　those　who　came　late　into　camp　had　no　wood。　Accordingly　those　who　had　arrived　a　good　while　and　　　　5　had　kindled　fires　were　not　for　allowing　these　late…comers　near　the　fires；　unless　they　would　in　return　give　a　share　of　their　corn　or　of　any　other　victuals　they　might　have。　Here　then　a　general　exchange　of　goods　was　set　up。　Where　the　fire　was　kindled　the　snow　melted；　and　great　trenches　formed　themselves　down　to　the　bare　earth；　and　here　it　was　possible　to　measure　the　depth　of　the　snow。

Leaving　these　quarters；　they　marched　the　whole　of　the　next　day　over　snow；　and　many　of　the　men　were　afflicted　with　〃boulimia〃　（or　hunger…faintness）。　Xenophon；　who　was　guarding　the　rear；　came　upon　some　men　who　had　dropt　down；　and　he　did　not　know　what　ailed　them；　but　some　one　who　was　experienced　in　such　matters　suggested　to　him　that　they　had　evidently　got　boulimia；　and　if　they　got　something　to　eat；　they　would　revive。　Then　he　went　the　round　of　the　baggage　train；　and　laying　an　embargo　on　any　eatables　he　could　see；　doled　out　with　his　own　hands；　or　sent　off　other　able…bodied　agents　to　distribute　to　the　sufferers；　who　as　soon　as　they　had　taken　a　mouthful　got　on　their　legs　again　and　continued　the　march。

On　and　on　they　marched；　and　about　dusk　Cheirisophus　reached　a　village；　and　surprised　some　women　and　girls　who　had　come　from　the　village　to　fetch　water　at　the　fountain　outside　the　stockade。　These　asked　them　who　they　were。　The　interpreters　answered　for　them　in　Persian：　〃They　were　on　their　way　from　the　king　to　the　satrap；〃　in　reply　to　which　the　women　gave　them　to　understand　that　the　satrap　was　not　at　home；　but　was　away　a　parasang　farther　on。　As　it　was　late　they　entered　with　the　water…carriers　within　the　stockade　to　visit　the　headman　of　the　village。　Accordingly　Cheirisophus　and　as　many　of　the　troops　as　were　able　got　into　cantonments　there；　while　the　rest　of　the　soldiersthose　namely　who　were　unable　to　complete　the　marchhad　to　spend　the　night　out；　without　food　and　without　fire；　under　the　circumstances　some　of　the　men　perished。

On　the　heels　of　the　army　hung　perpetually　bands　of　the　enemy；　snatching　away　disabled　baggage　animals　and　fighting　with　each　other　over　the　carcases。　And　in　its　track　not　seldom　were　left　to　their　fate　disabled　soldiers；　struck　down　with　snow…blindness　or　with　toes　　　　　　　　　12　moritified　by　frostbite。　As　to　the　eyes；　it　was　some　alleviation　against　the　snow　to　march　with　something　black　before　them；　for　the　feet；　the　only　remedy　was　to　keep　in　motion　without　stopping　for　an　instant；　and　to　loose　the　sandal　at　night。　If　they　went　to　sleep　with　the　sandals　on；　the　thong　worked　into　the　feet；　and　the　sandals　were　frozen　fast　to　them。　This　was　partly　due　to　the　fact　that；　since　their　old　sandals　had　failed；　they　wore　untanned　brogues　made　of　newly…flayed　ox…hides。　It　was　owing　to　some　such　dire　necessity　that　a　party　of　men　fell　out　and　were　left　behind；　and　seeing　a　black…looking　patch　of　ground　where　the　snow　had　evidently　disappeared；　they　conjectured　it　must　have　been　melted；　and　this　was　actually　so；　owing　to　a　spring　of　some　sort　which　was　to　be　seen　steaming　up　in　a　dell　close　by。　To　this　they　had　turned　aside　and　sat　down；　and　were　loth　to　go　a　step　further。　But　Xenophon；　with　his　rearguard；　perceived　them；　and　begged　and　implored　them　by　all　manner　of　means　not　to　be　left　behind；　telling　them　that　the　enemy　were　after　them　in　large　packs　pursuing；　and　he　ended　by　growing　angry。　They　merely　bade　him　put　a　knife　to　their　throats；　not　one　step　farther　would　they　stir。　Then　it　seemed　best　to　frighten　the　pursuing　enemy　if　possible；　and　prevent　their　falling　upon　the　invalids。　It　was　already　dusk；　and　the　pursuers　were　advancing　with　much　noise　and　hubbub；　wrangling　and　disputing　over　their　spoils。　Then　all　of　a　sudden　the　rearguard；　in　the　plenitude　of　health　and　strength＇2＇；　sprang　up　out　of　their　lair　and　run　upon　the　enemy；　whilst　those　weary　wights＇3＇　bawled　out　as　loud　as　their　sick　throats　could　sound；　and　clashed　their　spears　against　their　shields；　and　the　enemy　in　terror　hurled　themselves　through　the　snow　into　the　dell；　and　not　one　of　them　ever　uttered　a　sound　again。

＇2＇　Hug；　after　Rehdantz；　would　omit　the　words　〃in　the　plenitude　of　　　　　health　and　strength。〃

＇3＇　Or；　〃the　invalids。〃

Xenophon　and　his　party；　telling　the　sick　folk　that　next　day　people　would　come　for　them；　set　off；　and　before　they　had　gone　half　a　mile　they　fell　in　with　some　soldiers　who　had　laid　down　to　rest　on　the　snow　with　their　cloaks　wrapped　round　them；　but　never　a　guard　was　established；　and　they　made　them　get　up。　Their　explanation　was　that　　　　　　19　those　in　front　would　not　move　on。　Passing　by　this　group　he　sent　forward　the　strongest　of　his　light　infantry　in　advance；　with　orders　to　find　out　what　the　stoppage　was。　They　reported　that　the　whole　army　lay　reposing　in　such　fashion。　That　being　so；　Xenophon's　men　had　nothing　for　it　but　to　bivouac　in　the　open　air　also；　without　fire　and　supperless；　merely　posting　what　pickets　they　could　under　the　circumstances。　But　as　soon　as　it　drew　towards　day；　Xenophon　despatched　the　youngest　of　his　men　to　the　sick　folk　behind；　with　orders　to　make　them　get　up　and　force　them　to　proceed。　Meanwhile　Cheirisophus　had　sent　some　of　his　men　quartered　in　the　village　to　enquire　how　they　fared　in　the　rear；　they　were　overjoyed　to　see　them；　and　handed　over　the　sick　folk　to　them　to　carry　into　camp；　while　they　themselves　continued　their　march　forward；　and　ere　twenty　furlongs　were　past　reached　the　village　in　which　Cheirisophus　was　quartered。　As　soon　as　the　two　divisions　were　met；　the　resolution　was　come　to　that　it　would　be　safe　to　billet　the　regiments　throughout　the　villages；　Cheirisophus　remained　where　he　was；　while　the　rest　drew　lots　for　the　villages　in　sight；　and　then；　with　their　several　detachments；　marched　off　to　their　respective　destinations。

It　was　here　that　Polycrates；　an　Athenian　and　captain　of　a　company；　asked　for　leave　of　absencehe　wished　to　be　off　on　a　quest　of　his　own；　and　putting　himself　at　the　head　of　the　active　men　of　the　division；　he　ran　to　the　village　which　had　been　allotted　to　Xenophon。　He　surprised　within　it　the　villagers　with　their　headman；　and　seventeen　young　horses　which　were　being　reared　as　a　tribute　for　the　king；　and；　last　of　all；　the　headman's　own　daughter；　a　young　bride　only　eight　days　wed。　Her　husband　had　gone　off　to　chase　hares；　and　so　he　escaped　being　taken　with　the　other　villagers。　The　houses　were　underground　structures　with　an　aperture　like　the　mouth　of　a　well　by　which　to　enter；　but　they　were　broad　and　spacious　below。　The　entrance　for　the　beasts　of　burden　was　dug　out；　but　the　human　occupants　descended　by　a　ladder。　In　these　dwellings　were　to　be　found　goats　and　sheep　and　cattle；　and　cocks　and　hens；　with　their　various　progeny。　The　flocks　and　herds　were　all　reared　under　cover　upon　green　food。　There　were　stores　within　of　wheat　and　barley　and　vegetables；　and　wine　made　from　barley　in　great　big　bowls；　　　　26　the　grains　of　barley　malt　lay　floating　in　the　beverage　up　to　the　lip　of　the　vessel；　and　reeds　lay　in　them；　some　longer；　some　shorter；　without　joints；　when　you　were　thirsty　you　must　take　one　of　these　into　your　mouth；　and　suck。　The　beverage　without　admixture　of　water　was　very　strong；　and　of　a　delicious　flavour　to　certain　palates；　but　the　taste　must　be　acquired。

Xenophon　made　the　headman　of　the　village　his　guest　at　supper；　and　bade　him　keep　a　good　heart；　so　far　from　robbing　him　of　his　children；　they　would　fill　his　house　full　of　good　things　in　return　for　what　they　took　before　they　went　away；　only　he　must　set　them　an　example；　and　discover　some　blessing　or　other　for　the　army；　until　they　found　themselves　with　another　tribe。　To　this　he　readily　assented；　and　with　the　utmost　cordiality　showed　them　the　cellar　where　the　wine　was　buried。　For　this　night　then；　having　taken　up　their　several　quarters　as　described；　they　slumbered　in　the　midst　of　plenty；　one　and　all；　with　the　headman　under　watch　and　ward；　and　his　children　with　him　safe　in　sight。

But　on　the　following　day　Xenophon　took　the　headman　and　set　off　to　Cheirisophus；　making　a　round　of　the　villages；　and　at　each　place　turning　in　to　visit　the　different　parties。　Everywhere　alike　he　found　them　faring　sumptuously　and　merry…making。　There　was　not　a　single　village　where　they　did　not　insist　on　setting　a　breakfast　before　them；　and　on　the　same　table　were　spread　half　a　dozen　dishes　at　least；　lamb；　kid；　pork；　veal；　fowls；　with　various　sorts　of　bread；　some　of　wheat　and　some　of　barley。　When；　as　an　act　of　courtesy；　any　one　wished　to　drink　his　neighbour's　health；　he　would　drag　him　to　the　big　bowl；　and　when　there；　he　must　duck　his　head　and　take　a　long　pull；　drinking　like　an　ox。　The　headman；　they　insisted　everywere；　must　accept　as　a　present　whatever　he　liked　to　have。　But　he　would　accept　nothing；　except　where　he　espied　any　of　his　relations；　when　he　made　a　point　of　taking　them　off；　him　or　her；　with　himself。

When　they　reached　Cheirisophus　they　found　a　similar　scene。　There　too　　　　33　the　men　were　feasting　in　their　quarters；　garlanded　with　whisps　of　hay　and　dry　grass；　and　Armenian　boys　were　playing　the　part　of　waiters　in　barbaric　costumes；　only　they　had　to　point　out　by　gesture　to　the　boys　what　they　were　to　do；　like　deaf　and　dumb。　After　the　first　formalities；　when　Cheirisophus　and　Xenophon　had　greeted　one　another　like　bosom　friends；　they　interrogated　the　headman　in　common　by　means　of　the　Persian…speaking　interpreter